I-cherry encane enekhono elikhulu - uTamaris ezihlukahlukene

Kunzima ukuthola indlu yangasese eRussia, eduze nalapho bekungeke kube khona ingadi encane yemifino noma ingadi. Futhi umnikazi ngamunye wensimu enjalo ufuna ukugcwalisa le ndawo ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezithelo zezithelo.

Uma sikhumbula ukuthi isivuno se-cherry singesinye sezitshalo ezintathu ezihlonishwa kakhulu eRussia, singacabanga ngokucophelela ukuthi impumelelo yalezi zinhlobonhlobo ngeendlela eziqaphile kuzo kuqinisekiswa.

Inhlanganisela cishe ephelele yezindawo ezincane zasekhaya zaseRashiya - ukukhula okuphansi, ukuhlanganiswa nokuvunwa okuhle kakhulu - inikeza cherry tamaris, incazelo ephelele yezinhlobonhlobo, ukubuyekezwa nezeluleko ezivela kubalimi abanolwazi esikhathini esizayo kulesi sihloko.

Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa

Omunye wemingcele esemqoka ye-cherry njengesitshalo sezitshalo selokhu ikhona futhi ihlala isiphezulu sayo.

Abalimi abasebenza ekudalweni okusha ngaphansi Izitshalo zezithelo zivela ezintweni ezihambisana nezilwane ezifana nezihlahla.

Phakathi kokufaneleka kwabo isikhala esincane sithathwe esakhiweni (okukuvumela ukuthi ubeke izihlahla eziningi ensimini), ukunakekelwa okulula nokuvuna.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla eziphansi ze-cherry ngokuvamile zingcono kunabo "abafowabo" abade, zivumelaniswe nezimo zamanzi aphansi angaphansi komhlaba.

Omunye wabachwepheshe abangcono kakhulu odumile I-Russian-Research Research Institute yokuHlala nokuHlala. I.V. Michurin (Michurinsk, esifundeni saseTambov) sokususwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo zethusi ezinamakhaza, ezikhiqizayo nezinhlobo zasebusika ezihlukile, ngaphandle kokubona okuhle kwesithelo. umphenyi ophezulu lesi sikhungo Tamara Morozova. Nguye owaba umbhali kaTamaris. Isandla sakhe futhi singezinhlobonhlobo ze-dessert Morozova, i-Lebedyanskaya.

I-Cherry yaba yizihlobo "zabazali" zokuzalisa izindaba Umthengi omnyama. Ngenkathi yokukhethwa, imbewu yayo esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa yayiqhutshwe nge-chemical substance ethyleneimine (EI). Ukuhlushwa kwe-mutagenic ethylenimine kwaba ngu-0.005 kuphela kuphela.

Ngo-1994, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zafakwa kwirejistri yesifundazwe se-Russian Federation. Izindawo zokusatshalaliswa okukhethiwe zikhonjisiwe. Central Black Earth nasezindaweni zaseNyakatho Caucasus zaseRussia.

Kodwa ngesikhathi samanje, le cherry ayikho ngaphandle kwempumelelo ehlwanyelwe kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia.

Kulezi zifunda, bazizwa benempilo futhi banikeza izinhlobo ezifana neKharitonovskaya, eChernokorka, Fairy and Black Large.

Ukubukeka kwe-cherry uTamaris

I-cherry yohlu olucacisiwe lubonakala ngezibonakaliso ezilandelayo:

Isihlahla

Ngumuntu okhulayo ophansi. I-1.7-2 m phezulu Kuvame ukukhula kuya ekuphakameni okujwayelekile kwe-2.5 m.
Crown, amagatsha. Kukhona umqhele ogcwele, ohlangene owenziwe esihlahleni. Kubonakala ngezinga eliphakathi (ngezinye izikhathi eliphansi kunezinga) nokuphakama okuhlukile. Amagxolo phezu kwesiqu kanye namagatsha amakhulu anombala obomvu. Amagatsha e-Bouquet athela.

Amahlumela. Kukhona ubude obude kakhulu. Umbala - ikakhulukazi obomvu ngethusi elimnyama. On amahlumela inani elincane lentils lakhiwa. Amaqabunga akhula emahlumela asuke evulekile futhi asuke kancane ehlathini ngokwawo.

Amahlamvu. Izici ezihlukile - ububanzi obuvamile, ukutholakala emaphethelweni amazinyo e-bicuspid, ipuleti elibushelelezi.

Ubuso obukhanyayo bamaqabunga ngokuvamile bubala obumnyama obumnyama. Ukuhlukunyezwa akukwenzi.

Ngaphansi kweqabunga ngalinye, ama-glands amabili amnyama amnyama abonakalayo. Leli qabunga ligcinwe egatsheni ngezinga elifushane, eliphakathi.

I-Inflorescences Izimbali ezimhlophe zobukhulu obujwayelekile zifana nezitshalo ezincane. I-petal ngayinye ine-silhouette eyindilinga. Standard isikhathi sezimbali - sekwephuzile.

