Indodakazi ye-melba - izihlobo zasehlobo izihlahla ze-apula, ezivela kuMelba, ngakho-ke, ngezindlela eziningi ezifana nalezi zamuva.
Nokho, indodakazi kaMelba Kuyinto engavumelani nesithwathwa futhi ayifinyeleleki esikhaleni.
Kulesi sihloko sizobheka ngokucophelela lezi zihlukahlukene zama-apula ukusuka endaweni yokubuka ukutshala, ukulima nokugcina izithelo.
Uhlobo luni?
Njengoba kushiwo, Indodakazi kaMelba - izihlobo zasehlobonoma kunalokho, kungumuthi we-apula wokuvuthwa kwehlobo kwasekupheleni.
Ngokuvamile kuvame ukutshala Isifunda saseNyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifunda sase-Nonchernozem saseRussiaNokho, kufanelekile ukulima kulo lonke elaseRussia Federation.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuhlukile ngokuthi kunempela ukuvuthwa kwabathengi bokuqala - kuvele kakade ngosuku lweshumi kusukela ngosuku lokuqoqwa.
Kukholelwa ukuthi indodakazi kaMelba kufanele igcinwe hhayi ngaphezu kwenyanga eyodwa - ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, izithelo zilahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwazo nezakhiwo ezizuzisayo.
Kungcono ukugcina ama-apula ngamabhokisi enkuni endaweni ekamnyama, eyomile, epholile.
Ngoba lokhu kuyindawo efanelekile.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, umuthi omncane we-apula walolu hlobo unikeza isivuno minyaka yonkefuthi omdala akakho.
Ukuze zivune minyaka yonke lezi zinhlobonhlobo, balimi balimi bahlanganisa impova.
Indodakazi kaMelba ibonakala ikhono eliphansi lokuzivotela.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo kutuswa ukuba zitshale eduze kwayo "umlandeli" - uMelba.
Izinhlobo zasehlobo zihlanganisa: i-Gorno-Altaiskoye, i-Gornist, i-Malinovka, i-Apple Spas, i-Bely Ukuthutha, i-Yandykovskoe, i-Hero yoSuku, i-Terentyevka, i-Silver Hoof, i-Solentsedar, i-Yuzhny, i-July Chernenko, i-Chudnoye, i-Yuzhny, i-Krasnoe ngaphambili, ihlobo elithwetshiwe, ubuhlobo babantu, ipirova.
Incazelo izinhlobo Indodakazi Melba
Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala kwe-apula nezithelo zawo.
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla somuthi omdala ifinyelela kumamitha amathathu.
Amagxolo asemnyama, kuyilapho amahlamvu enamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Indodakazi ka-Apple Tree Melba ibonakala ngombala omhlophe obomvu obomvu, ngezinye izikhathi nge-violet ukukhanya.
Isihlahla salezi ezihlukahlukene kungabizwa ngamandla.
Kulokhu, i-apula ifana kakhulu noMelba.
Ngokwazo izithelo zilinganisa amagremu angu-130, inqwaba, i-round shape, cishe cishe egcwele umfutho kanye nemivimbo. Umbala oyinhloko ulula ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okhanyayo. I-apula nayo ihlanganiswe nezinkomba ezincane ezibomvu noma ezibomvu. Indodakazi kaMelby ibalulekile kuye inyama enhle enomsoco omhlophe.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Indodakazi kaMelba iBred esifundeni saseLeningradkuqhubeke I-Pavlovsk Yokuhlola I-VIR Station kusukela ezihlukahlukene zeMelba. Ababelethi baqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezintsha zazingaphezulu ukumelana nobusika nesikhumba.
Ngokwezici eziyinhloko ze-morphological, lezi zihlahla ze-apula akufani kakhulu noMelba ngokwakhe. Kanti uMelba u-brainchild wabalimi baseCanada. Wayenjalo ivulelwe ngo-1898 kusuka ezihlukahlukene ezibizwa I-Mackintosh.
Njengoba iCanada neRussia inombuso ofanayo, zonke izinhlobo ezintathu okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla ziye zagxila ezweni lethu kahle.
Isizinda Sokuqala
Indodakazi kaMelba inkulu ngokukhula cishe kulo lonke elaseRussiafuthi emazweni ahlanzekile.
Ukuzikhethela kwalokhu okuhluka kwezinye izindawo akufundanga kancane, Kukhona ubufakazi bokukhiqiza okuphansi ezindaweni ezipholile.
Nokho elihle kakhulu frost ukumelana of a apula tree yenza kube kufanele ukulima ngisho nasenyakatho yezwe lethu.
Ukutshala kulezi zindawo, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-apula zifanelekile: I-Pepin Saffron, uRennet Simirenko, Uspenskoye, Cliff, Young Naturalist, uCinnamon Novoe, Kvinti, Kalvil iqhwa, uRennet Chernenko, uZhigulevskoe, Zvezdochka, Imrus, Antey, Korichnaya emigqagqabeni, i-Anis emigqagqabha.
