I-Leningrad Oblast yindawo engasenyakatho lapho izithelo zetshe zingalinywa khona.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, ungathatha kuphela izinhlobo ezikhethekile ezihloselwe ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho.
Lesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-plums ezifanele ukutshala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga, kanye nama-nuances omuthi wokunakekelwa.
Izinhlobo ezingcono kakhulu esifundeni saseLeningrad
Esifundazweni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga, kufaka phakathi isifunda saseLeningrad, sashintshwa kanje izinhlobo ze-plums:
- "Alenushka". Ibanga le-samobeplodny elivuthiwe. Kuyinto imithi ekhulayo, ekhula ngamamitha angu-2-2.5. Izithelo zinkulu (30-35 g), i-spherical, ebomvu embala, ithambo lithatha kabi. I-pollinators - izinhlobo zamaplamu aseShayina ne-cherry plum. Ubuthakathaka bezinhlobonhlobo - amaqabunga namahlumela amancane avame ukuthinteka ama-aphid.
- "Ibhola Elibomvu". I-skull yokuqala evuthiwe. Ukuvuthwa kuqala kuqala eminyakeni engama 2-3 emva kokutshala. Umuthi uphakathi, cishe u-2.5 metres high. Izithelo ziyindilinga, ezinkulu (cishe u-40 g), zibomvu ngombala nge-bloom bluish. Amatshe ahlukanisa kanzima. Ezihlukahlukene zibhekene nokuqina okuhle kwebusika kanye nokuzivikela komzimba ku-asthenopiasis.
- "Ipulazi eliqoqiwe laseRenklod". Ifomu elide eliphansi lokuzimela. Izithelo ziphakathi, cishe 25 g, okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezithelo ezivuthiwe ithambo lihlukanisa kahle. Umuthi ukhulu kakhulu. Ukumelana nomkhuhlane, ukuphakama okukhulu, ukumelana nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
- "Skoroplodna". Ukuvuthwa kwe-samobesplodnaya yasekuqaleni. Umuthi uphansi. Izithelo - ezisezingeni elimnandi, elimnandi, eliphakathi (20-25 g), elinesikhumba esibomvu esibomvu. Ukumelana ne-frost kanye nokukhiqizwa kuhle, ukumelana nezifo kuhlobene.
- "Tula black". Ifomu elide eliphansi lokuzimela. Umuthi uphansi. Izithelo - eziphakathi (23-25 g), i-oval, ne-blue blue, cishe isikhumba esimnyama. Amatshe asuka kude emaspini. Ukuqina kwe-Frost nezitshalo eziphakeme.
Uyazi? Mhlawumbe, umphambili wezilwane zasendlini (Prunus domestica) wasukuma ngenxa yophiko lwama-cherry kanye namameva awela.
Lapho ukutshala khona kusayithi
Zonke izinhlobonhlobo ezisenyakatho ze-plums zihlwanyelwa kahle phezulu kwezintanjeni, zikhetha inhlabathi evundiwe. Kulesi simo, kunconywa ukuba ukhethe izindawo ezifudumele, ezikhanyisiwe zishisa ilanga, zivikelwe emimoyeni ebandayo, enesitoreji samanzi angaphansi kwamamitha amabili.
Kubalulekile! Awukwazi ukutshala iplamu ezindaweni eziphansi, lapho amanzi eqoqa khona, futhi ebusika inqwaba yeqhwa iqoqwa.
Ikhwalithi yomhlabathi idlala indima ebalulekile: kungcono ukukhetha izindawo ezivundile ngokubunjwa okulula, ngendwangu engaphansi komhlaba enesihlabathi noma enesihlabathi.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo ezinhle uma uthenga
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo yisikhathi esibucayi lapho kuxhomeke khona ukuthi umuthi uzothatha kanjani izimpande nokuthi ngabe uzothela izithelo.
Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela lemithetho elandelayo:
- isithombo kumele sibe nezimpande ezingu-3-5. Umgogodla kumele ube okungenani u-25 cm ubude;
- Izinto zokutshala zingahlanganiswa futhi zithathwe ngokwabo. Ukhetho lokugcina lungcono, ngoba amahlumela anjalo angakwazi ukululama uma kwenzeka kukhanda;
- izinhlobo zizenzele futhi zithembe. Ukugcina ukuvuna kuzodinga omakhelwane abafanele;
- kungcono ukuthenga izinto zokutshala ezikhungweni ezikhethekile. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuthenga izithombo emakethe;
- Kungcono ukuthenga izihlahla ezineminyaka engama-2-3;
- izimpande kufanele zibe mahhala isikhunta, ama-putrid amamaki nomonakalo;
- ibhayili akufanele ivalwe. Shtamb Smooth - isibonakaliso sembewu enempilo;
- i-crust kufanele iphelele, ngaphandle kwama-frostbite, ukushisa nokunye ukulimala.
Uyazi? INdlovukazi u-Elizabeth iqala ukudla kwasekuseni ngamapulazi amabili.
