Kukhona umbono wokuthi izinkomo nezinkunzi ziyimpumputhe. Akunjalo. Bayakwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala, nakuba kungeyona ngokucacile njengabantu.
Amehlo abo ahlelwe ngendlela yokubona ngokucacile zonke izinto phambi kwazo. Ababoni izinto ezikude ngemininingwane.
Kungani lokhu kunjalo nokuthi yiziphi izifo zamehlo ezenzeka ezinkomeni, sizoxoxa esihlokweni sethu.
Ziyini amehlo ezinkomo
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini amehlo enkomo, kuzomele uzijwayele ngesakhiwo sabo. 
Isakhiwo
Iso lezinkomo liqukethe i-eyeball ne-visual receptors. Kusuka kubo ngokusebenzisa umqhubi futhi ulwazi lwe-optic nerve ludluliselwa ebuchosheni. I-eyeball ibhekwe ku-orbit eyenziwe ngamathambo e-skull, futhi inegobolondo langaphandle, eliphakathi nelingaphakathi.
Ibuye ibe nesiphakamiso sokukhanyisa okukhanyayo, ukuphela kwemizwa nemithambo yegazi.
Igobolondo langaphandle yi-cornea ne-sclera (igobolondo yamaprotheni). Lezi zinsuku zinezicubu ezinamafutha futhi yisisekelo se-eyeball. Ama-muscle tendons abamba isikhala, futhi siqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo. I-cornea iyabonakala, ngaphandle kwemithwalo yegazi, kodwa isiphetho sezinzwa.
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi uzijwayele nge-anatomy yenkomo futhi ufunde mayelana nezici zesakhiwo somfuyo wenkomo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kuzwela kakhulu kumathonya angaphandle. Ngalokhu kudlula ukukhanya ku-retina.
Iris, umzimba we-ciliary, ne-choroid yi-membrane ephakathi. Iris ine-pigment enquma umbala weso. Esikhathini saso kukhona umgodi (umfundi), okwazi ukunciphisa nokwandisa, ngaleyo ndlela ulawula ukugeleza kokukhanya.
Phakathi kwe-retina kanye neprotheni yesheath yiyona ekhethiwe. Ngayo amandla omzimba kusuka emithanjeni yegazi. Umzimba we-ciliary ukhona phakathi kwe-vascular ne-iris. Kuyinto imisipha ogama umsebenzi ukubamba crystal bese ulungise umthamo wayo. 
I-retina yinkomba yangaphakathi. Emuva kwawo, ukucabangela okukhanyayo kuthathwe futhi kuguqulwe ibe yindlela yokucindezeleka. Izinduku ezisezinqabeni zomzimba zibhekene nombono wosuku. Ama-Cones anesibopho sombala.
I-lens isendaweni ye-eyeball. Kuyinto lens biconvex of curvature ehlukahlukene. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ubone kokubili izinto ezikude nokude.
Umzimba we-Vitreous, ohlanganisa amanzi ngo-98%, obekwe phakathi kwe-lens ne-retina. Kungenxa yokuma kwesitho esibukwayo, sithatha inqubo yezinqubo zamathambo, igcina ithoni yayo futhi iqhuba ukukhanya.
Amehlo atholakala ngenhla nangaphansi kwamajwabu amehlo. Zivikela umzimba emonakalweni womshini. Ingxenyeni yangaphakathi yayo ihlanganiswe ngendwangu yamangqamuzana, ekhoneni kukhona i-membrane ekhanyayo.
Izinkomo zinezici zemibala e-monocular latal and central binocular. Ngenxa yokuphakanyiswa komfundi esifundeni esiqondile, isilwane sinombono we-panoramic we-330 °.
Uyazi? Izinkomo zinezimpendulo ezinhle ebusuku. I-medium refractive ethuthukisa ukukhanya okuboniswa kusuka ezintweni kubhekene nalesi sici.
Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi indawo yombono we-binocular ikhona phambi kwenkomo, ubona ngokucacile konke okuphambi kwayo, kodwa ehlukanisa kahle imininingwane yezinto ezikude. 
