Umoya wentwasahlobo ugcwele iphunga lama-primroses. Ama-Crocuses, njengama-beacon anemibala ehlukahlukene emhlabeni, anqotshwe kancane ngemuva kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, akwenze kucace ukuthi imvelo izophila ngokushesha futhi ijabulise abantu ngenkani yemibala. Abalimi abaningi abaqala ukutshala lezi zimbali zasentwasahlobo, kepha hhayi bonke abaye babona imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Le ndatshana izodingida ukuthi izingwenya ziziphatha kanjani ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, ukuthi yini okufanele ziyenze ngokulandelayo nomnikazi. Ungamba nini ama-bulbs nokuthi ungagcina kanjani izinto zokutshala.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile ngesitshalo se-crocus
Igama lalesi sitshalo livela olimini lwesiLatin. Igama lakhe lesibili yi-safroni. I-Garden crocus ingeyofuzo uSaffron, umndeni u-Iris (Iridaceae), i-oda i-Asparagaceae (Asparagales). Uhlobo lunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-80.
I-Crocuses ehlathini
ICrocus umuthi ongapheli oqhakaza entwasahlobo noma ekwindla.
I-anyanisi yesitshalo imbozwe esikalini, iyindilinga noma ithambile kancane, inobubanzi obude bufika ku-3 cm, nohlelo lwempande oluyi-fibrous. Amacembe ama-Basal futhi, imvamisa, kukhula imbali eyodwa kuwo (kwesinye isikhathi kuvela izimbali ezi-2-3).
Ngombala, ama-crocuses ahlukaniswe ama-yellow-flowered (izithunzi kusuka kokhilimu-omhlophe kuya ku-orange ogqamile) kanye-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (kusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kofihlaza obumnyama). Kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona ama-albino nezimbali ezinemithambo emhlophe.
Ezimpondweni zasendle, isafroni likhula ezimfundeni ezinezintaba, emahlathini, ezintabeni zaseCentral nase-Asia Minor, eningizimu nasenkabeni yeYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe!Iziqhaza ezomisiwe zezimbali zisetshenziswa njengesipayisi se-Asia, cuisine yaseMedithera nanjengoDayi ophuzi wemvelo koshizi abawenziwe ekhaya, ibhotela, notshwala.
Ukutshala kweCrocus: izici
Lesi sitshalo sikhula sobabili emhlabathini ovulekile, ngokwesibonelo, engadini, futhi ngaphakathi ezindlini.
Izici Ezikhulayo:
- Kutshalwe ezindaweni ezinokhanyayo, kuma-verandas, kumakhakhamela, kepha hhayi ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo futhi ngaphandle kokusalungiswa.
- Inhlabathi kufanelekile ukungathathi hlangothi, ukukhanya, ukukhululeka, ukutholakala kahle komswakama. Inketho enhle kakhulu i-loamy noma isihlabathi. Ngomhlaba osindayo, ukuhambisa amanzi kwenziwa ukuze kugwenywe ukutheleleka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ngezifo zokukhunta.
- Ama-Crocuses awakhethi ngokudla komhlabathi. Kepha ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuqhakaza, kuyadingeka umquba we-phosphorus kanye ne-potassium.
- Isitshalo siyabekezelela isomiso. Ukuchelela kaningi kuthinta kabi izimbali.
Izimbali ebhodweni
Kubalulekile!Ukuze kube nezimbali eziningi, ama-crocuses asentwasahlobo atshalwa ngo-Okthoba, kanye nama-crocuses ekwindla ngo-Agasti.
Isikhathi esifanele sokukhetha ama
Kwanele kokuncoma izimbali, abalimi baqala ukuba nentshisekelo kulo mbuzo: izingwenya sezifiphele, uzokwenzani ngokulandelayo? Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi yizitshalo ezingamelana nesithwathwa, ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile azimbiwa futhi zitshalwe kabusha iminyaka engama-3-5. Ngalesi sikhathi, u-anyanisi ongumama ugcotshwa ngezimali ezingaphansi kwezingu-10 izingcezu.
Kepha kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa isikhathi lapho ukuhambisa khona izingcingo endaweni entsha kumane kudingekile.
Ukunaka! Ama-Crocuses akhula endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside ayakwazi ukuwohloka: nezilimo eziyizigaxa ziyagula, zibole, izimbali ziba ezingandile futhi zincane.
Amacala achazwa lapho kunconywa ukuthi kuklwe phansi izingwenya kanye ngonyaka:
- ezifundeni ezinobusika obubandayo ukuze zivikele ekuqandeni;
- ukuvimbela ukwanda kwezifo;
- ukuze uthole izinto zokutshala ezisencane.
