Squash Bangabomndeni wamathanga futhi bayimifino ye-shrub. Kungcono ukupheka izitsha ezivela ezitsheni ezincane ezifanayo ukunambitheka ku-zucchini. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-squash azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ziningi. Umehluko wabo oyinhloko ubonakala kuphela embala wezithelo kanye nesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Ukunambitha, zifana kakhulu. Atshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile, ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ngaphansi kwesitoreji sefilimu yesikhashana nasendaweni yokugcina izithombo.
Squash: incazelo yezitshalo
Squash - imifino yaminyaka yonke ebhekwa njengesihlobo somuthi ojwayelekile. Le mifino iye yaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Endle, akukwenzeka futhi kuyisitshalo se-hybrid. I-squash ayizithobeki, ngakho-ke uyakwazi ukuthela izithelo cishe noma yiziphi izimo zezulu.
Ngokunambitha, ukuthungwa nokubunjwa, izithelo ze-squash zifana kakhulu ne-zucchini, zihluke kakhulu ngokuma kwazo. I-Squash ibukeka njengenkanyezi noma imbali. Ngenxa yale fomu, ibizwa nangokuthi ithanga leplate. Izithelo ezindala ububanzi zingafinyelela ku-30 cm. Ziyisiphuzo kunazo zonke esikhathini sokufinyelela ku-10 cm. Izikhukhula ziphinde zakhiwe ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa; izinhlobo ezikhethekile zikhethiwe ngabo ngezithelo eziphuzi eziphuzi ne-orange.
Kuphela mayelana nendlela yokukhulisa u-squash ezweni, bayazi, mhlawumbe, hhayi bonke abalimi. Izitshalo zikhangwa ukuthi ukulima kwazo kuvela kumbewu. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ezishiywe imbewu, imbewu kumele isuswe, ihlanzwe futhi yomiswe ekamelweni elifudumele, eliphefumula kahle futhi likhanyiswa ukukhanya kwelanga.
Ukukhanyisa nokushisa
Udinga ukukhetha isakhiwo esilula kahle, ngoba isithunzi sinomthelela omubi ekuvuthweni kwesivuno esizayo. Ama-squashes kufanele ahlale elangeni. Uma unehlangothini olulodwa izitshalo ezihlukahlukene zensimu ezihlakaza imisebe yelanga futhi ungavumeli umoya udlule, khona-ke lokhu kuzoba nomthelela omuhle ngobuningi, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ngekhwalithi yesitshalo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi le ndawo ihlanganiswe kakhulu ngosuku.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Ukuqhaqhazeka uzizwe ukhululekile emhlabathini owunamafutha owomile nomhlabathi omnyama. Ukuze ungaphutha, kungcono ukhethe inhlabathi ene-neutral reaction. Ngomhlabathi omncane we-acidic, isibonelo, ungakwazi ukwengeza umuthi wokhuni. Ngokuba u-squash ubaluleke kakhulu enhlabathini. Izikhundla ezihola kulezi zidingo ziyimifuno ephilayo. Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu emhlabathini oye wakhiwa ekwindla, yigcwalise ngomquba ovuthiwe ovuthiwe ohlanganiswe namaminerali omanyolo.
Indlela yokulungiselela ukutshala isikwashi
Kulezo zindawo ze-suburban lapho kungabi khona isikhala samahhala, i-squash ingakhula ngeziqukathi ezilungiselelwe ezikhethekile. Ngekhwalithi yabo, ungasebenzisa izimbali zemifino enhle noma usebenzise inketho elula - izikhwama zepulasitiki ezijwayelekile.
Izici zokulungiselela inhlabathi
Kusuka kumphi umhlabathi ozohlwanyela imbewu ka-squash, kuxhomeke ukuthi hlobo luni lomanyolo luzosiza kakhulu. Kuphi i-peat nenhlabathi Imitha ngayinye yomhlaba enehlabathi enjalo kufanele ifakwe umanyolo we-2 kg womquba kanye nebhakede elilodwa lomhlaba we-sod. Umhlabathi udinga i-superphosphate kanye ne-potassium sulfate - amathisipuni amabili, kanye nomuthi wokhuni - izipuni ezimbili. Emva kwalokho udinga ukumba umdwebo cishe ububanzi obuyi-70 cm no-25 cm ububanzi.
