Phakathi kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry kunzima kakhulu ukuhamba futhi ukhethe umuthi omuhle wesayithi lakho.
Okokuqala, qaphela ubunzima bebusika, ukuzala, ukukhiqiza izinhlobo kanye nokuphikisana kwazo nezifo ezinkulu ze-cherry.
Kuncane futhi engavamile cherry ezihlukahlukene Lighthouse. Uzothola ukuthi yini ephawulekayo mayelana ne-cherry lighthouse nokuthi ngabe kufanelekile ukutshala kuleli lizwe, incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe eziqhubekayo kulesi sihloko.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Lokhu kwavela kulokhu kuhambisane nenqubo yokwenza umsebenzi ophuthumayo ekuhambeni kwempoqo yezithombo eziningana zaminyaka yonke Michurin izinhlobo ze cherry.
Izinhlobonhlobo zindlu eSverdlovsk (manje eyiYekaterinburg). Abalimi beziteshi zokulima bahileleka ekuzaleni: S.V. Zhukov noN.I. Gvozdyukova.
I-lighthouse yanikezwa ngo-1974 esifundazweni saseMiddle Volga, kodwa yasakazeka ngokushesha kulo lonke elaseRussia ephakathi.
Ngenxa yokumelana nokuqina kwama-frost, lezi zihlukahlukene nazo zikhule Izizwe zaseBaltic naseBelarus. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, i-lighthouse yayisetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zokulima.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zeVolochaevka, Chokoladnitsa naseLyubskaya nazo zibonisa ubumnandi obubusika obuhle.
Ukubonakala kwe-cherry lighthouse
Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala komuthi nezithelo zawo.
Isihlahla
I-Cherry ehlukahlukene i-Beacon iy isitshalo esincane esincane esitshala nomqhele ongavamile oval, hhayi ekhula ngaphezu kuka-2 m. Amafihlethi abukhali, amancane, hhayi eduze kwamahlumela.
Amaqabunga ayamaqanda, ahlangene kakhulu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ayenamabala, amathiphu abukhali namazinyo amahle emaphethelweni.
Izimbali zimhlophe, zikhula ngama-inflorescences wezingcezu ezingu-3 ngasinye futhi ziyaqhakaza kakhulu, ngasekuqaleni kuka-Juni. Amakhemikhali ayaphilile. Khula ikakhulukazi emahlathini amasha, ngonyaka.
Izihlahla nazo i-cherries ephanayo, eMoscow iGriot noZhukovskaya.
Izithelo
Amajikijolo akhulu kakhulu, enesisindo esingama-4-6 amagremu, obomvu obomvu, obunzima, obheke phansi kancane ohlangothini lwezingcingo. Inyama ibomvu eliqhakazile, enamanzi amaningi, enomusa omuhle kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu zingaziqhayisa ezinjalo izinhlobo zePodbelskaya, iVyanok neMorozova Dessert.
Okuqukethwe ushukela ezitshalweni kuphezulu futhi i-acidity iphansi. Ithemba liyi-oval, elibanzi, elibomvu elikhanyayo, elihlukaniswe kalula kalula no-pulp.
Lighthouse - ibanga lonke. Kufanelwe kahle kokubili ukusetshenziswa okusha kanye nokubilisa ukuqubuzela, ukuphoqa noma ukufisa. Amajikijolo alezi zinhlobonhlobo ane ukunambitheka okukhulu kwe-dessert nokubukeka okuhle.
Isithombe
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
I-beacon iqala ukuthela izithelo kakade 3-4 ngonyaka emva kokuduka. Isihlahla siphelile, sinakekelwa ngendlela efanele isivuno esihle ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu.
Amajikijolo uvuthwe ngesikhathi esifanayofuthi le nqubo iyenzeka kusukela ekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Izithelo azikwazi ukuphazamiseka, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zingaphahlazeka. Ngakho-ke isivuno sivuna njengoba sesivuthwa.
Ezingxenyeni eziphakathi, isivuno salezi zihlukahlukene sihle kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa esidala singaqoqwa cishe 10-15 kg amajikijolo. Ezimweni ezifudumele nezitshalo kuzoba ngaphezulu.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezifana neBlack Large, iChernokorka, i-Uralskaya Rubinovaya no-Rossoshanskaya Black zinezivuno eziphezulu.
