Wonke amaphupho asezigadi asemasimini akhe ase-apula ahlukaniswa yizivuno eziphakeme, izici ezinhle kakhulu zokunambitheka futhi abe nokubukeka okuhle.
Ukuze uziqhenye ngensimu yakho, udinga ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele zasendlini yakho.
Enye yezinhlobo zabo ezivame ukulimala uhlobo lwe-apula Dachnaya. Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe kulesi sihloko.
Luhlobo luni olubhekisela
Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kuyihlobo. Kusukela ngesonto lesithathu lika-Agasti kuvela ukuvuthwa kwezithelo.
Leli banga hhayi self pollinatedNgakho-ke, ukuze uthole isivuno kuso, kubalulekile ukukhetha umakhelwane ovuthiwe.
Ukuze impova yezinhlobo zehlobo idinga amahlobo ehlobo noma ekwindla, ngoba izimbali kufanele zenzeke ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Izinhlobo zasehlobo zihlanganisa: iGorno-Altai, Malinovka, Apple Spas, Bely Naliv, Yandykovskoe, Yubilyar, Terentievka, Yuzhny, July Chernoe, Kvinti, Korobovka, Chudnoye, Elena, Glory kuya owinile, uYubilyar.
Ukuvota
Ukuze kutholakale impova yezinhlobonhlobo zeDachnaya, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zizofaneleka: Gornist, Dreamer, Solntsedar, Silverhoof, Iset white, Daughter of the rainbow, Aksena, Papyantra, Ural pink.
Izincazelo zeBanga Izwe
Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala kwe-apula nezithelo.
Isihlahla se-Apple sinalo isikhala esiphakathi grey-brown, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona umthunzi ophuzi. Crohn njengoba i-apula ikhula kusukela e-pyramidal iya endaweni ejikeleziwe.
Emthini omncane, amagatsha aqondiswa phezulu, kodwa emva kokuqala kokufumbaza basakazwa ezinhlangothini ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo. Ukuvuthwa kuvela emgqonyeni olula futhi oyinkimbinkimbi.
Izithelo zinomumo ojikelezayo olinganiselwe, ophuzi obala obala obala obomvu obunqamule, ngezinye izikhathi nge-flush.
Ama-apula abushelelezi kuze kuthinte.
Ubukhulu babo kusuka amagremu angu-90 kuya kwangu-110.
Inyama enemibala enemibala, enamanzi, ekhululekile ngomunambitha omuncu.
Umlando wokuzala
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kudalwe Kotovym L.A. nge-pollination yezinhlobo ze "Isetsky" ne-Melba ehlukahlukene impova, Iphupho futhi Candy esiteshini segadi saseSverdlovsk.
Isithombe
Isifunda sokusabalalisa
Izinhlobonhlobo zande kakhulu e-Urals (i-Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, iTyumen, iSverdlovsk, esifundeni).
Izihlahla ze-Apple zinobunzima obusika obubusika, obenza bafanelekele ukusatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezibandayo. Isibonelo EMpumalanga Ekude nase-Western Siberia.
Ukutshala kulezi zindawo, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zifanelekile: Isivumelwano, Isetskoe, Rennet Chernenko, iKovrovoe, Lada, Isipho sabalimi, i-Pepin Saffron, i-Ural Bulk, i-Flashlight, isikrini, i-Yantar, i-Uralets, i-Phoenix ye-Altai, indodakazi uPepinchik, i-Lyubava, i-Altynai.
Ukuthela
Izinhlobonhlobo "Dachnoe" zihlukaniswa yiyo izithelo eziphezulu. Ukuhluma kuza iminyaka engu-3-5yingakho ukuhlukahluka kuthiwa yi-skoroplodny. Ngokunakekelwa okuthuthukisiwe, abalimi bathola kuze kube ngu-15-16 kg wezithelo ezivela emthini.
Isivuno sesilinganiso 10-12 kg kusuka emthini owodwa we-apula. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zivela engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agastikodwa ngeshwa hhayi ngaphansi kwesitoreji eside (hhayi ngaphezu kwenyanga).
Ngakho-ke, kufanele ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqoqwa ukuphindaphinda.
Uma, noma kunjalo, usenesikhathi esithile sokugcina ama-apula aqoqwe, bese ukhetha ngokucophelela isitshalo sakho kusuka ezonakele ngaphambi kokubeka.
Gcoba isithelo ngasinye ngephepha bese usifafaza nge-moss, isihlabathi, amaqabunga omile we-maple noma i-oki.
