Ngonyaka ka-2009, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamazambane zenziwa eJalimane, ezaziswa emhlabeni jikelele.
Isici esiyingqayizivele se-Arosa kubhekwa njengesivuno esiphezulu, ukungathobeki kwezimo zezulu kanye nomhlabathi, kanye nokubukeka okuhle kanye nezici ezinhle kakhulu.
Funda incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobonhlobo, izici zayo kanye nezici ezikhulayo kulesi sihloko.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
| Igama leBanga | Arosa |
| Izici ezijwayelekile | ibanga lokuqala elivuthiwe elihle elivuthiwe kanye nokukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nobude bokugcina |
| Isikhathi sokubeletha | Izinsuku ezingu-60-65 |
| Okuqukethwe kwesitashi | 12-14% |
| Izikhulu eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa | 70-140 gr |
| Inombolo yezilimo eziyizigaxa ehlathini | kuze kufinyelele ku-15 |
| Ukuthela | kuze kube ngu-500 kg / ha |
| Ikhwalithi yabathengi | ukunambitheka okuhle, okufanelekile ukupheka i-chips |
| I-Recumbency | 95% |
| Umbala wesikhumba | i-pink |
| Umbala we-Pulp | ophuzi |
| Izifunda ezikhulayo ezikhethiwe | I-North Caucasus, i-Middle Volga, i-West Siberia |
| Izifo zokuphikisa | ukujwayela okulinganiselayo okubangelwa yisikhathi esiqongweni sezinto eziqongweni, ngokulingana ukumelana nesilonda esivamile nokulimala okuphelile kwesikhathi |
| Izici zokukhula | uthanda umanyolo |
| Umsunguli | I-Uniplanta Saatzucht KG (eJalimane) |
Izici
I-Arosa yizinhlobonhlobo zamatafula amazambane aphethwe ngabalimi baseJalimane. Ukuhlakulela kuvamile emazingeni ahlanzekile. Izindawo ezivame kakhulu zokutshala lezi zihlukahlukene yiNingizimu neSiberia.
Ukubaluleka kwamazambane kusekelwe ezimweni zayo:
Precocity. Amazambane angezona izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa. Ukuvuthwa kokugcina kubonakala ngosuku 70-75, kodwa okokuqala kungenziwa kakade ngosuku 45-55 emva kokutshala.
Ukuthela. I-Arosa inomkhiqizo ophezulu. Kufika ku-50 amathani amazambane angadliwa endaweni engamahektare ayi-1, futhi ngokunakekelwa okungeziwe kanye nokwandisa umanyolo ngamanyolo (okuyinto lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithanda kakhulu), isivuno sifinyelela kumathani angu-70 ngehektare ngalinye lomhlaba. Inani lezilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphansi kwehlathi elihlukile lifinyelela izicucu ezingu-14-17.
Ukubekezelelana kwesomiso. Amazambane kulezi zihlukahlukene kukhona ukumelana nesomiso futhi kulula ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene zezulu. Emoyeni esomile, akudingi ukuchelela okwengeziwe, kodwa uma kukhiqizwa, isivuno singase sande kancane.
Isidingo somhlabathi. Kufanelekile ukukhula kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi, ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuzivumelanisa.
Isicelo. Isetshenziswe njengama-mbatata etafuleni, ekukhiqizeni izimboni ze-chips namafries amaFrance, nawo afaneleka ukugcina isikhathi eside. Ikhwalithi yezilimo eziyizigaxa ngu-95%. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinkinga zokugcina isikhathi, izinga lokushisa kanye nokugcinwa kwezinhlawulo ezengeziwe ezisesayithi lethu. Futhi futhi mayelana nokuthi ungagcina kanjani amazambane ebusika, ebhodini, kulabo abadwebayo, esiqandisini futhi ehlutshiwe.
Ngekhwalithi yokugcina yezinye izinhlobo ongayibona etafuleni elingezansi:
| Igama leBanga | I-Recumbency |
| Kiranda | 95% |
| Minerva | 94% |
| Juvel | 94% |
| I-Meteor | 95% |
| Umlimi | 95% |
| Timo | 96%, kodwa izilimo eziyizigaxa zikhula ngokushesha |
| Arosa | 95% |
| Spring | 93% |
| Veneta | 87% |
| Impala | 95% |
Ukudla. Ukuhlola ukunambitheka kwamazambane e-Arosa esikalini samaphuzu amahlanu, kungenzeka ukunikeza ibanga lika-4.5 kulo. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ukunambitheka kwezitshalo zempande ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekutheni inani le-starch.
