Igama lezinhlobonhlobo likhuluma ngokwalo; la ma-apula agcina ukunambitheka okumnandi nokuhlanza kuze ku-Ephreli.
Akumangalisi ukuthi babenqobile embukisweni wamazwe ngamazwe eJalimane.
Tshala i-apula ezihlukahlukene April engxenyeni enelanga yensimu, futhi izithelo zawo zizokuthokozisa ngezinhlangothi zabo ezibomvu, ezibomvu. Kuphela Ungakhohlwa ukumnakekela kahle. Khona-ke ungafunda incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, yikuphi ukunakekelwa kwe-apple ehlukahlukene e-April okudingekayo futhi ubone isithombe sesithelo.
Uhlobo luni?
U-Ephreli ubhekisela kuwo ebusika izinhlobo izindawo eziseningizimu yendawo ephakathi yenxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia.
Ukuphikiswa kwamaqanda ama-apple izihlahla akuzona ngaso sonke isikhathi okwanele. ngenxa yokukhula emgwaqeni ophakathi, lapho kunesibhakabhaka esinzima kakhulu izihlahla zingafisa kancane.
Izinhlobo zasebusika nazo ziyisikhumbuzo sempi, i-Isetsky sekwephuzile, uRennet Chernenko, iJoshua ne-Winter Beauty.
Ukuvota
Izihlahla ze-Apple ukuzimela. I-pollinator engcono kakhulu kulezi ezihlukahlukene: Rossoshanskoe Polosatoe, Northern Sinap, Cherry. Ukuze uthole impova ephumelelayo futhi uthole isivuno esihle, izihlahla ze-apula zitshalwe kude ayikho ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-50 ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Kunconywa ukuthi ube nesayithi okungenani ama-apple-tree amathathu ezinhlobonhlobo ze-intergum. Kukholelwa ukuthi impova ehlangene nempova yenza ukwanda kuqhathaniswe ne-pollinating impova emithini yemifino efanayo.
Incazelo ebangeni lika-Ephreli
Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala kwe-apula nezithelo zawo.
Izihlahla eziphezulu. Young umqhele apula pyramidal encane, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iba yinkimbinkimbi eyengeziwe, ukuma kwe-pyramidal eningi. Isihlalo sobukhosi asibukhulu. Amagatsha okubeletha ombala ombala obomvu, aqondiswe ngeso lengqondo. Amahlumela anombala omnyama we-cherry, obukhulu, ngamadolo, ngokushicilela kancane. On the amahlumela amancane amahlumela abonakalayo grey.
Amahlamvu ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amancane, ama-pubescent. Izinhlobonhlobo zibheke ngobukhulu obukhulu bamaqabunga, anesimo se-oblong nesiphakamiso esikhulu esiphezulu nesisekelo se-oval.
Emaphethelweni amaqabunga ayenama-bicuspid ngokubanzi, ama-clove ahlanzekile, ngezinye izikhathi ekugcineni kweqabunga emaphethelweni aphakanyiswa kancane. Ngokuvamile, ubuso beqabunga buhlala phansi, bugcwele imibimbi emihle ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwemithanjeni.
Kwezinye izimo, kunesisindo esincane. Emahlumela, amaqabunga amaqabunga aminyene, afana nesikhathi eside, afinyelela engeni lika 60-70º.
Amaqabunga aphansi esitsheni asemaceleni angu-90º. Ibhanoyi leqabunga liyaphambukela ekudutsheni, futhi amaqabunga aphansi ashiywe ahlobene ne-petiole. Leli qabunga linama-styevoid encane. I-Buds enkulu, i-pubescent enhle, ngesimo se-cone ekhululekile.
Izintambo zonyaka owodwa azifaki. Ezindaweni zokudlela, ama-apula aphakeme, anezinwele eziqondile ezinamacici amancane.
Izithelo usayizi omkhulu (isisindo sifinyelela ku-200 g), eziphathekayo noma ezizungezile. I-Ribing iyabonakala nakakhulu endaweni ephezulu.
I-saucer incane, kodwa ejulile. Ama-Sepals amancane, avulekile noma avuliwe ngokukhululekile. Umngcele uncane futhi uncane. Isiqu sinde futhi sinyene.
Inhliziyo inomumo we-anyanisi futhi igxotshelwe phezulu phezulu kwesithelo. Amakamelo amancane amancane atholakala phansi kwenhliziyo. Amakamelo avaliwe noma avuliwe emgodini we-axial.
I-axial cavity ngokwayo nayo incane. I-Podchashechnaya tube ngefomu le-cone ebanzi.
Ikhasi lesithelo libushelelezi futhi liyinkimbinkimbi. Umbala oyinhloko wama-apula uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Umbala omuhle kakhulu wokugqoka: umbala ogqamile, ogcwele umbala obomvu, ophethe ingxenye encane ye-apula futhi ubonakala ngakwesobunxele bezithelo.
Lapho izithelo zithola ngokukhanya, ukukhanya okukhanyayo; ejulile ku-apples paler yomqhele.