Izithelo

Kuhle izithelo ezinkulu nezikhulu (isilinganiso samabhere wesisindo kusuka ku-3.8 kuya ku-5 g) ukuma nxazonke nxazonke. Isiphetho sesithelo sishaywa phansi, isisekelo sibhalwe ukucindezeleka okuncane, esiswini esisodwa suture kancane.

I-Vianok, i-Lighthouse ne-Generous nayo ingaziqhayisa izithelo ezinkulu.

Ikhasi limibala elibomvu elibomvu (elibomvu)., izithelo zivela ezincane ezingenakubalwa zemidwebo encane yombala obomvu. Umbala ofanayo wenyamal has texture soft-soft nge ijusi amaningi.

Mayelana amathambo amakhulu umumo ojikelezayo kalula ohlukaniswe no-pulp. Ubamba isithelo ngobukhulu besilinganiso se-stem. Phakathi kwesitshalo kanye nesithelo ngokwawo kukhona uhlaka lokuhlukanisa.

Isithombe

Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene

UCherry Tamaris ungowesigaba self-fertile izithelo izitshalo. Ngenxa yokuphakama okulinganayo kwe-pistil (i-berry ivela kuyo) kanye neziqu, lapho i-pollen ekhulayo iqukethe khona, inqubo ye-ovary ye-fetus ezayo iyenzeka ngaphakathi kwembali elivaliwe (ehlathini).

Lesi sici sinomthelela ekwakhiweni kwama-ovarie akhiqizayo kanye nokugcinwa kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokuthuthukiswa kwazo.

Ukuzilimaza kukaTamaris kusho ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry ekwazi ukubopha izithelo ngaphandle kokubandakanya inqubo yokuvota impova yezintathu zokuvuna, kuphela ngenxa yokuzimela.

Abalimi abanolwazi bathi ukuvunwa okuvamile kwalolu hlobo kuyanda kakhulu ezimweni uma ezinye izitshalo zokuvuna zihlwanyela eduze kwayo - iTurgenevka, Zhukovskaya, Lyubskaya cherry izihlahla.

Endleleni, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ezihlukahlukene ezichazwe, ngenye ingxenye, i-pollinator yekhwalithi yezinye izinhlobo ze-cherry.

I-Volochaivka, Novella ne-Yenikeev Memories ziyizinhlobo ezizimele.

Ngokusho kokubona, isivuno sesihlahla esisodwa esijwayelekile siqala ukuthela izithelo iminyaka engu-2-4 yokuphila kwakhocishe 8-10 kg.

Ezimweni zomuzi waseMichurinsk - izwe lazo ezihlukahlukene iTamaris - ukuvuna kwalesi cherry ku-hektare elilodwa kungama-65-80 abaphakathi.

Izithelo ezinhle nazo ziboniswa yizinhlobo zeNadezhda, Shubinka, Uralskaya Rubinovaya noRossoshanskaya abamnyama.

Umkhiqizo omuhle uphakanyiswa, ikakhulukazi, ngenye impahla ebaluleke kakhulu yalesi cherry - ngempela ngokwemibandela yokuvuthwa kwayo.

Lokhu kusiza isitshalo ukugwema ukulimaza izithelo ezivela eziqhumeni, ezingokoqobo futhi ezivame kakhulu entwasahlobo. Amajikijolo ngokuvamile agcwele ukuvuthwa iminyaka eyishumi yesibili kaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.

Ngesikhathi izithelo ezivuthiwe zithathwa, kuba yisici salolu hlobo. ukunambitheka okumnandi nomuncu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubumnandi obukuyo namanje buphakeme kakhulu kune-asidi (kukholelwa ukuthi i-asidi isilinganiso).

Ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezinokwemvelo kwe-tamaris ezivuthiwe kanje:

Kumele futhi kuqashelwe izinga eliphezulu lokushisa ubusika obushuni lwayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula okuncane kwezihlahla kulezi ezihlukahlukene kuyindlela enhle yezindawo ezisezindaweni ezinomoya ovame ukuqina: amagatsha amancane ngaphansi kokuqhuma umoya okungajwayelekile.

Kulo lonke, i-cherry yaseTamaris iyinhlobonhlobo eguquguqukayo kakhulu emithonjeni yezulu nezomhlabathi waseRussia ephakathi.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo zebusika-eziqinile, umuntu kufanele anake uVyanok, uZhukovskaya noMorozovka.

Ukutshala nokunakekelwa

Ukuze umuthi walolu hlobo uhlakulele ngokujwayelekile esikhathini esizayo, kuhle futhi uthele njalo izithelo futhi ungalimazi, lapho usemncane kufanele utshalwe endaweni efanelekayo ehlangabezana nezidingo zobunjiniyela bezolimo.