Ukushisa kwebusika e-Beacon nakho akukubi. Ibekezelela ama-frost kuya -30-35 C. Kodwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi ahluma futhi amahlumela angase afakwe. Izinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela isomiso eside.
I-Cherry Lighthouse - ibanga elithile le-samoplodny.
Ukuze isivuno esiphezulu sinconywe ukutshala ngokulandelayo izinhlobo ezidingekayo ukuze kutholakale impova: Nizhnekamsk, Toiler of Tartary, Shakirovskaya.
Kuzo zonke lezi zinzuzo, kunezinkinga eziningi. Ezingeni eliphezulu lokumisa umswakama ngokuvamile ezithintekayo izithelo zokubola kanye ne-coccomycosis.
Kulezi zinambuzane, ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke eMeak is sawfly omncane kanye ne-cherry aphid. Kodwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ukucubungula ngesikhathi nokusika, lezi zinkinga zingancishiswa.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ngenxa yokuthi i-lighthouse ayiyona ebusika kakhulu-i-hardiness, indawo yokufika ikhethwa efudumele, ekhanyayo futhi evikelwe kahle emoyeni.
Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nokukhanya, igcwele kahle, sandy noma loamy.
Akunakwenzeka ukutshala lezi zinhlobonhlobo eziqhingini, nasezindaweni ezinesimo esiseduze samanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyadingeka ukuba utshale izinhlobo ezintathu zempova, kuyilapho ubheka ngokucophelela Uhlelo lokufika: 2 * 2.5 m.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala sihlobo. Inhlabathi kufanele ifudumele kahle. Lime isayithi ekhethiwe kufanele kube ukuwa. Ngalokhu ungayisebenzisa umlotha okhuni, cishe ama-500-600 amagremu ngayinye imitha yesikwele.
Ukulungiselela umhlabathi okuyisisekelo nakho kwenziwa ekwindla, kodwa kungakapheli amasonto amabili emva kokukhipha imali.
Umhlaba awukujule kakhulu (ku-bayonet wefosholo), ukukhetha utshani bese ufaka ama-15-20 kg we-humus, amagremu angu-100 we-superphosphate nama-50 amagremu we-potassium sulfate ngamitha-skwele ngayinye. m
Ngemva kwalokho, qhubeka nokulungiswa kwezimbobo zokutshala. Zibambe kuya ekujuleni kwama-40-50 cm kanye nobubanzi obungaba ngu-70 cm. Gcwalisa umgodi ngenhlanganisela kusuka kumanus, umlotha, umanyolo wamaminerali (potassium sulfate ne superphosphate) kanye nengqimba engenhla yomhlaba.
Shayela isikhonkwane emgodini ngamunye bese ubeka isithombo, ngenkathi ezama ukungajulisi intamo impande. Umhlabathi uphonswe phansi, umgodi ojulile wenziwa futhi ibhange elincane lomhlabathi lakhiwe nxazonke. Emva kokutshala ngaphansi kwesihlahla esithululiwe ibhakede lamanzi kanye ne-mulch eyomile humus.
Naphezu kokumelana nesomiso esiphakeme, izitshalo ezincane zidinga amanzi okungenani izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngesizini.
Ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye, inhlabathi ikhululiwe ngokucophelela futhi ifafazwe ngendwangu ebanzi yamatchki. Akufanele sikhohlwe ngokususwa kokhula kumbuthano we-pristvolnom.
Ngonyaka wesibili nonyaka olandelayo kulezi zinqubo ukondla kanye nokwelapha okuvimbela izifo kuyanezelwa.
Ukugqoka kokuqala kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ne-nitrogen fertilizer.
Ekwindla, bamba phansi emhlabathini futhi bafeze izingubo eziphezulu ze-potash-phosphorus.
Izihlahla ezincane ziphuziswa ekuqaleni kuka-Juni, 2 amabhakede esitshalweni. Ama-cherries e-Fruiting ayaphuza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, ezingekho kuka-20 amalitha ehlathini ngalinye.
Imvamisa yokunisela incike esimweni sezulu kanye nomswakama womhlabathi. I-Beacon ehlukahlukene ayithandi amanzi, futhi kuyadingeka ukuyiphuzisa njengoba kudingeka.
Ukudubula kwenziwa kuphela entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvuvukala kwezinso. I-cherry spray yakudala akumele ibe namagatsha ayisithupha angama-8-12.