Pulp nge-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oily, kahle-grained futhi obunzima ngokuvumelana. Ama-apula alezi ezihlukahlukene I-juicy kakhulu, iphunga, enomusa omuhle omuncu futhi omuncu.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula nazo zingakujabulisa ngokuhle: I-Orlovsky iphayona, i-Ekranny, i-Bolshoy Narodnoe, i-Orlinka ne-Aromatny.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Isihlahla se-Apple ngo-Ephreli sitholiwe Isiteshi sesithelo seRossoshansky (manje isiteshi sokuhlola esiseRossoshansky Zonal), esakhiwe yi-hybridization yama-Rossoshansky nezinhlobo zaseMelika iMekintosh.
Umlobi wezinhlobonhlobo ungumfuyi odumile waseSoviet M. M. Ulyanischev. Ama-apula ezinhlobonhlobo zika-Ephreli anikezwe indondo yegolide I-International Erfurt Exhibition ngo-1969.
Isifunda esikhulayo
Ubhekene nezinhlobonhlobo zobunzima bebusika obuphakathi. Isifunda esikhulu esikhulayo Umdwebo weCentnozem Centralikakhulukazi evamile ezindaweni ezihlala eTambov naseVoronezh.
Ezindaweni eziPhakathi zezithelo zokuvuthwa ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezimbi kungenzeka kungabi nokushisa okwanele.
Isihlahla se-Apple ngo-Ephreli singakhula ezimweni Isifunda saseMoscow nasezindaweni ezingomakhelwane kodwa Ukuqina kwamaqanda ama-apula kunezansi lapha.
Ngokutshala kule ndawo, izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-apula zihle kakhulu: U-Idared, Gala, Winter Hrusovka, uStroevsky no-Sunny.
Ukuthela
Izihlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuphuza ukuphuza: isivuno sokuqala iminyaka engu-4-6. Isivuno sonyaka, isilinganiso. Ngokusho kolunye ulwazi (G.A. Lobanov, 1971), isihlahla sama-apple ka-Ephreli siningi varietal ezihlukahlukene futhi uye isivuno esiphakeme kakhulu.
Izihlahla ze-Apple ikakhulukazi zithela izithelo emagatsheni amakhulu omuthi nezithelo. Izithelo kuvuthwe yizinyanga eziyishumi zokugcina zikaSeptemba.
Ukugcina ama-apula asusiwe esihlahleni kanye nama-stalks, ezama Gwema ukulimala kesikhumba. Izithelo zihlelwa usayizi futhi zifakwe emabhokisini enkuni ezigcinwe emiphongolweni noma ngaphansi.
Ezimweni ezibandayo, ama-apula angagcinwa kuze ku-Ephreli ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka, okuchaza igama lezihlukahlukene.
Izitshalo eziphakeme zingaziqhayisa izinhlobo: Bogatyr, i-Bryansk igolide, i-Volzhanka, uJonathan noZavetny.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Apple ezihlukahlukene zithanda ukukhanya kwelanga, ngakho kufanele ukhethe izindawo ezinokukhanya okwanele zokutshala. Ukufika kuyenzeka entwasahlobo noma ekwindla ngokwemithetho ejwayelekile.
Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla ensimini kumele kube hhayi ngaphansi kuka-4-6 m futhi hhayi ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-50 ukuze impova ephumelelayo.
Ukuthenga izithombo kufanele kube ezindaweni zokuhlala, kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi i-apula ishintshelwe izimo zendawo.
Osemncane isithombo, kungcono. Kuhle uma umuthi ubanjwa ngesikhathi sokuthenga: ngale ndlela ungenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ukhulile kule ndawo.
Ngaphambi kokuthutha izimpande, zibophe nge-moss, indwangu ebomvu noma iphepha bese uwafaka ngokugqoka eplastiki ukuze ugcine umswakama. Uma uthenga isitifiketi esitsheni, sihlole kusukela ngezansi bese uqinisekisa ukuthi kunezimpande ezincane ezibonakalayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kwezihlahla ze-apula kakhulu inhlabathi engathandeki, engahlwanyelwe kahle enomsoco we-potassium nendaba ephilayo. Inhlabathi kufanele i-hydrated kahle. Isihlalo salesi sithombo sikulungiswe kusengaphambili.
Uma inhlabathi ivundile, izihlahla zitshalwe emigodini, futhi on loam, loam sandy, chernozem kwanele ukususa ungqimba phezulu komhlaba futhi wenze ukucindezeleka ka 15-20 cm.
Ngomhlabathi onesihlabathi kuzodingeka ukuthi ulungise omkhulu umgodi wesigcawu u-80 cm ojulile ufake kuwo i-moss ukugcina umswakama kanye nezakhibese umboza inhlabathi evundile.
Ukutshala izithombo ezikhiqizwa ngonyaka ozayo nakho kuyadingeka yenza umanyolo obuncithakalo obunzima.
