Isifo esivamile samagqabha siyi-rust pear. Izimpawu, ukwelashwa, izindlela zokuvimbela

Ukugqwala - Lesi yisifo esivame kakhulu samaqabunga, okuvela kulo lonke leli phepha.

Ukulimaza esihlahleni, kubangela kakhulu futhi kungathinteki kuphela amapareya, kodwa futhi i-apula, i-quince kanye nezinye izitshalo eziningi zezithelo.

Ukubonakala kwembuthane kulula ukubona. Kubalulekile ukuthola izifo zeqabunga ngesikhathi bese uqala ukwelashwa kokugqwala, kanti i-pear kanye nesitshalo kuzosindiswa, futhi ukugqwala kuyonqotshwa.

Uma ubhekene nesifo esinjengokugqwala ephayini futhi ungazi ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyadingeka yini kulesi sifo, khona-ke kulesi sihloko uzothola ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zokulawula okudingeka uzithathe kunokuphulukisa nokuphambanisa.

Iyini ukugqwala kwe-pear?

Isibungu se-pear - Leli fungus elisakaza izinhlamvu, ukwelashwa nokulawulwa kwazo kunzima kakhulu, esihlokweni uzobona izithombe zalesi sifo emaqabunga.

It ikakhulukazi kuthinta amaqabunga, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi amahlumela ngisho nesithelo pear. Okuyinhloko othwala lesi sifo ungumjunipha. Njalo nguye owokuqala ozwa ukugqwala.

Ngomjunipha, i-rust ibonakala ngendlela yamahlumela aphuzi aphuzi, lapho i-fungus enobungozi ikhula khona.

Ikhethelo elihle eliphakathi kwe-pear lizoba ukungabi khona kwenani lemijunipha, kanti ukugqwala akuyona into embi.

Kodwa lokhu akunjalo njalo, ngoba umjunipha ungakhula endaweni eseduze. Okulandelayo uzobona izithombe zesifo se-pear "i-rust" - lokhu kuzosiza ukuqaphela lesi sifo ngezimpawu zangaphandle.

Isithombe

Ukuqaphela kanjani ingozi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

Izimpawu

Izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo zivele emaqabunga epeyari kakade ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Phezu kwamaqabunga, amabala amancane-obomvu afaka emngceleni ophuzi.

Ziyakhula masinyane, zibe mnyama futhi zimbozwe ngama-gray stains afana nokubunjwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uma lesi sifo singelashwa, sibonakala ngemuva kwamacembe ukukhula okuvuthiwe, ngesimo sezinaliti ezincane ezinama-conical.

Zinezinhlamvu ze-fungus, okuyinto phinda uphinde ulalele umjunipha nawo wonke ama-apula nama-pears akhula eduze.

Amaqabunga abathintekile aphelile futhi maduzane awe.

Umuthi ongenawo amaqabunga unamandla kakhulu; ukunciphisa umzimbafuthi uma kungenjalo ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, it uyeke ukuthela izithelo futhi angase afe.

Ngezinye izikhathi ugundane luthinta amahlumela, amagatsha nezithelo zepeyari. Amahlumela abathintekile kakhulu akwazi ukukhula, ukukhukhumeza, agubungelwe amabala abomvu nephuzi futhi aphume.

Ngokunqotshwa okubuthakathaka, amagxolo emagatsheni kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-trunk. Ungasiza kanjani ikhasi?

Ukwelapha

Abalimi abaningi, emva kokuthola isifo ngopeni ensimini yabo, bafuna izimpendulo zemibuzo: Yiziphi izinyathelo zokulwa? Indlela yokwelapha nokufiphala?

Ngokushesha ungaphendula ukuthi ukukhipha isifo sepeyari kunzima kakhulu, kodwa lapha uzothola wonke amathiphu nezindlela zomzabalazo.

Umjunipha uqala ukuhluma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngosizo lokulungiselela okukhethekile: Saprole (triforin). Yenza lezo zindlela zonke izinsuku ezingu-7-9.

Izifo ze-pear ezinjengesiko, ukugqwala, isikhutha se-powdery ziphathwa nge-fungicidal systemic.

Ukwelashwa kwamapare kusuka ekugqibeni ekwindla emva kwamaqabunga ewa ngokuphelele noma entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqale ukuvuvukala, kwenziwa ngesisombululo sika-5% se-urea ngokupuniza.

I-fungicides inqubo ye-pear njalo, okungenani izikhathi ezingu-4-5 ngonyaka ngamunye.

Ukwelashwa kokuqala nganoma imuphi umuthi sebenzisa ukuvuvukala kwezinso.

Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, umuthi ungaphathwa nge-1% ye-Bordeaux ingxube noma i-oxychloride yethusi.

Lezokwelapha zenziwa kangcono ekushiseni okuhle okusezingeni eliphansi futhi elomile.

Ukusifiphaza kwesibili kwenziwa ekuqaleni kokuqala kwezimbali, okwesithathu - ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, okwesine - emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10.

Usizo oluhle ekulwa nokugqwala izidakamizwa ezinjalo:
I-Kuproksat (ithusi sulfate) isetshenziswa okungenani izikhathi ezine ngonyaka, kanye ne-Bordeaux ingxube (50 ml ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi).

I-sulfur yama-colloidal isetshenziswa izikhathi ezingu-5 ngonyaka ngamunye: ngaphambi kwamapheshana, ngaphambi kokuzimbali, emva kokuchichima, ngenkathi kwakhiwa izithelo emva kokuwa kweqabunga (40 amagremu ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi).