Leli banga, zijwayele ukukhula nokuqina kwehlathi, ngakho-ke ukusika kufanele kube ukususa amagatsha engeziwe nokukhula kwezimpande. Kodwa kungenjalo kungamnciphisa amahlumela wonyaka.
Ngokuqondene nezihlahla zokuvuselela, kuyenziwa Eminyakeni engu-10-12 emva kokufika. Susa wonke amagatsha omisiwe, anezifo noma amaqhwa.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Cherry Lighthouse okuvame ukuthinteka yi-coccomycosis kanye nezithelo zokubola. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukuvimbela lezi zifo eziyingozi.
Ngaphezu kwezifo, izinambuzane ziyingozi enkulu kulezi ezihlukahlukene: sawfly omncane kanye ne-aphid.
Coccomycosis - isifo esiyingozi kakhulu fungal for cherries. Kubonakala ekubukeni kwezindawo ezibomvu ezincane ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zamaqabunga.
Zikhula ngokushesha futhi zimboze amaqabunga namahlumela, bese kuthi amajikijolo.
Amaqabunga abathintekile asomile futhi aphume. Uma isikhathi singaqali ukwelashwa, lesi sitshalo sizobuthakathaka futhi singabe sisaphila ebusika. Kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukutholakala kwalesi sifo.
Njengesilinganiso sokuvikela ungazama ekwindla. spray isihlahla esinomanyolo okhululekile we-nitrogen, uqiniseke ukuthi awufinyeleli ezimpandeni. Wonke amagatsha kanye namahlumela abathintekile, kanye namaqabunga awile asuswe futhi ashiswa.
Ukusika isikhathi kunciphisa ingozi yezifo. Uma ungakwazi ukugwema i-coccomycosis, bese uchitha ukwelashwa nge-fungicides ekhethekile.
Ukuphikisana ne coccomycosis yiPodbelskaya, Kharitonovskaya noMinx.
Izithelo Rot kubangela ukuba kungabi nakalimaza. Ngokungafani ne-coccomicosis, lesi sifo sithinta amajikijolo kuphela. Iqala ngokubonakala kwezindawo ezincane ezikhula ngokushesha futhi ziholele ezitshalweni ezibola.
Uma kubonakala lesi sifo, wonke amajikijolo avuthiwe asuswe futhi ashiswa. Ngemuva kokuvuna i-shrub iphethwe 1% i-Bordeaux ingxube. Ungasebenzisa isiphumu se-oxychloride ngaphambi nangemva kokusabalalisa.
Cherry sawfly
Ukuze ulwisane nalo, sebenzisa okuhlukile izinambuzane ("Iskra-M" noma "Kinmiks"). Akungaphezu kwama-2 amalitha esisombululo samanzi ehlathini.
I-Cherry aphid Iphinde idle i-cherry leaf juice, kodwa ibonakala ekuqaleni kwephuphu lokuphuza. Lezi zinambuzane zihlambalaza emagatsheni nasezihlathini zesitshalo.
Ukuqeda ama-aphid sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifanayo njengokulwa ne-sawfly.
"Spark" isetshenziswe ekuqaleni kweqabunga likhula, futhi "amaKinmiks" - emva kokuchichima. Lungisa isisombululo ngokuya emiyalweni bese uchitha cishe amalitha amathathu ehlathini.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry I-Beacon inezinzuzo eziningi, kodwa futhi nezinkinga eziningi.
Izinzuzo zalolu hlobo zihlanganisa:
- izithelo ezinkulu;
- isivuno esihle;
- ukuqina kwesihlahla;
- ukunambitheka kakhulu amajikijolo;
- ukubekezelelana kwesomiso;
- ukuzakhela ngokwengxenye.
Ukuhlaselwa yi:
- hhayi high hardiness ebusika;
- ukuthambekela kokunciphisa izithelo zokubola kanye ne-coccomycosis;
- ukutholakala ekuhlaselweni kwezinambuzane.
Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-cherry Lighthouse zifaneleke kakhulu kokubili izingadi zezimboni nezimboni.
Kubalulekile ukwenza ukucubungula, ukusika izihlahla kanye nokufaka umquba.
Kulesi simo, ithuba lokuhlangana nezifo nezinambuzane lizobe lincane.