Umanyolo we-Organic nawo usetshenziselwa inhlabathi enesihlabathi, enesihlabathi ne-podzolic. umquba noma umquba.
Khumbula ukuthi umanyolo wamaminerali kanye nomquba omusha awukwazi ukusetshenziswa ngqo ngesikhathi sokutshala, njengoba kungabangela ukushisa.
Ukugaya, i-peat, kanye nezindawo ezimanzi ezinamanzi angaphansi komhlaba okufakiwe akufanelekile izihlahla ze-apula. Kulezi zimo, intaba enkulu ikulungele ukufika.
Ukutshala izithombo eziqhutshwa ngesikhonkwane, esiqhutshwa phakathi nendawo yokutshala. Izimpande zenzalo zisakazeka ngokucophelela emgodleni futhi kancane kancane zifafazwe umhlaba. Kulula kakhulu ukukwenza ndawonye.
Ungahlwanyeli umuthi ngokujulile; lokhu kuzokwenza kube nzima ukukhula futhi kungaholela ekufeni. Intamo yentambo kufanele ibe khona ngo-3-5 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi.
Ngemuva kokutshala isithombo esivulekile ziboshelwe isikhonkwane. Kamuva, ngemva kokuba umhlabathi usuphelile, lo muthi uboshwe ngokucophelela, kungcono ngosizo lwamaphegi amathathu. Masinyane emva kokutshala umvuno kuyadingeka amanzi amaningi (1-2 amabhakede amanzi), ngisho nasesimvula sezulu. Ngalesi sizathu, emaphethelweni emibhobho yenza umgodi.
Izihlahla ze-Apple, ikakhulukazi ezincane, ziyadingeka badinga ukuchelela njalo. Ukuze ugcine ukuchitha umswakama ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi nge-sawdust, amagxolo, ubuningi noma ifilimu emnyama.
Izihlahla zomuthi we-apula wesihlahla Vula ukuvimbela ukushisa kwelanga.
Kakhulu kakhulu Kubalulekile ukuhlahla izihlahla njalo. Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokusika, amagatsha owomile kuphela asuswa: ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwendlala, ukulimaza kakhulu umuthi akuthandeki, ngoba ukuphuma kwiphuzi kungaholela ekomeni kwamagatsha.
Ukwenziwa komqhele kungcono ukuwa ekwindla emva kokuphela kwe-fruiting. Ngesikhathi sokuchitha izihlahla ezikwindla yokunciphisa nokunciphisa amagatsha. Amagatsha asomile asusiwe.
Sika ingxenye yamahlumela aphazamisana, alahle izingxenye ezinomzimba womqhele.
Umthetho ojwayelekile lapho usika izihlahla: ususe ukuncintisana ne-central trunk, amagatsha akhulayo ngokuhamba, eshiya enezingqimba. Izigaba zimboza i-pitch pitch.
Ukulutha ngokweqile ukudubula akunconywa, njengoba kubuhlungu umuthi futhi kuholela ekukhuleni okwandayo kwamahlumela amancane.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Eminyakeni emanzi yemifino ye-apula angakwazi ukukhwabanisa.
Ukuze uvimbele izifo, izihlahla kufanele zitshalwe ngokulingana komunye nomunye, ukuvimbela ukuqina komqhele. Amaqabunga agulayo kufanele asuswe masinyane futhi atshiswe.
Ukuze ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwesikhumba kusetshenziswe izidakamizwa ezikhethekile, ukupuniza I-Bordeaux ingxube. Kanye nezihlukahlukene fungicides sisebenzise ngempumelelo i-biologics yesizukulwane esisha "I-Healthy Garden", "Charm", "Zircon".
Bandisa ukwanda kwezitshalo ukuze zifakwe, kanye ne-powdery isikhutha, zivikele emelene nezilokazane futhi zingenabungozi kubantu.
Kunconyiwe gwema ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinamandla nezidakamizwa zamakhemikhali, eziningi zazo ezingavunyelwe ukusetshenziswa eduze kwezindlu, kufaka phakathi izakhiwo zasadini.
Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela izinambuzane ezivamile zezihlahla zezithelo ze-apula, njengezithelo zezithelo, i-apple moth, i-apple moth, ama-silkworms nama-haws.
Ngenxa yokulinganisela ubusika obusika, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zango-Ephreli zifaneleke kakhulu ukukhula ezindaweni eziseningizimu ye-Russia ephakathi.
Ama-apula alezi zinhlobonhlobo ahlonishwa ngokukhethekile ngenyama yawo enhle, ukunambitheka okuhle kanye nesethulo esihle, okuwuphawu oluphawulekayo lwazo zonke izinhlobo zeRossoshansky.
Enye inzuzo ka-Ephreli yinde impilo eshalofini yesithelo - kuze ku-Ephreli. Izinkinga zibandakanya ukuqala kokuphumula kokuvuthwa, ukuvunwa okulinganiselayo, kanye nokwehlisa ukukhwabanisa.
Buka ividiyo ngendlela yokwenza liquid Bordeaux.