Indlela yokutshala
I-Plum ayithathwa njengesitshalo esingenasisekelo, kepha imithetho ethile yokutshala ikhona.
Isikhathi
Abalimi abaningi baphikisana ngokuthi ungakwazi ukutshala iplamu ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Kodwa, uma sicabanga ukuthi amapulazi ayizihlahla ezithisa ukushisa, isikhathi esihle sokutshala sisekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga ahlume, izinsuku ezingu-3-5 emva kokuba umhlaba ususwe ngokuphelele.
Uma uhlela ukutshala isinamathela ekwindla, kufanele kwenziwe okungenani izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 ngaphambi kweqhwa.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Indawo yokutshala amapulazi kumele ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili amasonto ambalwa. Okokuqala, inhlabathi engaphansi kwamamitha amabili ukusuka endaweni ehlosiwe yokufika isetshenziswe ngokucophelela, isuswe ukhula, ifakwe umanyolo. 
Okulandelayo, ukumba umgodi, umhlabathi ogodiwe uhlanganiswe nama-humus, ukhuni lomuthi futhi uthele phansi.
Kubalulekile! Akunakwenzeka ukuthulula umanyolo ngqo emgodini ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula kwamagatsha - bangashisa izimpande, okuzoholela ekufeni kwesithombo.
Inqubo yokuhambisa isinyathelo
I-plunge kahle kufanele isondele 50-60 cm ejulile no-80-90 cm ububanzi.
Kuyehlukahluka okukhethiwe, ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla ezizayo lizohluka. Ngokubanzi, ukusabalalisa imiqhele, ibanga elingamamitha angaba ngu-3 liyadingeka, kanti izihlahla ezinemiqhele encane, 1.5 amamitha ngokwanele. Uma izihlahla zifakwa emigqeni embalwa, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe ngamamitha angu-4-4.5. 
Phendela ukutshala ubanjwe amasonto amabili. Ngokushesha, ukusekela i-garter kuqhutshelwa kuyo, mhlawumbe kusukela ohlangothini olusenyakatho wesihlahla esizayo, futhi ibanga elivela esigxotsheni kuya ensimini kufanele libe ngu-15 cm.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuhlanganiswe emgodini (amaminerali noma ama-humus). Ingxube yomsoco ixubene nenhlabathi futhi ishiye isikhashana, ukuze inhlabathi ihlelwe.
Uyazi? E-England, ama-plums ayathandeka kangangokuthi abiza ngokuthi izikhungo ezihlukahlukene. Futhi ibha eyintandokazi kaW. W. Churchill yayiyi "Yellow Plum" - "Yellow Plum".
Ngaphambi kokutshala phansi komgodi, bathululela umhlaba entabeni, bafake isithombo kuso futhi ngokulinganayo baqondise izimpande. Bese bahlanganiswa nenhlabathi. Phakathi nenqubo, insimu iqhutshwa kancane kancane ukuze igweme ukwakheka kwesikhala esingenalutho, futhi umhlaba usatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo. Ukuthambisa okukhanyayo kuyamukeleka.
Ividiyo: isibonelo sokutshala ipulazi le-plum esikhwameni
I-sapling akufanele ijuliswe - intamo impande kufanele ibe yi-3-4 cm ephakeme kunomhlabathi. Uma inhlabathi isethelwe, umuthi uzothola ezisezingeni nomhlabathi.
Ngemuva kokuba isihlahla sesitshalwe kakade, isiqu siboshwe ekusekeleni. Kumele kwenziwe ngendlela yokuthi i-garter ayinakulimaza i-plum amagxolo emva kwalokho: kungcono ukhethe izinto ezipholile (intambo ye-hemp, i-twine e-elastic, njll).
Ekupheleni kokutshala, isithombo siphuziswa, kanti indawo eseduzane nayo ihlanganiswe ne-sawdust noma i-peat.
Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-agronomic approach "mulching muling".
Indlela yokunakekela
Ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa emthini, futhi uma ufanelekile ukuzinakekela, kungcono ukugcoba kuzokuzwa futhi kukubonge ngesivuno esivulekile.
Ukunisela
Nakuba iplamu ayithandi umswakama obumnyama, kungokwezihlahla ezithande umswakama. Ukumisa kuyingozi kakhulu kulo muthi kuneqhwa. 
Esikhathini esishisayo, umuthi uphuziswa njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-5-7 ngesilinganiso sezingu-4 zamanzi ezincane namabhakede ayisithupha omuthi ovuthiwe.
Kubalulekile! Uma izithelo ziqhekeka, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuntuleka kobumswakama, kanti uma iphothi ifa futhi amaqabunga ephuzi, lokhu kungaphezulu kokuswakama.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Cishe isabela ngokushesha lapho kungekho khona izakhi ezidingekayo: uma kunesithakazelo se-nitrogen, amathiphu amaqabunga aphuzi, uma kukhona ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus, aphendukile, futhi uma kunesifo se-potassium, aphendulela obomvu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho inhlabathi igcwele i-nitrogen, amahlumela ayayeka ukukhula, angenaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa futhi afakwe kancane.