Ungaqhathanisa le nkhomba ngezinye izinhlobo usebenzisa idatha etafuleni elingezansi:
| Igama leBanga | Okuqukethwe kwesitashi |
| I-Aurora | 13-17% |
| I-Skarb | 12-17% |
| Ryabinushka | 11-18% |
| Ubuhle | 17-19% |
| I-Zhuravinka | 14-19% |
| Lasock | 15-22% |
| Umlutha | 13-15% |
| I-Granada | 10-17% |
| Rogneda | 13-18% |
| I-Dolphin | 10-14% |
Ukumelana nokulimala. Ukuphikiswa kokulimala kwemvelaphi yemishini kuphakeme kakhulu - 93-96%.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izifo zokuphikisa. Ama-arosa amazambane adume ngokumelene nokumelana nomdlavuza wamazambane, i-nematode, i-banded ne-wrinkled mosaic, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, i-alternariosis, i-fusarium, i-verticillus. Ukumelana okulinganiselwe kukhonjelwa ekubhebhethekeni kokugcina kwezilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nezinhlasi kanye namaqabunga amaqabunga.
Kubalulekile: ukuvimbela ukulimala kokugcina kwe-tuber izitshalo ngamazambane abalimi, kutuswa ukususa amahlamvu ezinsukwini ezingu-10 ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Ithonywa ngesiliva sesiliva kanye ne-rhizoctonia, okusho ukuthi kuyadingeka amazambane ukuba agqoke ukugqoka kuqala. Ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane kwenziwa njengenjwayelo.
Isibonelo, ukulwa ne-Colorado bezambane beetle, ungasebenzisa kokubili izindlela zendabuko namalungiselelo amakhemikhali. Ukukhula kwamazambane ama-arosa kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi uyasabela emithini ephezulu yamanyolo omanyolo..
Kanjani, nini futhi kanjani ukondla amazambane, nokuthi ngabe kuyadingeka yini ukukwenza lapho utshala, funda ezihlokweni ezihlukene zewebhu yethu.
Ukuze ukhule amazambane, kubalulekile ukugcina imikhuba efanele yezolimo futhi usebenzise izithasiselo ezidingekayo ukwandisa izivuno futhi ulahle izinambuzane.Sikuqaphele izihloko zokuthi kungani kufanele sisebenzise kahle amafongicides, ukubulala ukhula kanye nezinambuzane.
Kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukene zokutshala amazambane. Sinikeza ulwazi oluwusizo nolusithakazelisayo mayelana nobuchwepheshe beDutch, kanye nokukhula ngaphansi komshini, kusuka kumbewu, emibhawulweni, emasakeni noma ebhokisini.
Isithombe
Ama-arosa amazambane asetshenziselwa izihlahla ezibunjiwe kahle eziqubukile. Idubula umfaniswano, obukhulu. Amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo enkulu, emthunzi omnyama ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka onemiphetho ebushelelezi, enesisindo esincane.
I-Inflorescences i-hue ebomvu, obomvu obomvu. I-Arosa ibhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo zokuqala zamazambane ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi eziza phezulu. Ukukhulisa le amazambane akudingi umzamo omkhulu. Imisebenzi efana nokuchelela okungeziwe, ukuphakama, ukuqubuzela akudingeki, kodwa kungasiza.
Ngomuthi owengeziwe wokutshala umanyolo ukwanda kakhulu, kodwa lapho kungekho ukugqoka okuphezulu amazambane bajabule ngezinkomba zabo eziphakeme. Ngomsebenzi omncane, ungathola isivuno esiphezulu samazambane amahle, esiphundu futhi ahlala isikhathi eside, esifaneleka ukwenza ibhizinisi.
Ngezansi kwetafula uzothola izixhumanisi ezihlokweni ezinhlobo zamazambane ukuvuthwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene:
| Ukuphumula okuphakathi | Ngaphambi kokuqala | Ukuvuthwa kwesikhashana |
| I-Aurora | I-Black Prince | Nikulinsky |
| I-Skarb | Nevsky | I-Asterix |
| Isibindi | Darling | Ikhadineli |
| Ryabinushka | Nkosi yama-expanses | I-Kiwi |
| Ubuhle | Ramos | Slavyanka |
| I-Zhuravinka | Taisiya | I-Rocco |
| Lasock | I-Lapot | Ivan da Marya | Umlutha | Caprice | Picasso |