Ukuthela
Indodakazi kaMelba ingabhekiswa ezinhlobonhlobo eziza kakhulu. Isihlahla iqala ukuthela izithelo 3-4 eminyakeni emva kokutshala.
Ngokuvamile ukukhiqiza kuyinto cishe ama-30-35 kilogram nge-tree average iminyaka engu-9-11. Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zivuna ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, isikhathi sokuvuthwa singahluka kancane kuye ngokuthi isifunda sokutshala.
Ama-apula adliwa ahlanzekile, angagcinwa aphezulu kuze ku-Okthoba. Indodakazi ye-melba iveza izithelo kanye ngonyaka.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ukutshala iNdodana kaMalba ehlukahlukene kuyenzeka ngemuva kokuba umuthi uqede inqubo yokusila noma yokuvuthwa. Umgodi kufanele ulungiselelwe kusengaphambili - ukuhambisa umhlaba, ukusebenzisa umanyolo.
Izithombo kumele zihlanjululwe ngamagatsha ukuze zingashintshisi umswakama emhlabathini.
Akunconywa ukutshala i-apula emanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Uma beseseduze nesayithi, kubalulekile ukuqhuba iziteshi zokugeleza.
Indodakazi ye-melba ngokuvamile utshalwe emigqeni yamamitha angu-8x3 noma i-square 7x7 yamamitha.
Lebanga lizovela izinga lokukhula lika-apulakanye nezici zesakhiwo somuthi uqobo.
Kunconywa izithombo ukutshala enhlabathini evundile, enhle kakhulu. Kufanele futhi okwanele.
Yondla Ngokuvamile izinhlobo zezintambo zikaMelba zenziwa ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokufika, izimvume eziphilayo. Izihlahla zidinga ukuphuza njalo.
Ochwepheshe nabo bayeluleka shiya i-trunk ukuze uvikele lesi sihlahla ezinambuzane. Ngasekuqaleni kwekwindla bamba inhlabathiukuze kulondolozwe inhlabathi yokuzala Kufakwe emanzini amaningi.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emasimini amancane.
Crown Shaping Nokunciphisa kufanele futhi unake. Entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukusika amagatsha amadala, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele, kodwa kuphela ingxenye. Okunye kudinga ukufinyezwa. Lokhu kuzokwenza amagatsha amancane akwazi ukuthela izithelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuvimbela imifino ukuba ingakhuli kakhulu.
Ukuphalaza Izihlahla ze-Apple zigcinwa phakathi entwasahlobo - okokuqala lapho amaqabunga ehluma, kanti okwesibili - lapho isihlahla siqala ukuqhakaza.
Kukhona indlela yokuhlunga kathathu - Ochwepheshe bathi iNdodakazi kaMelba iwusizo ukuphambanisa okwesithathu kanye ngamasonto amabili emva kokuqala kwezimbali.
Indodakazi kaMelba iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene ye-apula futhi inokwanele high disest ukumelana. Ukunakekelwa okufanele, ukuphalaza nokuchelela okufika ngesikhathi kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthelela umuthi.
Okulandelayo, sibheka izifo eziyinhloko ze-apula nezindlela zokulwa nazo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Indodakazi kaMelba ingaphansi kwezifo ezifanayo nezinambuzane njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo.
Idonsa likaMealy. Kubonakala sengathi kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaqabungeni, okukhishwa kalula ekuqaleni, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuba mkhulu kakhulu. Amaqabunga ama-curl ayomile. Iningi livame ukuthinta izihlahla ezingenawo umswakama. Umkhuhlane we-Powdery usiza ukuphalaza i-colloidal soda.
UMonilioz, izithelo zokubola. Kuthunyelwa umoya noma izinambuzane. Ukuze unqobe lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuhlanza ngokuphelele izinga lezithelo ezithelelekile, kufaka phakathi ukwehla kwamagilebhisi. Ukuphalaza ngamalungiselelo akhethekile nakho kuyasiza.
I-Vertex. Igama lizikhulumela ngokwaso - esiqongweni somuthi sihlala singenawo amaqabunga futhi soma. Lesi sifo sibangelwa ukungabi nalutho kwezakhi zokulandelela, ngokuvamile i-zinc. Phatha i-dieback ngokupuniza.
Aphid. Leaf blush kanye curl. Kusuka kuma-aphid kusiza izidakamizwa "aktar".
Scab. Kuboniswe njengama-black specks kwisithelo. Indodakazi kaMelba imelana nalesi sifo, kodwa ingenwa igciwane uma ukunakekelwa kwakungeke kukwanele.
Amafriji. Kubonakala ukuthi ngabe i-apula isifo seqhwa. Kuyasiza ukufaka umquba kanye nokuphuza.
Indodakazi kaMelby iyinhlobo evamile ye-apula ehlukahlukene, ebonakala ngokuvunwa okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuhle kakhulu kwezithelo ukunambitheka. I-geography ebanzi yokulima nokulula kokunakekelwa kwenza lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.
Buka ividiyo ukuthi ungalungisa kanjani izihlahla ezincane ebusika.