Khona-ke lapho kudingeka udle ibhakede lesixazululo esifudumele esithi "Agricola-5". Uma umbhede ugcwele umquba, kufanele uhlanganiswe nefilimu ukuze ukukhuphuka komswakama kuyancipha futhi ukushisa kuyolondolozwa. Kuphi inhlabathi yobumba Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-patisson, inhlabathi kumele iqale ifakwe i-peat, i-humus ne-sawdust. Udinga futhi ukwengeza isipuni esisodwa se-superphosphate nama-tablespoons amabili e-ash ash. Umhlabathi weSand udinga ukutshala umhlabathi we-turf bese uphahla ngesilinganiso sebhakede elilodwa ngamamitha wesikwele. Bese-sawdust ne-humus ye-3 kg ngesikwele ngasinye.
Ama-fertilizer asele asetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okufanayo njengombumba wobumba. I-chernozem ecebileyo udinga ukuxuba ne-sawdust ngesamba se-2 kg ngomitha wendawo ngayinye yomhlabathi. I-Superphosphate ayisetshenziswanga ngesisombululo, kodwa ngo-powder, isipuni esisodwa ngesikwele. Izinkuni zokhuni - izipuni ezimbili ngomitha wesikwele. Ikakhulukazi kufanele ikhuliswe inhlabathi eyizintombi. Okokuqala, inhlabathi kufanele ihlanzwe kusukela ezimpandeni nezimpungushe zezinambuzane.
Ngemuva kwaloko, u-3 kg we-compost, i-isipuni eyodwa ye-nitrophosphate kanye namapuni amabili we-ash ash asetshenziswa kumitha ngayinye yezikwele. Okulandelayo, isayithi kufanele igujwe futhi ithululwe ngesisombululo se- "Agricola-5".
Kubalulekile! Ekupheleni kwalezi zenzakalo, umbhede kufanele ubanjwe ngaphansi kwefilimu cishe izinsuku ezinhlanu. Khona-ke ungaqala ukutshala imbewu ye-squash.
Ukulungiselela i-autumn
Kunemithetho eminingi yamathanga akhula. Okokuqala, umhlaba wokuhlwanyela udinga ukuphekwa kusukela ekwindla. Emva kwesitshalo sangaphambilini, kanye nezinsalela zayo zezitshalo, kususiwe, kukhululiwe ukuvumela ukhula lukhule. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, le ndawo idinga ukucwiliswa ku-25 cm ejulile futhi isuswe ukhula. Ngaphansi kokumba kwenhlabathi yenza u-10 kg wefriji ngamamitha ayi-square, kanye no-5 kg we-compost noma i-humus. Inhlabathi enamandla ifaka okuningi ngomanyolo ophilayo, futhi inhlabathi emincane ingaphansi.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-Spring
Ngentwasahlobo, inhlabathi elula ibuhlungu kakhulu futhi ikhululiwe kabili. Ukukhishwa kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngokwanele ka-15 cm, okwesibili - ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela - kakade ngo-10 cm, ukubhubhisa ukhula olukhuphukile. Ngaphansi kokumba ukufakwa "okuphilayo" kanye "namaminerali": kufika ku-6 kg we-humus noma umquba, 40 g we-superphosphate kanye no-25 g we-nitassium nitrate. Izitshalo zihlakazeka ngokulinganayo phezu kwendawo yonke futhi zingcwatshwa phansi kakhulu lapho zimba.
Ukucwiliswa kwemifula, imigwaqo kanye namagquma kumele kuhlelwe ezindaweni eziphansi. Ububanzi bezintaba kufanele kube imitha eyodwa, futhi ubude buyi-30 cm. Ama-crests ayenziwa emaphethelweni asenyakatho nasenyakatho aseningizimu. Ukuphakama kwawo akumelwe kudlule u-35 cm. Ibanga eliphakathi kwamagquma kufanele libe ngu-80 cm.
Uyazi? Amathishensi asiza ukubhekana nezinkinga zenhliziyo, isifo sofuba, i-anemia, i-catarrh, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukucindezeleka nezifo zezinso, isibindi kanye namathambo emathunjini.
Umanyolo womhlabathi kanye nokulungiselela imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala
I-squash, ukutshala nokunakekelwa okwenzeka emhlabathini ovulekile, ingahlwanyelwa izithombo futhi zingenambewu. Kodwa noma yikuphi indlela ekhethiwe, imbewu yabo kufanele ilungele ukutshala.
Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-scallops, udinga ukulungiselela ukulungiselela imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, okufaka izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ukushisa kwamahora amahlanu kuhhavini ku-50 ° C. Isidingo salokhu kuphakama kuphela ngenxa yalezi zimbewu, kuvela izimbali ezinsikazi eziningi, kamuva zihlinzeka nge-ovary. Enye indlela, kodwa isikhathi eside kunalokho ukufudumala imbewu ekhishwe kwikhadibhodi ebhethri ngesonto elilodwa.
- Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-squash emkhakheni we-1% we-manganese.
- Imbewu ehluma. Le nqubo ithatha izinsuku ezimbili.
- Ukulimala kuhilela ukubeka imbewu efrijini efolandeni elingaphansi kwamahora ayisithupha.
- Ukungena ezixazululweni ezivusa amadlingozi kuyindlela esheshayo yokulungiselela imbewu yokutshala. Abalimi abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukuba basebenzise ijusi le-aloe ngamanzi kule njongo. Ungathenga nokubunjwa okukhethekile: "Bud" no- "Energen", isibonelo. Ngemuva kokumisa imbewu kufanele ihlanzwe futhi ivumele ukuba baphumule izinsuku ezimbili ngaphansi kwe-gauze emanzi ku-23 ° C.
Indlela yokutshala u-squash nembewu
Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-patissons, qiniseka ukuthi inhlabathi elungiselelwe ukutshala ekwindla iyashisa kahle ekupheleni kukaMeyi kanti amaqhwa ngeke ahla. Sula inhlabathi ngesigcawu, susa ukhula, faka inombolo edingekayo yemibhede bese ugoba izimbobo 7 x 7 cm. Lokhu kuyisayizi enhle kakhulu okudingekayo ukuze izitshalo zingabi nkulu kakhulu futhi i-squash ayiboli.
Imbewu yokuhlwanyela kuya ekujuleni kwe-8 cm ezinqabeni eziningana kahle bese ufafaza umhlaba. Bese uthele ngobumnene futhi uhlanganise ubuso. Vala imibhede ngefilimu kuze kuvele amahlumela okuqala.
Izici ukunakekela izithombo
Uma usulele umbhede namathrekhi ensimini yakho, qaphela ukuthi lezo zitshalo ezihlwanyelwe emhlabathini zivuthiwe kancane kunalokho ezikhulile kusuka ezimbandeni. Uzalwe kahle lezo zitshalo ezitshalwe ngendlela yezithombo ezitsheni zokushisa noma ngaphansi kwefilimu. Uma kungekho isikhala esanele, khona-ke izithombo zingakhula ezinkalweni, izimbali noma izikhwama ezivamile zepulasitiki.
Indlela yokunakekela izithombo ze-squash
U-squash wanikeza isivuno sokuqala, udinga ukukhula izithombo. Imifino ezitshalweni izitshalwe eduze kwasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, imbewu emibili ezinkomishini ezincane zeplastiki. Baxuba ingxube ye-humus nezwe lehlathi ngezingqimba ezine-cm. Ukuhlwanyela kufakwa ngaphansi kwesibuko futhi kugcinwe kuze kuhlume ekushiseni kwama-30 ° C.
Lapho amahlumela okuqala eqothula, ingilazi kufanele isuswe, futhi izinga lokushisa kufanele lihliswe lifike ku-22 ° C emini kanye no-18 ° C ebusuku. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokudingekile, ngoba izithombo zingakwazi ukwelula phezulu, zisebenzise amandla amaningi ngokweqile. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo lwempande lungahle lukhule ngokuphelele, njengoba kwenza ama-cotyledon ashiya. Ngemva kwesonto, ungabuyela ekushiseni okudala.
Imithetho yokunakekela izithombo zika-squash isesimweni esifanele sokuswakama kwenhlabathi nokudla. Izithombo ezinsukwini eziyishumi kufanele zihlonywe ngesisombululo se-mullein ngokufaka ukukhipha ama-superphosphate. I-kilogram ye-manure yenkomo ihlanjululwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, i-15 g ye-superphosphate ichitheka ngamanzi ize ichithe ngokuphelele, ifaka usuku futhi ihlanganise konke. Uma kufika isikhathi sokutshala izithombo emhlabathini, ziphinde zondliwe ngesisombululo se-nitrophoska ngesilinganiso sama-50 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Imigomo nemithetho yokutshala izithombo endaweni evulekile
Ukuhlwanyela izithombo zama-patisson emhlabathini ovulekile kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho isimo sesimo sezulu singasabonakali izimanga ngendlela yobungqingili obungabhekwa ebusuku. Kodwa nokho isimo sezulu asikwazi ukuqaphelwa, ngakho izithombo ze-ray zimbozwa ifilimu ukuze zivikele. I-spanbond encane iyothola, lapho ungadingi khona ukwakha ifreyimu, kodwa imane uyibeka phezu kwezithombo. Kodwa kungcono ukuhlanganyela ekutshaleni u-squash ngenkathi intwasahlobo ekugcineni ithatha izinsolo ezandleni zayo futhi usongo lweqhwa seludlulile.
