Umuthi we-Apple - ungomunye wezihlahla zezithelo ezindala ezikhulekelwa ngumuntu.
Izihlahla ze-Apple ziyahluka ngesikhathi sokuvuna, ngakho-ke ukuhlukahluka ngalunye kunezici zayo zokulima nokunakekelwa.
Uhlobo luni?
I-Apple ehlukahlukene i-Lada ibhekisela kuwo ezihlukahlukene zasebusika apula izihlahla ezihlukile izinga eliphezulu lokumelana kwamaqhwa.
Into esemqoka ekugcineni izithelo - ukungavumeli ukugxuma ekushiseni, amabhokisi afanele amapulangwe namaplastiki.
Izithelo zigcinwa kuze kube izinyanga ezinhlanu.
Ukuvota
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale impova izinhlobo zekwindla.
I-pollinator engcono kakhulu yalezi zinhlobonhlobo iyaziwa: I-Pepinchik Krasnoyarsk, i-Flashlight, i-Zhivinka.
Humushela incazelo emuva ku-isiNgisi Humusha Incazelo variety Lada
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwe-apula kunayo isilinganiso sobude, izinga lokukhula liphezulu ngesikhathi esincane.
Izinhlobonhlobo zinomumo ojikelezayo. umqhele obukhulu ubukhulu obuphakathi namagatsha aluhlaza kanye namagatsha atshalwe phansi.
Ungafinyelela konke amamitha amathathu kuphela. Amagxolo phezulu esihlahleni anombala obomvu, futhi phansi wona athola uhlamvu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Amahlumela azungeze, aphikisiwe kancane esigabeni esinqamule, abe ne-pubescence eqinile. Amaqabunga anesimo se-concave oblong, esiqondiswe phezulu, emaphethelweni ahlukumeza, ubukhulu bukhulu.
Umbala - ohlaza futhi ompunga. Amahlumela alezi zinhlobonhlobo anombala obomvu obomvu, futhi izimbali - ezimhlophe, ezinkulu kakhulu, zinomsindo oqhubekayo.
Izithelo - usayizi omncane, ube nombuthano obomvu, obombele kancane, ugibele ezinhlangothini. Isisindo sifinyelela kumagremu angu-40.
Phakathi nesikhathi sokususwa kombala omhlophe, ubuso bumbozwe ngemivimbo ebomvu elibomvu.
Ngemuva kokuqamba amanga, ama-apula athole obomvu obomvu, cishe obomvu, umbala.
I-peel yezithelo ze-Lada ezihlukahlukene zincane, ngaphansi kwayo ungabona izici ezinkulu zokukhanya eziluhlaza.
Izithelo ukunambitheka elimnandi, elimnandi. Inyama iyamanzi, isisindo esiphakeme kakhulu, sinamahloni, sithandeka, simhlophe.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabachwepheshe abanolwazi olwenziwe eSiteshini Sokuhlolwa Kwezithelo ZaseKrasnoyarsk Tikhonova N.N. futhi iTolmacheva A.S.Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zadalwa ngokunqamula izinhlobo ezimbili zezihlahla ze-apula: I-Leletino ranetki nePapirovka.
Isifunda esikhulayo
Isici sesifunda sokukhula - I-East Siberia. Izinhlobonhlobo zithandwa ezindaweni eziseningizimu Isifunda saseKrasnoyarsk.
Funda ngezinhlobo ezifanele ukutshala lezi zifunda: i-snowdrop, i-Pepin safari, ukuhlaselwa, isipho kubalimi, inselo yesiliva, iSokolovskoye, i-Uralets, i-Phoenix Altai, indodakazi uPepinchik, i-Lyubava.
Ukuthela
Ikhono lokuhluma isihlahla ngemuva eminyakeni emine emva kokufika.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvamisa ibushelelezi.
Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokuqala kwe-fruiting emthini owodwa, isivuno si amabili kilogram yezitheloeminyakeni elandelayo - amakhilogremu ayisithupha.