Lezi zidingo zihlanganisa: inqwaba yokushisa kwelanga, ukufudumala okuhle kwendawo, ukubonakala okujulile kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kanye nokutholakala kokukhanya okukhanyayo, okuxekethile nomhlabathi.

Ukutshala cherry kwenziwa noma entwasahlobonoma ekwindla. Esimweni sokuqala, lokhu kufanele kwenzeke ngaphambi kokudalulwa kwezinso, okwesibili - kungakapheli u-Okthoba.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kuyakhethwa ngenxa yengozi yokuqothula insimu ekwindla, ngokuqala kwamaqhwa okuqala.

Kusukela ukuhluka kukaTamaris libhekisela ezitshalweni ezimbi, kufanele itshalwe ngendlela efana nezitshalo eziseduze hhayi ngaphansi kwamamitha amabili.

Ukutshala izithombo ezithwalwe emgodini wokufika, ukujula nobubanzi obungaba ngu-50 cm.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, zonke izimpande zesitshalo kumele zilungele ngokuphelele futhi zikhululeke kahle emgodini otholwe kahle.

Ngemuva kokuba umgodi usubhalwe, ingxube ye i-humus, i-superphosphate (40 g), i-potassium chloride (20-25 g) ne-ash ash (cishe ngo-1 kg).

Endabeni yokuqukethwe okuphezulu ngobumba emhlabathini, ibhakede elilodwa lomhlabathi ovamile lomfula lithululwa emgodini.

Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuthi ulungiselele isipiliyoni ngokwawo, ikakhulukazi izimpande. Uma benenqubo ewonakele ngokucacile, kumele baqedwe. Izimpande ezomile kufanele Qiniseka ukuthi ungena emanzini, uchithe okungenani amahora angu-2-3.

Masinyane ngaphambi kokufika phakathi nendawo ye-fossa ukushayela emgodini wezinkuni, lapho, kamuva, ukuzinza okukhulu, isihlahla esincane, hhayi esiqinile sizoboshwa.

Izithombo kufanele zifakwe emgodini, ziqondise ngokucophelela uhlelo lwempande. Umgqomo kumele ube ngaphakathi ngokuqondile, ohlangothini olusenyakatho wegundane eliphakathi.

Umgodi onomsila osungulwe kuwo, umhlabathi owawubanjwe ngaphambilini futhi uxubekile, ugcwele ngenani elincane lomanyolo.

Inhlabathi engaphansi kwesiqu i-tamped kahle, futhi engxenyeni engama-50 cm kusukela esihlahleni yenza i-roller yebumba. Ngakho umbhoshongo wakhiwa Thela amabhakede amabili amanzi abandayo nabangaphambi kokulungisa.

Ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi akukho ukukhuphuka okusheshayo komswakama futhi akukho ukuqhekeka kwenhlabathi, unyawo lwesithombo selugcwele Uhlaka olungama-2 cm we-compost noma i-sawdust mulch.

Ukunakekelwa kokuhlukahluka kweTamaris kusezingeni elivamile lemisebenzi yezinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry - ejwayelekile ukuphuza ngezikhathi ezithile ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukufaka umquba kanye nokusika izihlahla.

Potash phosphate umquba ngokuvamile wengeze ngesikhathi ekwindla ekwindla.

Entwasahlobo ngaphansi kwesihlahla cherry nendima nitrogen umquba.

Umanyolo we-Organic (umquba, umquba) owethulwe okungenani kanye eminyakeni emithathu.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngesimo mullein nomlotha yenza kabili ngesizini - ngesikhatsi samasonto amabili nambili emva kokuqhakaza izitshalo.

Akufanele sikhohlwe ngokusika izihlahla njalo (ukunciphisa). Uma kwenzeka uTamaris okhululekile, kuyadingeka, ngoba amagatsha ngaphansi komthwalo wokuvunwa okuhle angaphula.

Uma udinga ukuhluka okungazitholi ngokuphelele kwensimu yakho, qaphela uVolochaevka, i-Moscow Griot ne-Toys.

Buka ividiyo ngencazelo egcwele yemithetho yokuhlobisa ama cherry.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Ukugwema ukulimala okungenzeka kumagxolo ngamagundane ebusika, izinkuni kufanele zivikelwe kusengaphambili. Noma ubani angenza lokhu. impahla enesibindi, ehlanganiswe itafula lomuthi kusihlwa ebusika.

Kumele futhi kuqashelwe ukuphikiswa okuphakeme kakhulu kulezi ezihlukahlukene kwi-fungal disease coccomycosis. Izinhlobonhlobo ezifana neNkosana, i-Minx, i-Ashinskaya, i-Fairy ziphikisana nalesi sifo.

UTamaris uyisihlahla esincane se-cherry esinamandla amakhulu.

Yiqiniso, ngaphandle komsebenzi womuntu - enenkani kodwa ejabule - cishe akunakwenzeka ukumtshengisa.

Ukukhokha okufanelekile kuyo yonke imizamo kuyoba injabulo ukuthi izithelo zayo zinikeza.