Uma isimo sezulu sishisa futhi sishisa, khona-ke emavikini amabili izimbali zokuqala zizovela. Khona-ke ukuvikelwa emahlathini okungenzeka kuyophazamisa kuphela impova kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-ovari. Izithombo ezilungiselelwe kahle futhi ezivuthiwe ezinamaqabunga amabili noma amathathu eqiniso asekhulile (okungukuthi, sekusele izinsuku ezingu-20-25 emva kokuhlwanyela imbewu) kufanelekile ukutshala.
Ukutshala izithombo kuhle kakhulu ekuseni noma emva kokushona kwelanga. Ngale ndlela, ukushaqeka ukuguqulwa okungazelelwe kwendawo yokuhlala kuzoncishiswa. Kumele batshalwe ndawonye nge-clod yodongwe yengilazi ibe yindawo ebumbwe ngodonga oluhlanganisiwe. Izithombo ngokushesha pritenite futhi uthele amanzi. I-squash idinga ukuhlala kude no-80 cm komunye nomunye. Ngakho izitshalo ngeke zikwazi ukuphazamisana futhi zizokhululeka ngokukhululekile elangeni.
Izimfihlo zokuklasa okukhulayo: kanjani ukunakekela lesi sitshalo?
Ukunakekela i-squash kulula futhi akuyona neze imithwalo. Umsebenzi ulula nakakhulu uma inhlabathi ikhule kahle futhi izithombo zitshalwe kahle emhlabathini. Into esemqoka ukuwasebenzisa kaningi, ukhula imibhede bese ususa ukhula olukhulayo njalo.
Kubalulekile! Ungavumeli izithelo ezisanda kuqalisa ukuthinta umhlabathi ukuze zingabhubhi. Amagatsha okubopha futhi uhlele izinsizakalo. Ungafakazela ibhodi.
Imithetho yokunisela
Ngenkathi izithombo zingakagcini ngokuphelele, zidinga ukuphuziswa njalo futhi ngokuningi. Ukunisela okuqinisekisiwe kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwezithelo ezisebenzayo. Amanzi kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela ahlukaniswe futhi afudumele (cishe ngo-25 ° C). Ukunisela kuyenziwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyisihlanu ngamathalitha angu-8 ngomitha wesikwele - lokhu kungaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali, futhi ngesikhathi sokuvuna nokubunjwa kwama-ovaries - amalitha ayi-10 ngesikwele ngasinye ngezinsuku ezintathu.
Amanzi kufanele athululelwe ngaphansi kwempande noma emgodini omncane owenziwe ngokukhethekile emhlabathini. Amanzi akufanele awele emaqabunga, izimbali, futhi ikakhulukazi ovary. Ukuchelela okunamandla kusiza ukuveza uhlelo lwempuphu ye-squash, ngakho-ke kumele kuvikelwe ngokungeza umquba phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo.
Uyazi? Ngenxa yobunjwa obungavamile bezintambo, abaqunywanga njengesikwashi, emaceleni amancane noma emasongweni alula, kodwa ahlukanise kahle phakathi nokugxila. Ukugcwaliswa kungaba yimuphi: sweet, imifino, amakhowe noma inyama.
Izinsisekelo zokudla abanikazi abasebenza ensimini
I-squash etshalwe phansi, ifakwe umanyolo kabili. Ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukuqhakaza, kudingeka badliwe 15 g we-superphosphate kabili, 20 g we-potassium sulfate nesilinganiso esifanayo samamonium sulfate. Uma umquba womzimba usondelene nawe, i-mullein, ihlanjululwa ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1:10, noma inkukhu yenkukhu - 1:20 iyoba yinto engcono kakhulu ye-squash.