Isimo sezulu sokuhlanza
Isikhathi sokudalwa kwezitshalo zasekwindla nguJuni-Agasti, ukulungiselela zona zasentwasahlobo - Julayi-Septhemba. Kuqala lapho amaqabunga imbali elele emhlabathini, ajike aphuzi bese avele kalula.
Lesi yisikhathi esiphumelela kunazo zonke lapho kufaneleka khona ukukhipha izingwenya ngemuva kokuqhakaza ngokufakelwa, ukusabalalisa nokubeka nezilimo eziyizigaxa zokugcina.
Usuku olomile nolupholile lufanele lolu hlobo lomsebenzi.
Inqubo yokumba izingwenya
Lungiselela yokusungula:
- i-pitchfork;
- ucezwana lwe-polyethylene noma i-tarpaulin;
- amasekela;
- ibhokisi lepulasitiki;
- amagilavu asendlini.
Abese enza kanjena:
- Ngasohlangothini lwezihlahla ze-crocus, isiqephu sefilimu esilungiselelwe sisakazeka emhlabathini.
- Ebangeni elingama-cm cm ukusuka esihlahleni, ama-pitchforks aqhutshwa ekujuleni konke okungenzeka bese ibhola elisuselwa kubumba likhishwe kwifilimu.
- Uchobozekile ngobunono futhi wonke amabhungane akhishwa.
- Bahlanzwa umhlaba ngesandla noma basebenzise umfula wamanzi. Izimpande zinqunywe ngokucophelela ngama-secateurs.
- I-anyanisi ifakwa ebhokisini, idluliselwe endaweni enomthunzi bese yomiswa, ibekwe endaweni eyisicaba engxenyeni eyodwa.
Inkinga yokuthi ungamba kanjani izinto zokutshala ukuze udlulise izingwenya usombululiwe.
Ukumba izingwenya
Yini izingwenya ezidinga ukumba ekwindla: izinhlobo
Kule sizini kubalwa isigaba sokuqhakaza samakhaza asekwindla. Izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo cishe azaziwa kubalimi be-amateur. Nazi ezinye zazo:
- UCrocus Sharoyan unama-peals aphuzi kalamula. Iqhakaza engxenyeni yesibili kaSepthemba.
- Ukuhlwanyela - ama-peduncle amakhulu ansomi. Ama-stigmas awo anamakha ayomile futhi asetshenziswa njengesipayisi. Iqhakaza ngoSepthemba nango-Okthoba.
- Okuhle kungenye yezinhlobo zokuqala ezinde. Blooms ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba ngezimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe noma ze-lilac.
- Izimbali ezinde - zinombala ohlukile, ukuhlukahluka sekwephuzile, isigaba sezimbali ngoNovemba.
- Okuhle - kukhanya izimbali ezinkulu ezimpunga, zakha esihlahleni esisodwa ama-inflorescence ama-5-10 izingcezu. Chaza ngo-Okthoba.
- I-Kholmovoy - imhlophe encane, ivela ngoSepthemba.
- I-Banat - izimbali ze-lilac zifana nesimo se-iris. Ijabulisa iso ngokuqhakaza kwalo ngo-Septhemba wonke.
Ungazilungiselela kanjani kahle izingwenya zokuzigcina
Misa u-anyanisi endaweni epholile yomthunzi yosuku.
Ngemuva kwalokho hlola ngokucophelela ukuze uthole ukulimala kwemishini nge-pitchfork, insect, i-rodent, kanye nokuba khona kobumba, izifo, izilonda.
Ingaphezulu kufanele lome, ngaphandle kwama-blakes exakesating, amabala, umbala ofanayo.
Izinga eliphansi, elonakalisiwe - yenqaba futhi uchithe. Ama-anyanisi anempilo, acinene amakhulu ahlanzekile - aphathwa nge-phytosporin noma i-raster potassium permanganate ekhanyayo bese ehlanganiswa ngokusho kwamamaki wokugcina.
Ungayigcina kanjani ekhaya
Umoya osegumbini lapho okwakhiwe khona izinto zokutshala kufanele ube musha, upholile. Izinga lokushisa lilingana ne- + 15 ... +18 ° C phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokulondolozwa.
Isitoreji sika-anyanisi emakhabetheni
Okwe-crocuses asentwasahlobo, isikhathi sokuphumula nesokugcina singuJulayi-Septhemba, kanti nangamakhosi asekwindla nguJuni-Julayi.
Izingwenya zangaphakathi kanye nalezo zokuthambisa umoya zigcinwa kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, bagcina umbuso wokushisa ophansi - + 10 ... +13 °C. Zitshalwa izinyanga ezingama-2,5 ngaphambi kwesikhathi sezimbali ezifiselekayo.