Yingakho izakhi zenziwa ngezigaba:
- Lapho ufika. Emgodini bathululela umhlaba ohlanganiswe ne-15 kg yama-humus noma umquba, 0.5 kg we-superphosphate, 100 g we-potassium chloride (1 kg wezinkuni zokhuni ingasuswa).
- Ngonyaka wokuqala wemanyolo okwanele ngesikhathi sokutshala. Iminyaka engama-3 ezayo entwasahlobo ikhulelwa i-urea (20 g ngalinye nge-1 sq. Meter).
- Ngemuva kokuba umuthi ungene esigabeni se-fruiting, unyaka ngamunye unomanyolo (ngalunye u-1 sq. M wendawo yehlathi): 10 kg we-manure (umquba), 25 g we-urea, 30 g we-superphosphate, u-0.2 kg wezinkuni.
- Ngesikhathi se-fruiting egcwele, ama-fertilizer e-organic aphindwe kabili, futhi ama-fertilizer amaminerali asele ezinxenyeni ezifanayo. Entwasahlobo, benza i-urea, umquba noma ama-humus, nase-phosphate nase-potash.
Ngemuva kokufaka umquba, bawugubha umhlaba ngamasentimitha angama-15. Eduze nesiqu, ukujula kunciphile ukuze kungalimazi izimpande.
Uyazi? Uhlobo oluthandwa kakhulu yi-plum yasekhaya. Namuhla kuthatha 90% yazo zonke izitshalo zeplamu.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala ehlobo kuzodingeka silwe nokhula, njalo sikhulule umhlabathi ojikeleze isiqu ngokucindezeleka okuncane futhi uthele ama-humus noma peat (ngebhakede esihlahleni). Abaningi ukulawula umquba wokhula umhlabathi nge-sawdust (ungqimba - 10-15 cm) ngaphakathi kwendawo engama-1-1,2 m.
Lapho lesi sihlahla sikhula (esingaphezu kweminyaka emibili), isihlahla somuthi singaphathwa nge-herbicide. Ngaphambi kokucubungula, susa ukukhula kwezimpande. Ukubulala udoti kunomthelela esimweni esingenamoya esomile futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izidakamizwa aziwa phezu kwesiqu kanye namaqabunga.
Funda futhi ngezinhlobo zokubulala ukhula ukuvikela izitshalo kusuka kokhula.
Amagatsha nezihlahla
I-thinning yokuqala ye-plums yenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ungenayo isikhathi sokunciphisa isikhathi esinqunyiwe, kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngenqubo yentwasahlobo ezayo. 
Umdwebo wokubunjwa komqhele wamapulangwe Ekuqaleni, amagatsha ama-5-6 ama-squelettes ayedwa, bese agcinwa.
Funda imithetho evamile yokusika izihlahla entwasahlobo.
Eminyakeni elandelayo, iplamu iyadingeka kuphela ukusika izihlahla:
- ukususwa kwamagatsha angaphakathi ngaphakathi nokukhula;
- ukusika amahlumela abonakalisiwe kanye namaqhwa.
Lapho umuthi ufinyelela eminyakeni yobudala, kumele uthathwe ukuze ugcine amandla okukhula kwamagatsha. 
Ukutshala iplamu eveza izithelo Ngaphezu kwalokho, entwasahlobo futhi ngezikhathi eziningana phezu kwehlobo, amahlumela okumpande kufanele asuswe ngaphakathi kwendawo engamamitha amathathu, ngoba, uma ekhuliswa kakhulu, iplamu izobangela ukuphazamiseka okuningi. Noma kunjalo, izingane zichitha isitshalo somama futhi zithinte ukukhiqizwa kwayo. Amahlumela asusiwe ngokumba uphahla oluphezulu endaweni lapho umntwana eshiya khona uhlelo lwempande, futhi nje azinqamule.
Funda futhi mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwe-plum cuttings: ukuvuna, ukuvuthwa kwemithi, ukutshala nokunakekelwa.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Izihlahla ezincane zilungiselelwe ngokucophelela ubusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekwindla, izindawo eziseduzane zigcwele utshani, futhi ebusika zihlala ziqhwaqhaqhazela iqhwa futhi zithuthumele emagatsheni, zizama ukuziqothula ngokuphelele.
Kubalulekile! Esikhundleni sokukhula kwamaplamu akufanele siqongelele ngaphezu kwe-50-60 cm yeqhwa.
Ngendawo ekhethiwe kahle kanye nokuqondiswa okusemandleni, eminyakeni eminingana isihlahla sizojabula ngokuvuna okuhle kakhulu. Futhi uzokwazi ukudla izithelo ezihlwabusayo futhi ezinempilo kokubili ehlobo nasebusika, ujabulela i-jam ne-compotes ye-plums.