Umbala
Ngokuyisisekelo amehlo enkomo emnyama noma emnyama. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kunezinye imibala. Konke kuncike ekuzalweni kwesilwane.
Izifo zamehlo ezinkomo
Izifo ze-optic organ in izinkomo zivame kakhulu. Kungabangelwa ukulimala komshini, ukutheleleka, ukulimala ngokomzimba noma kwamakhemikhali, noma kwenzeka ngenxa yezifo ezithile zesilwane.
Thola nokuthi iziphi izifo zesifo, izifo zamalunga, izifo ezinamazinyo ezinkomo.
Kungani kumnandi futhi kunamanzi
Ukuvuthwa kuyisimo semvelo somzimba kwisisusa. Kanye nezinyembezi, umzimba wesinye isizwe noma ama-microorganisms we-pathogenic ahlanzwa. Ngakho-ke, uma uthola izinyembezi enkomo, kufanele uzibonise ngokuphuthumayo kudokotela wezilwane, njengoba lokhu kungase kube uphawu lwesifo esinjalo njenge-keratitis (ukuvuvukala kwe-cornea).
Izizathu zakhe:
- umonakalo owenziwe ngomshini (ukulimaza, ukudubula);
- ukushisa;
- amakhemikhali;
- umzimba (ukushisa, imisebe ye-UV, uthuli lomlotha);
- izifo ezithathelwanayo.
Izimpawu:- i-corneal opacity (ukulahlekelwa kwe-gloss);
- umbala we-cornea uyabhema, ubumhlophe obumnyama;
- i-photophobia;
- ukudubula;
- ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi.
Ukwelashwa:
- Isixazululo se-3% se-boric acid sokugeza isikhwama se-conjunctival;
- imijovo yama-antibiotics noma ama-sulfonamide;
- Isixazululo se-0.5% se-novocaine esinomjovo wama-antibiotic ngenqubo ye-purulent.
Ukubonakala komuntu otholakalayo kungenziwa ngenxa yokuvuvukala noma ukulimala kwe-cornea. I-tissue ye-scar yenziwa, eguqulela ukukhanya kwe-cornea, okwenza kube namafu. Kancane kancane, i-eyesore ivela.
Kubalulekile! Ithole lizalelwe nge-catcher cat. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kokubeletha kwaba nenqubo yokuvuvukala.
Izimbangela:
- ukuhlukunyezwa;
- helminths.
Izimpawu:- ukubomvu okuhlangene;
- i-clouding yama-corneal;
- i-photophobia;
- ukudubula;
- ukulahlekelwa ukudla
- isilwane sivame ukugubha ikhanda.
Ukwelashwa (uma i-helminths):
- iso lihlanjululwe ngesisombululo se-3% se-boric acid nge-syringe;
- amafutha okugcoba ngesisekelo se-penicillin ne-sulfonamides ukuphoqa ngaphansi kwejwabu leso.
Izinqubo zenziwa nsuku zonke kuze kuphele ukuxoshwa okuphelele kwezilwane ezivela esweni.
Ukwelapha (uma ukulimala):
- 3-4 izikhathi ngosuku ukubeka ushukela ngaphandle kwezimbisi ngaphansi kwejwabu leso eliphansi;
- I-3-4 ml yesisombululo se-chlorophos ifakwe kweso elithintekayo;
- kabili ngosuku, gcoba iso nge-tetracycline amafutha.
Zonke izidakamizwa kufanele zenziwe futhi zihlolwe udokotela wezilwane.
Kungani kubomvu
Ukubamba ukuvuvukala kungabangela ububomvu besitho se-optic.
Izimbangela:
- ukulimala komzimba (ukudideka, umzimba wangaphandle, ukuqhuma kwe-eyelashes);
- amakhemikhali (i-ammonia, i-alkali, i-asidi, i-iodine, uthuli lomlotha, umquba wamakhemikhali);
- umzimba (imisebe ye-UV);
- i-infectious;
- helminth;
- i-allergic.
