Ukulima

Kungani isikhumba sibonakala emagilebhisi nendlela yokubhekana nalesi sifo?

Ukwelashwa kwemivini yamagilebhisi ngomunwe kungonakalisa sonke isitshalo, ngakho-ke i-fungus eyingozi iyasakazwa ngentshiseko.

Kodwa izindlela zokwelashwa zanamuhla zikwazi ukuvikela ngisho nezinhlobo ezibhekene nezifo.

Izimpawu zesikhutha emagilebhisi

Emahlamvu:
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zesikhutha: izindawo ezibonakalayo eziphuzi noma ezibomvu emaqabunga amagilebhisi avela, ebonakalayo enamafutha. Emaqabunga amancane, afana nobukhulu bephenny, abukeka njengemibuthano, endala, ama-patches angangelwayo yi-fungus elula emithanjeni.

Ngemuva kwesikhathi, i-mycelium ivela ngendlela ye-cannon emhlophe ngemuva kwezindawo ezingcolile.

Kancane kancane amaqabunga aphethwe yi-curl, i-curl.

Amagama afanayo okuthiwa isikhutha ngamagilebhisi angama-downy powdery isikhutha samagilebhisi, i-Plasmopara Viticola, iPlasmopara viticola Berl. kanye ne-Toni, isikhutha, kanye nokushintsha kwegama lokubhala: isikhutha, isikhutha

Ezingxenyeni:
Ama-inflorescences athola ukuphuza okungenampilo. Amabhulashini aphepheziwe, aphendule obomvu. Ayitholanga eyomile.

Izithelo eziye zahlula ukuphakama usayizi we-pea, kodwa zingakabi nobumnandi obuhle, ziba nombala obomvu, bese ziphenduka zibomvu futhi zibukeke njengebhola elikhukhumezekile ngemibono ebonakalayo.

I-Mycelium isithuthukisiwe kahle kuzo zonke izingxenye zomvini.

Isithombe

Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi, kubonakala sengathi amagilebhisi angaba esithombeni ngezansi:

Futhi isithombe esilandelayo sichaza ngokuningiliziwe umjikelezo wokusakazwa kwe-mildy mildew:

Izimbangela zesifo

Hlela - isifo esesabekayo, esasakazeka ngokushesha sezivini zaseYurophu.

Ikhula ngenxa yefungus I-Plasmopar Viticola, eyavela eYurophu ngo-1878 ngenxa yokungavumelani nezinyathelo zokuhlukanisa izivini zasendle ezilethwe abalimi abangamaFulentshi ngezithombo zaseMelika phylloxera.

Kwaphela iminyaka emibili, izibonakaliso zokutheleleka kwezivini ezivuthiwe zitholakali nje emivini eminingi eningizimu yeFrance, kodwa nasezitshalweni zeBalkan naseCaucasian-abalimi.

Ama-zoospores e-fungal overwinter emhlabathini. Emivini iwela kanye nefrafomu ifomu elivela emajubeni awela phansi.

Ukutheleleka kwesibili ukusuka endaweni egulayo kuya enempilo, kwenzeka kokubili ngemvula futhi ngosizo lomoya.

Kusukela ngesikhathi i-spore ihlasela amaqabunga kuze kuvele izibonakaliso zokuqala, kudlule izinsuku ezingu-4 uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphezu kwama-degree angu-24.

Izindlela zomzabalazo nezindlela zokwelapha

Umphumela omuhle uhlinzekwa kuphela ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela ngesikhathi, kusukela lapho i-spore iwela emaqabungeni, kunzima kakhulu ukulwa nalesi sifo.

Izinqubo ezidingekayo:
Ukuqeda ukuchithwa kwenhlabathi ngaphansi komvini kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kwemvula yokuqala yasentwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho imivini iboshwa futhi inhlabathi ikhululiwe. Njengoba isisindo sokulwa nomvini kusetshenziswa i-nitrofen, isakaza 400 g ngalinye ibhakede lamanzi ayishumi.

Ngemuva kokulimala nge-disinfactant, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuzokhipha uhlaka olulandelayo lokuvikela phakathi komvini kanye ne-fungus ukugubha phansi emhlabathini, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzokwenza kube lula ukushaywa kwemifula emhlabathini.