Imithetho yokubeka ebalulekile ngaphambi kokudlulisa izingwenya:
- izinga lokushisa lomoya alikho ngaphezulu kuka + 18 ° С futhi hhayi ngaphansi kuka-0 ° С;
- indawo eyomile, enomoya omuhle;
- ayinakubekwa ezikhwameni zepulasitiki, zifafazwe ngobuningi noma zifakwe ezingxenyeni eziningana esitsheni esisodwa.
Ukunaka! Esikhathini sezulu esibandayo, u-anyanisi ugcinwa kuvulandi ocatshisiwe ekushiseni komoya okungekho ngaphansi kuka-18 ° C futhi kungabi ngaphansi kuka-0 ° C.
Efanele amakhadibhodi, amakhreyithi enziwe ngokhuni epulasitiki anezimbobo zokupholisa umoya, iziqukathi eziphansi ezibanzi ezinengqimba yenhlabathi enesihlabathi kanye ne-drainage futhi enezimbobo ezansi, isitolo se-nylon noma isikhwama se-mesh, udoti weqanda lephepha.
Ama-Crocuses we-distillation abekwa emashalofini angaphansi komhlaba noma emapulangeni, lapho izinga lokushisa lingakhuphuki ngaphezu kuka + 10 ... +15 ° С. Sebenzisa ukupakisha okufanayo nesitoreji kuvulandi. Uma izinduku zivakashela engaphansi, khona-ke izinto zokutshala zihlanganiswa ungqimba olulodwa zibe yingilazi encane, amathini ezinsimbi bese embozwe ngesembozo esineminyango evulekile.
Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, uma kungekho sisekelo, u-anyanisi ngamunye ugoqwa ngephephandaba noma iphepha eliwugqinsi bese ubekwa emashalofini aphansi noma emakhabetheni esiqandisi. Iziqukathi, amabhodwe anezingwenya kunqunywa lapho, kuze kufike isikhathi sokutshala.
Ukwelashwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni
Izinambuzane nezifo eziphambili kwethulwa etafuleni:
| Pest, isifo | Indlela yokulwa |
| Amagundane | Musa ukushiya izinqwaba zotshani, amaqabunga lapho izinduku zakha izidleke emibhedeni yezitshalo. Yenza isithiyo emhlabathini kusuka ebhodleleni lepulasitiki elizungeze isihlahla. Phindisela i-ultrasound. |
| Ama-scoops wesikhukhamba | Zikhethele zisuka enhlabathini lapho zikhula isiza. |
| Ama-Wireworms | Yenza umgibe: bambe umgodi emhlabathini, uthele amakhambi kuwo, uthele kuwo amanzi bese umboza umgodi ngebhodi. Ama-wireworms ashelelelela ekudleni nasekushiseni. Lolu tshani, kanye nama-wireworms okuzoshisa. Ukususa ngokuphelele inkathazo, udinga ukwenza izicupho kaningana. |
| Slug | Thenga ithuluzi elikhethekile lokulawula izinambuzane, ufafaze isiza sokufika ngesihlabathi esimnandi. |
| Ama-aphid | Phatha izinto zokutshala ngomuthi okhethekile, iKarbofos. |
| Izifo ezingamagciwane nezikhunta (i-grey rot, i-fusarium, i-chlorosis) | Hlukanisa futhi uchithe u-anyanisi onesifo. Yilwa nezifo zemithi endaweni: ama-aphid, ama-thrips, imikhaza. Galela inhlabathi ngamanyolo we-nitrogen-phosphorus ngesikhathi. |
I-anyanisi ebolile nenempilo
Kubalulekile!Ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinempilo ezigulini, ziphathwa ngomlotha wezinkuni. Ngaphambi kokudlulisa ama-crocuses, ama-tubers afakwa ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi, noma isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate.
Umonakalo wezinambuzane ngenkathi ugcina
Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuba khona kwezimbali, ukulimala nezifo kuhlolwa njalo ngenyanga. Izinto zokutshala ezilimele ziyalahlwa ngokushesha.
Okuyingozi kakhulu ngamagundane: amagundane, amagundane. Ukungena kwabo egumbini elin anyanisi akwamukeleki. Ukwahlukaniswa ngokuphelele kwamagundane kungatholwa uma ama-tubers afakwa engilazini yengilazi noma yensimbi futhi embozwe ngamabhodwe anezimbobo zokufaka umoya omncane.
Ukukhathazeka ngekhwalithi kanye nokulondolozwa kwezinto zokutshala kuyisihluthulelo sokuqhakaza okumangalisayo kwezingwenya. Ngeke kuthathe isikhathi esiningi, kepha kuzonikeza izinyanga eziningi zenjabulo yobuhle kuwo wonke umndeni.