Izimpawu:
- i-photophobia;
- ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu kwe-conjunctiva;
- ukudubula;
- ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi.
Ukwelashwa:
- Isixazululo sika 3% esifudumele se-boric acid sokugeza;
- amaconsi ka-0.25-2% i-zinc sulfate nesisombululo se-novocaine esingu-1-2%;
- amaconsi esiliva esiliva.
Kungani fester
Izimbangela ze-pus emehlweni zingaba:
- i-conjunctivitis ye-purulent;
- i-keratitis e-purulent engavamile.
Izimpawu ze-conjunctivitis:
- ijwabu leso ukuvuvukala;
- amajwabu amafutha ashisayo;
- i-conjunctiva ebomvu, edematous;
- i-photophobia;
- i-pus emhlophe-ephuzi.
Izimpawu ze-keratitis:
- i-photophobia;
- amehlo amanga;
- i-purulent exudate;
- ukubukeka kwezilonda;
- ukukhukhumeza, ukukhwabanisa kwamakhaza, umbala ophuzi ophuzi.
Ukwelashwa:
- ukuzihlukanisa, ukuphumula;
- ukuthuthukisa izimo zokuboshwa;
- ukudla okunomsoco;
- Isixazululo se-3% se-boric acid noma isikebhe sokudoba 1: 5000 sokugeza;
- Isixazululo se-0.5% se-zinc sulphate, njenge-astringent ye-conjunctivitis;
- amafutha (furatsilinovaya, penicillin, iodoformnaya, xeroformnaya, i-hydrocortisone, i-mercury yellow) ngejwabu leso nge-keratitis, ukucindezela okufudumele;
- ngezinqubo eziqinile ze-purulent, ama-antibiotics kanye nama-sulfonamide anqunywe.
Uyazi? Ukuqhaqhazela ku-bullfight akusho ukuthi kunjani umbala wendwangu, kodwa kwendwangu uqobo, njengento yokucasuka, okuyilokhu iqhuma khona phambi kwamehlo abo.
Umthengi we-Eye (ukukhula kwe-corneal)
Ukubonakala kokukhula ku-cornea kubizwa ngokuthi i-pterygium. Eqanjwe yi-conjunctiva, ihlumela layo eliyisigxathu elisondela ku-cornea. 
Izimbangela:
- Imisebe ye-UV;
- ukuhlukunyezwa;
- conjunctivitis engapheli;
- isifo seso esithathelwanayo.
Izimpawu:
- ukudubula;
- itching;
- ukulahlekelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo;
- ubomvu obunamafutha;
- ukubukeka kwamabala ku-cornea.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokuphatha i-cataract.
Ukwelapha. Ukukhula kuqedwa ngokuhlinzwa.
Mass keratoconjunctivitis
Lesi sifo siyisenzakalo esivame ukuvame ukushaya cishe isigamu sabantu bonke ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Izimbangela:
- intwasahlobo A hypovitaminosis;
- helminths;
- izifo.
Izimpawu:- i-corneal turbidity;
- ukudubula;
- kunciphisa ukuzwela okukhulu;
- i-photophobia;
- ukuvuvukala kwe-conjunctiva;
- ukuqina kwe-cornea ne-detachment;
- ukubukeka kwezilonda.
Ukwelashwa:
- imenyu elinganisiwe;
- isingeniso ekudleni amavithamini, amafutha enhlanzi;
- umjovo we-bacteriostatic emulsions engxenyeni ye-conjunctival kabili ngosuku;
- ukugcoba amafutha e-synthomycin nge-2-3% ye-novocaine, i-1% e-atropine.
Kubalulekile! Faka isicelo semithi efanayo ne-conjunctivitis.
Amehlo ayisici esibalulekile kunoma yisiphi isilwane. Izinkinga nazo zivela ngokuzumayo, futhi ukwelashwa akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukugcina izinkomo zihlanzekile, zikhululekile futhi zinikeze ukudla okuvamile kunokulwa nezifo.