I-Poliram futhi ihlangabezana nezibonakaliso zokugqwala. Ukucubungula kwenziwa okungenani izikhathi ezingu-4.

Okokuqala - ekuqaleni kokuvuvukala kwezinso, okwesibili - ekwakheni amafihledi, okwesithathu - ngemuva kokuqhakaza, futhi wesine - ngezithelo ezincane ezikhulayo.

Kulokhu, ukupomfa kokugcina akumele kwenziwe ngaphambi kwezinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kokuvuna (2 amagremu ebhakede ngalinye lamanzi).

Isheshayo i-fungicide yendawo yonke esiza ukuqeda hhayi kuphela imfucuza, kodwa futhi i-scab kanye nezinye izifo ezingathandeki zepeyari. Zenziwa okungenani izikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka: ngaphambi kwamapheshana, ngaphambi kokuzimbali kanye nangemva. Lesi sidakamizwa sisebenza izinsuku ezingu-20 (2 ml ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi).

Bayleton (triadimefon) - I-fungicide enhle yokuphulukisa, isetshenziswe ngezikhathi eziyisi-5-6 ngezikhathi ezithile (10 amagremu ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi).

Ukucubungula kokuqala okungenzeka kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuqala kokugula. Okwesibili futhi ezalandela, ngekhefu lamaviki angu-2-4.

Ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi wonke amahlumela kanye namagatsha ahlotshaniswayo anqunywa, athola ama-5-10 cm wezicubu ezinempilo.

Amathuluzi okunquma kufanele asuswe ngokuphelele utshwala, futhi amaphuzu aqunyiwe kufanele aphathwe nge-sulphate yethusi futhi ahlanganiswe ngophuzo.

Ekwindla, emva kokuwa kwawo wonke amaqabunga, njalo njalo fafaza i-pear ngesisombululo esinamandla se-urea (700 g ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi).

Umhlabathi ozungeza umuthi uhlala ukhululiwe, ukhula futhi ugujwa ubusika. Ungakhohlwa isingeniso esifike ngesikhathi samaminerali e-phosphate-potassium nokuhlanza njalo kwamaqabunga awile. Kodwa kusukela ekusetshenzisweni komanyolo we-nitrogen kungcono ukugwema. Uma kunethuba elinjalo, kungcono ukususa umjunipha okhulayo eduze, noma uzame ukuvikela ipheya kuwo.

Abanye balimi basebenzisa amakhambi omuntu ekwelapheni kokugqwala. Okufanayo i-infusion ye-wood ash (500 grams ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi) kanye nokwehliswa kwe-slurry. Kodwa-ke, lezo zindlela aziletha imiphumela ebonakalayo, futhi zifanele kuphela njengezinyathelo zokuvimbela.

Funda ngezinye izifo ongayithola engadini yakho: //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, I-Cancer Bacterial Grape, i-Anthracnose, i-Chlorosis, i-Bacteriosis, i-Burn Burn of Pear.

Ukuvimbela

Iphuzu elibaluleke kunazo zonke ekuvikeleni isihlahla ekugqibeni ukubeka izithombo eziphakathi kwezilwane eziphakathi kwezilwane.

Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, leli peyari lihlukaniswe nabo ngokusebenzisa uhla oluphakeme noma isikrini esikhethekile.

Njalo udinga ngesikhathi esifanele ukusika izihlahla. Ukuhlanza amaqabunga awile, hlakulela inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla.

Ukufiphala okuvimbelayo kwenziwa nge-1% ye-Bordeaux ingxube noma noma yikuphi ukulungiswa okunezethusi okungenani izikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka ngamunye.

Ukucubungula kokuqala eyenziwa ngaphambi kwamagatsha okuqala, okwesibili - emva kokusila, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-12-14 - okwesithathu. Uma leli peyari alinamathele esikhaleni futhi liphathwa ngokumelene nalesi sifo, khona-ke akukho ukupompa okungeziwe okulwa nokugqwala okwenziwe.

Lapho izimpawu zokuqala zokugqwala zivela emgqeni okhulayo womjunipha, uphinde uphathwe ngokucophelela futhi wonke amagatsha abonakalisiwe aphethwe.

Izinhlobo eziphikisayo

Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zasehlotsheni ze-pear ezingamelana nokugqwala: Ngokushesha, Williams, Ilyinka, Sugar, Bere Giffard, Chizhovskaya.

Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-autumn ezinqabile zingacatshangwa: I-Bere Bosk, i-Autumn Deck, i-Borovinka Red.

Izinhlobo zasebusika azivame ukuthinteka ukugqwala: UBere Liguel, sekwephuzile iBelarusian, Yakovlevskaya, Nika.

Ukuze uvimbele ukubukeka kwesibindi kusayithi, kubalulekile ukugcina izimo ezithile: ukuvikela i-pear emphakathini nomjunipha noma ezinye iziqu, uhlabe njalo futhi ugeze umuthi, uwenze nge-fungicides ukuze uvikeleke.

Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokuvikelwa okwesikhashana kwesihlahla, umonakalo wokugqwala ungagwenywa. Noma yisiphi isifo kungcono ukuvimbela kunokwelapha. Futhi esimweni sokugqwala - ngisho nangaphezulu.

Ukubhekana nalo kunzima kakhulu., ngisho nangemva kokuphulukiswa okuphelele kwesihlahla, kuyaqhubeka nokuqhutshwa ngamandla iminyaka eminingana.

Buka ividiyo mayelana ne-rust on pear.