Izihlahla eziyisikhombisa ubudala ingaholela ku-kilos nane, ngezimo ezihle zokukhula nokunakekelwa okufanele, izivuno ezineminyaka eyishumi nanye zemithi yezihlahla ezineminyaka eyishumi nanye zingafinyelela 35 kilogram, kanti ngonyaka olandelayo - 45.
Susa izithelo kufanelekile kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuphakathi kuka-Septhemba.
Isikhathi sokugcina sama-apula sifinyelela ku-Mashi. Izithelo zinayo ukuhamba kahle okuhle. Ama-apula ahambisana nokusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke.
Funda ngezinhlobonhlobo eziphakanyisiwe zezihlahla ze-apula: i-Gala, i-Antonovka dessert, i-Augusta, i-Winter pear, i-Lyubava, i-Apple Spas, i-Stroyevskoye, i-Sokolovskoye, i-White Filling, i-Lobo, indodakazi ka-Pepinchik.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ukuze ungadangali ngokuvuna komuthi we-apula, kubalulekile ukutshala nokunakekela umuthi ngendlela efanele.
Akukho ukuvumelana mayelana nokutshala i-apula.
Abanye banombono wokuthi izithombo zilungele ukutshala entwasahlobo efudumele, abanye - ekuwa, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.
Azikho izinzuzo noma ukungalungi kokubili imibono.
Ngakho-ke, into esemqoka okumele uyikhumbule yilokho ukutshala isidingo, kuze kube yilapho sekuvele sekufudumele.
Qala ukufika kusuka emgodini. Ilungiselelwe cishe inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhlongozwa okuhlongozwayo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze umhlaba ube nesikhathi. "phansi".
Ngakho, udinga ukumba imbobo ngokujula 60-70 amasentimitha, nobubanzi - cishe imitha.
I-topsoil inesivuno, futhi phansi ngokuvamile kuvame ukukhanya. Ngakho-ke, ukumba imbobo, beka eceleni lezi zigaba ezimbili ngokwehlukana - lokhu kuzobalulekile esikhathini esizayo.
Kunconywa ukukhulula phansi emgodini bese uwumboza ngamathini amathini, ama-sawdust noma amatshe. Uma ugoba umgodi, kuphela ungqimba oluphezulu ohlanganiswe namaminerali noma umanyolo ophilayo okufanele usebenzise.
Le ngxube igcwaliswe okwesithathu ngomgodi, bese - nje ungqimba ophezulu. Yenza isikhukhula esincane, ungakwazi ukufaka ngokushesha isikhonkwane sokhuni.
Uhlaka olungezansi luhlakazeka ngokulinganayo eduze nomjikelezo. Uma utshala i-apula, uhlelo lwempande lwe-seedling kumele lube ngaphansi kwezinga eliphansi.
Isihlahla siboshelwe ku-cola i-loop ngendlela yesishiyagalombili. Lokhu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-trunk ye-apula ayikugubisi ngesikhonkwane ngesikhathi somoya ukuze igweme ukulimala kwamagxolo. Masinyane udinga ukuthulula amabhakede amabili noma amathathu amanzi bese ukhulula inhlabathi.
Ukunakekela i-apula kuyinto ebalulekile futhi edingekile yokukhulisa lesi sihlahla sesithelo ukuze ukwaneliswe isivuno.
Ngokuqinisekile yonke imithi yama-apula idinga ukunakekelwa okuvamile.
Inhlabathi ezungeze kufanele ibe njalo kuhlanzwa futhi kukhululiwe ukuze kulondolozwe kahle umswakama.
Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala i-apula akudingi ukondliwa okwengeziwe.
Ngonyaka wesibili, kusadingeka ukuthi uqale ukufaka umquba.equkethe i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-nitrogen noma i-final kuphela.
Ebusika, umuthi we-apula kufanele uvikelwe ekuqandeni, kanye nasezinhlungwini kanye namagundane. Ukwenza lokhu, i-trunk kumele ihlanganiswe namagatsha e-fir noma ephayini.
Lokhu kuvikelwa kudinga ukwenziwa. ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa. Ukuvikela izimpande ezibandayo, zingakwazi ukumboza ngezingqimba ezincane zomquba noma umhlaba.
Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwe-apula ukugcoba. Kudingeka kukhishwe cishe ngonyaka wesithupha ngemuva kokufika.
Ukulawula ukukhula okunempilo nokuhluma okuhle, i-apula iyadingeka ukusika izihlahla. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithelo nokukhanya okungcono.
Igxolo elidala noma eligulayo namagatsha kumele kususwe futhi kushiswe. Lokhu kuzogcina umkhiqizo ophezulu nokuphila kwesihlahla. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokusika izihlahla kusemuva kwentwasahlobo.
I-TIP: Ukusika kufanele kube nomthelela kuphela ngokuhlanganiswa nokufaka umanyolo omuhle ne-apula.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo zeLada zinezinga eliphakeme lokumelana nokukhwehlela: amaqabunga kuphela ashintshiwe, kanti izithelo zihlala zinganyaka.
Scab - Lokhu kungukutheleleka okubangelwa i-fungus.
Ekuqaleni iqhubekela ezindaweni ezikhanyayo, bese ikwazi ukumbozwa ngesibhakabhaka esimnyama bese ikhula phezu kwendawo.
Lesi sifo esingathandeki siyaphila, kodwa kuyadingeka ukwazi ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela: landela ukusika, ukufaka umanyolo (ungawunaki ngamanyolo aqukethe i-nitrogen), zama ukutshala endaweni ephakanyisiwe.
Uma nje uqaphela ukuthi isikhumba saqala ukushaya amaqabunga, sidinga susa futhi uchithe ngokushesha.
Njalo ekwindla, amaqabunga awile kufanele aphinde asetshenziselwe umquba ukuze agweme ukusakazeka kwezimpikiswano. Inhlabathi kumele iguqulwe, kanti utshani luphathwe ngesisombululo se-ammonium nitrate.
Uma le ndlela ingasebenzi, kuzodingeka usebenzise ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali. Enye into engasiza enkingeni yisidakamizwa "Skor".
Ihlanjululwa ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esisodwa kuya kweyishumi, futhi baqala ukusifiphaza lesi sihlahla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Isigaba sesibili - ukusetshenziswa kwe-4% ye-oxychloride noma i-sulphate yethusi: ukupunika kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuchichima.
Inkinga enzima ngokulinganayo engabhekana nayo lapho ukhula i-apula izinambuzane.
Bangakwazi ukuphanga kakhulu isivuno, kepha futhi isimo sempilo se-apula.
Amakhemikhali aya ekulweni nawo: ithusi, i-vitriol yensimbi, i-chlorophos, ingxube yeBordeaux nokuningi.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi uma ukupompa izinga lokushisa lomoya akuzange lifinyelele kunezigaba ezintathu zeCelsius.
Sebenzisa izidakamizwa zidinga ukuvuthwa isithelo, ukuze amakhemikhali angangeni ngaphakathi kwesithelo. Imibhangqwana yalezi zidakamizwa ayingozi kubabantu, ngakho-ke iyasebenza ezindlini zomuntu siqu.
Ukuze ususe izinambuzane ebusika emagqeni e-apula, ungafaka isicelo izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokwelapha:
- Ukuhlanza i-trunk;
- I-peeling ibark;
- Ukuphatha amanxeba enkuni;
- Ukuqhuba ukusika izihlahla ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi ekhulayo.
Kusuka kumakhambi omuntu: umlotha okhuni olwa kahle ngama-aphid namacimbi.
Ukuhlukahluka kweLada kunezinzuzo eziningi: ukunambitheka kwezithelo, ukuhambisana kwazo, ukuthutha. Imithi imelana nesithwathwa.
Umuthi we-Apple unezivuno eziphakeme, naphezu kobukhulu obukhulu besithelo. Phakathi kweziphambeko kungabonakala ukungazinzi kwamaqabunga ukuze uhlabe.
Buka ividiyo ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani kahle umbala omhlophe we-lime nokugcoba izihlahla zezithelo.