Phatha amagilebhisi ngomuthi ngokupuniza nge-fisicide systemic Ridomillapho amaqabunga amane evela emvinini.

Emuva-uphonsa ama-crests ezinhlangothini zesikhathi esizayo ne-Bordeaux liquid ngaphambi kokuba iminyango ebumbwe iqale ukuqhakaza izokusiza ukugcina ama-ovari futhi uvikele isikhutha ngaphambi kokuvuthwa.

Ukuvimbela

Ukuvikela amagilebhisi ebukhunjini:
Kuwe bashise wonke amahlamvu ashintshiwe, ihlumela (uma lesi sifo sesivele sibonakale emvinini).

Ukuze ukuhlanza i-sanitization ifake umhlabathi: insimbi noma i-sulphate yethusiNgokwenza ukwakheka ngokwemiyalo, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisiza ukulwa nomkhuhlane wezithelo zomvini futhi zinciphise ukusabalala. Ngentwasahlobo, inhlabathi ihlanjululwa nge-fungicide ngokushesha ngemva kokukhipha inhlabathi ngaphansi kwamagilebhisi.

Ngisho nezinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezingamelana nezifo zitholwa okungenani kabili: kuqala eceleni kwamaqabunga okuqala, bese zihamba ngezinkambu ezingakapheli, ngemuva kokususa amahlamvu angaphezu kwamandla (uma ikhona) evela ehlathini.

Ungavumeli imivini egciniwe igxile ekwakheni kwamahlamvu amaningi kakhulu. Uma uhlwanyela izithombo, qiniseka ukuthi lo mgwaqo awuzange ukhuliswe.

Ungafaki izitshalo ngaphandle kokuzivikela emzimbeni, uma wesaba ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukusifiphaza ngesikhathi esifanele. Qinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zanele i-potassium.

Uma isikhutha sibonakala ngamagilebhisi endaweni esiseduze, badinga ukwelashwa okuvimbela imivini yabo, ngakho-ke ukutheleleka kwesibili kungenzeka ngesizo lomoya.

Izixazululo ezinezinhlamvu zingaphinde zithathelwe izidakamizwa: UDitan M-45, Mancotseb, I-Polycarbacin. Le ndlela izokusiza ukugcina amagilebhisi avela ebukhunjini, okubhekene nokuqukethwe okwethusi okwenziwe ngamalungiselelo okuzivikela.

Ehlobo lezimvula, inani lezokwelapha likhuphuka ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuxhumana: Oxyh, Ridopolich, Mitsu. Inombolo evumelekile yokwelashwa yonyaka ngamunye izikhathi ezingu-8.

Inyanga ngaphambi kokuba izitshalo zivuthwe, ukwelashwa ngokumelene nomunyu kumisiwe.

Izinhlobo ezinokulimaza

Izinhlobo ezinamagilebhisi ezizwelayo kakhulu:

  • Ikhadineli
  • I-Iranian Shahin
  • IsiKishmish sikhanya
  • I-Magaracha yasekuqaleni
  • Okukhethekile
  • Rizamat

Isihlungu somvini yisifo esiyingozi, "silinde" kuphela umlimi wensimu ukwenza iphutha nokulibaziseka ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela le fungus yaseMelika. Ngakho-ke, uma ngonyaka odlule lesi sifo sithatha ingxenye yokuvuna, ngakho ngonyaka ozayo, qaphelani. Ungavumeli izinhlamvu, ubusika emhlabathini kanye namaqabunga awile, ahlala ephila iminyaka emihlanu, futhi "adle" amagilebhisi akho.

Ngaphezu kwezifo zomvini kuthinta izifo ezilandelayo: i-anthracnose, umdlavuza webhaktheriya, i-oidium, i-Alternaria, i-white, i-grey ne-root root, i-chlorosis, i-phylloxera, i-rubella, ama-bacteriosis ahlukahlukene kanye nabanye.
Izivakashi ezithandekayo! Bhala emibhalweni engezansi mayelana namakhambi omuntu, ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nomvini ngamagilebhisi, ukuthi ungaphatha kanjani lesi sifo nendlela yokuphatha amagilebhisi ukuvimbela.