Amabhokisi amakhi ahlanzekile angcono ukugcina, azohlinzeka ngezinga elifunayo lokungena umoya.
Zigqoke i-20 cm ukusuka phansi kanye no-30 cm kusukela ephahleni, ibanga phakathi kwamashalofu hhayi ngaphansi kuka-20 cm
Ama-Basement noma amasilayi asetshenziswa njengezakhiwo. Ukushisa kuzo kufanele kube ngokwesilinganiso 18-20Сfuthi umswakama useduze 80%.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungenzi amaphutha uma utshala izihlahla ze-apula. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuvuna okucebile akufanelekile ukuphupha ngakho. Ngokuvamile, izihlahla ze-apula ziyizitshalo ezingenakuzithoba, kodwa, noma kunjalo, zidinga izimo ezithile zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwazo.
Indawo yokufika kufanele ibe nezici ezilandelayo:
- Izinga elikhanyayo elihle
- Umswakama owanele womhlabathi, kodwa hhayi ukuthi amanzi aphelile kuwo. Lokhu kuyingozi ohlelweni lwempande yama-apula.
- Kungcono uma kungekho ezinye izihlahla ezinkulu, kanye nezinye izitshalo nezithelo zeberry eduze kwazo.
- Khetha indawo engenawo umoya.
Indawo ekhethiwe kahle - lena isinyathelo sokuqala esivinini esihle.
Khona-ke kufanele ulungiselele imigodi yokufika. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izihlahla ze-apula kufanele zitshalwe entwasahlobo (kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuMeyi), noma ekwindla (kusukela ngo-September kuya ku-Okthoba).
Cishe ngesonto kamuva, lapho umhlaba uhlelwa kancane, ungatshala izihlahla emhlabathini.
Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho kufanelekile ukufeza imisebenzi enjengokukhipha ukhula, ukukhulula nokukhulelwa kwenhlabathi.
Njengoba ukufakelwa endaweni entsha kuyisimo sokucindezeleka okukhulu, kufanele kwenziwe konke ukuze umuthi uvumelane ngokushesha futhi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Engeza njengomanyolo ama-humus, umlotha, amaminerali noma amalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi. Udinga ukususa ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi bese ufaka kuphela lezo zakhi ezinganele kulo.
Ingxenye yendawo evuliwe ixubene nomanyolo futhi ingeniswa emgodini wokutshala. Phakathi nendawo, shiya indawo yokupaka.
Kungcono ukuhlwanyela ndawonye, ukuze umuntu abambe umuthi ngesiqu, kanti okwesibini ngalesi sikhathi kuzofakaza uhlelo lwempande nomhlaba.
UKUKHONA: Kubalulekile uma utshalwa uqonde izimpande zomuthi we-apula ngaphakathi nohlangothi. Lokhu kuzodinga ukubekezela kwakho nokuchithwa. Uma kungenjalo, ingxenye yesistimu yempande ingase iphele. Futhi lokhu kuzoholela ekwenzeni ukuthi umuthi uzothola izakhi ezincane, noma isithombo singathathi izimpande futhi sizofa.
Ngemuva kokutshala, isihlahla siboshwe, siphuziswa futhi siphule kancane inhlabathi ngonyawo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okuhle kwesihlahla kubalulekile ukunakekela.
Ekuseni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla bamba umhlaba ngo-10-15 cm, kuye ngokuthi ukujula kwezimpande. Ehlobo, ukukhululeka kwenziwa Izikhathi ezingu-3.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izihlahla ezibuthakathaka zenza amandla okudla. Isikhathi sokuqala emva kokuqhakaza, okwesibili - emva kokuwa kwama-ovari, okwesithathu ekuqaleni kwekwindla.
Ukuze ugqoke umquba wokusebenzisa umquba, ama-drop droppings, umquba wamaminerali ngendlela yesisombululo noma eyomile. Isibungu slush kathathu ihlanjululwa ngamanzi udoti - izikhathi ezingu-15. Pheka ngesilinganiso 90 amalitha esisombululo emthini owodwa we-apula.
Imifino ye-Organic ne-phosphorus-potassium isetshenziswa njalo eminyakeni emibili. I-nitrojeni iqhaza entwasahlobo nasesikhathini sokukhula okuthuthukisiwe - phakathi kwehlobo.
Kubalulekile ukunakekela isiqu nomqhele wesihlahla. Ngaphambi kwemithi yase-apula yasebusika ukuvikela kusuka kumagundane ngu ukuhlanganisa namagatsha amafir noma izinto ezikhethekile zokumboza.
Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okudingekayo, izihlahla ze-apula kumele zivikelwe ezifweni nasekulimaleni kwezinambuzane.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula I-Dachnaya iyanamelana nesifo esinjalo njengesikhumba esibangelwa i-pathogen ye-fungal. Kodwa zijwayele ezinye izifo isici sezihlahla zezithelo.
Idonsa likaMealy. Isifo esivamile kakhulu esenzeka hhayi kuphela ezihlahleni ze-apula, kodwa nakwezinye izitshalo zensimu. Yenza lokho amakhowe ezincane (I-leucotrictia ye-Podosphacra).
Lesi sifo senza lesi sitshalo sibe yingozi kakhulu, sithinta amaqabunga, izimbali, amaqabunga namahlumela. Amafungus akha amaqabunga amhlophe, futhi ngemva kokubunjwa kwezinhlamvu, amaconsi amanzi avela.
Ukutheleleka kusakazeka ngokushesha kulo lonke lesi sitshalo, kubangele ukuma amaqabunga nama-inflorescences. Uma ungaqedi zonke izindawo ezithintekayo, i-pathogen eyoba nayo iyothatha ubusika.
Ukulwa, ungasebenzisa izixazululo zezidakamizwa "I-Topaz", "Ikhaya", "Phezulu".
Noma isixazululo se-Bordeaux liquid, noma i-sulfate yethusi.
I-Milky shine. Izihlahla zivame ukuthinteka emva kwebusika obunzima. Kuhambisane nokufa kwamahlumela. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-fungus encane kakhulu - i-Stereumpurpureum.
Lesi sifo singatholakala ngokukhona kwamabhulebhu emoyeni ngaphansi kwesikhumba samaqabunga anesithunzi somthunzi. Kancane kancane amahlamvu afa.
Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, ukugcoba ngemithi ngaphambi kokubusika, ukufaka umquba, ukukhipha izindawo ezithathelwanayo nokuwashisa, ukuvikela okuqhubekayo ukulimala ngosizo ukwelashwa ngesixazululo se-lime noma i-vitriol.
I-Cytosporosis. Isifo se-Fungal (i-Cytospora schulzer). Ngaphansi kwethonya layo emagqumeni ama-apple, izilonda ezimnyama zakhiwa, zanda ngokushesha, ziholela ekufeni kwamagxolo namagatsha.
Isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa "Hom", vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuvimbela - ukugcoba ukugcoka kwamagxolo namagatsha ngaphambi ebusika.
Izithelo Rot - Isifo esasakazeke kakhulu esithinta isithelo. Ngenxa yalokho, inyama iba imfucumfucu emnyama, ingabheki, ayifanele ukusetshenziswa.
Ukuze ulwisane nalo, sebenzisa Isixazululo se-spray "Homa" ngesikhathi kwakhiwa amaqabunga nasemuva kokusabalalisa. Izithelo ezithintekile zivunwa futhi zishiswa.
Ukulawula izinambuzane ezibulala izinambuzane.
Izihlahla zezithelo, nama-apple akuzona okuhlukile, ngokuvamile zihlasela izinambuzane ezinambuzane, inhloso yokusebenzisa izitshalo zakho njengokudla kwazo.
Apple i-aphid, izibungu, amabhu, abenzi be-leaflet, ama-suckers, ama-tsvetoedy - nansi uhlu oluncane lwezinambuzane ozodingeka uzisebenze ngalo umzabalazo ozoqhubeka ukuvikela ingadi yakho nokuvuna.
Ukuze bahlangane, badinga ukuwa Qinisekisa ukuthi uyakhipha futhi ushise amaqabunga awile, njengoba izibungu ezinambuzane zibekezelela ubusika lapho.
Amagxolo wemithi aphathwa ngesisombululo se-nitrophene, karbofos, ithusi le-sulfate, i-bordeaux liquid.
Ezitolo zensimu kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezidakamizwa athuthukile ezilwa nezinambuzane.
Ekuphetheni, sibona izinzuzo nezinkinga ze-aple ezihlukahlukene zeDachnaya.
Izinzuzo zalo ubusika busika, ukunambitheka okuhle kwezithelo kanye nokuvunwa kwabo okuphakeme nokumelana nokukhwehlela. Izinkinga - isitoreji esifushane se-apula avuthiwe.
Buka ividiyo mayelana nokubunjwa kwezihlahla zezithelo - amagatsha emilenze.
