Ezilwaneni zanamuhla zezilwane, ama-antibiotics angenye yeqembu elivame kakhulu izinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo ezisetshenziswa ngabantu. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi, lezi zinhlanganisela ziye zasiza abalimi ukuba babhekane nezifo eziningi, okwenyusa hhayi ukusebenza kahle kokulima kuphela, kodwa futhi nokwenza inzuzo yepulazi elizalisayo, kufaka phakathi nokuzalisa izinkomo. Kulesi sihloko sizobheka ngokuningiliziwe ngezinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-antibiotic wezilwane, kanye nemigomo yokusetshenziswa kwabo okuphephile ekwelapheni imfuyo.
Inani lama-antibiotic ngezinkomo
Namuhla, ama-antibiotics emithi yezilwane ayingxenye yezikhundla eziphambili ngokukhiqiza izimboni. Ngosizo lwabo, abalimi emhlabeni jikelele banenkinga yezifo ezihlukahlukene, futhi basebenzisa njengokondla okungeziwe. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwandisa umsebenzi wezilwane ze-animal metabolism, ngenxa yalokho okungekho kuphela ukuzuza kwesisindo okubonakalayo ezinkomeni, kodwa futhi nokwanda komthamo wokukhiqiza kwemfuyo yokuphela kwemikhiqizo. 
Ezimweni zanamuhla, izilwane ezizalisayo ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwama-antibiotic okusebenzayo akunakwenzeka. Ukukhiqiza izinkomo zezimboni kuhlinzekela ukugcina izilwane ngokuxhumana eduze futhi ngokuvamile endaweni encane. Indawo elinganiselwe, kanye nenkululeko yokunyakaza, kubangela ukuthi izinkomo zinciphise kakhulu imisebenzi yokuzivikela yomzimba, ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwama-antibiotics, izilwane ezinjalo zivame ukugula futhi zihlupheke kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-pathologies.
Uyazi? I-antibiotic yokuqala eyakhishwa ekukhiqizeni izimboni i-salvarsan. Kwenzeka ngo-1910 ngenxa yesibhakthazi saseJalimane uPaul Ehrlich.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina izilwane ezimweni ezinzima kunomthelela ekukhuleni kwenhlabathi enhle kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni zonke izinhlobo zokutheleleka. Kulesi simo, isingeniso sesikhathi esifanayo emzimbeni wemithi ekhuthele kakhulu yisilinganiso kuphela esingavimbela ukusakazeka kwezifo eziyingozi phakathi kwabantu. Isidingo sezinyathelo ezinjalo emhlambini wezinkomo kubuye ngenxa yesidingo semvelo sepulazi ukuhlela kabusha izilwane. Lokhu kubangele ukucindezeleka ngokweqile ngamakamela, okwangasese ngemuva kokutheleleka okuncane kungabangela ukufa kwemfuyo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ama-antibiotics asetshenziswa, okukwazi ukuyeka ngokushesha izinqubo ezinjalo ngezigaba zokuqala. 
Ukuphumelela nokwenza ngcono imishanguzo ye-antibiotic kuyigugu emapulazini. Imithi enjalo isiza ukunciphisa izindleko eziphelele zokudla, futhi futhi cishe igweme ngokuphelele ukulahlekelwa komkhakha. Lokhu kuholela ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle kwemfuyo yokuzala, kanye nomthelela omuhle kulo lonke inzuzo yokukhiqiza. Ngenxa yalokho, kungenzeka ukunciphisa intengo yokugcina yemikhiqizo yemfuyo kubathengi, futhi lokhu kungenye yezisekelo ezisiza ukulwa nendlala emhlabeni jikelele.
Kodwa ama-antibiotics anezinye izici zokusetshenziswa. Kulolu hlobo lwezindlela kufanele ludluliselwe ngokucophelela okukhulu, ngoba ukusetshenziswa okungenangqondo kwezidakamizwa kuyathinta umzimba wezilwane. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi amathuluzi anjalo avame ukungathandeki ekusetshenzisweni kwezinkomo ezikhulelwe. I-anti-antibiotic eyengeziwe ingabangela ukungafani okuhlukile kokufelwa ngisho nokufa. Ukuphela kokuphela kwezidakamizwa kusekelwe izithako zemvelo (ama-penicillin, ama-macrolides, i-cephalosporins, njll).
Kubalulekile! Ama-antibiotic ahlinzekwa kuphela ngenhloso yodokotela wezilwane onolwazi, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusetshenziswa okungalawulwa kwezidakamizwa kungaba nomthelela omubi emzimbeni wezilwane.
Ama-antibiotics ezinkomo
Phakathi kobuningi bezo zonke izinhlobo zezidakamizwa, ama-antibiotics anesimo esiholela phambili. Isayensi yanamuhla iyazi izingxenye ezingaphezu kweziyizinkulungwane ezimbili zalesi sigaba, phakathi kwazo okukhona okuvela emvelweni nangokwemvelo, okuhambisana nokubekezelelana okuphezulu kwezidalwa eziphilayo ezinjalo izinto. Kodwa phakathi kwabo kukhona iqembu elincanyana lama-antibiotic aphezulu futhi angabizi angakalahlekelwa umsebenzi wawo okungaphezu konyaka.
Tetracycline
Isidakamizwa esinamandla sokulwa ne-antibacterial esinemiphumela eminingi ehlukahlukene, esekelwe ezithandweni zemvelo. Abathola ngokukhipha kusuka emthonjeni wamasiko we-bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens. 
I-Tetracycline isetshenziswa kaningi ukuphatha zonke izinhlobo zezifo ezithathelwanayo ezingamelana namapenicillin nezinye izinto ezingasebenzi. I-Tetracycline ikhishwa kwifomu yethebhulethi, inani lesithako esikhulu esisebenzayo kwelinye ithebhulethi lingu-0.1 g. I-antibiotic isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-salmonellosis, i-colibacillosis, i-pasteurellosis, i-pneumonia, nezinye izifo ezithinteka ku-tetracyclines. Isidakamizwa senziwa ngomlomo, ngomthamo we-20 mg / isampuli, njalo ngamahora angu-12. Ubude bokwelashwa yizinsuku ezingu-5-7.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu nokuphathwa kwe-colibacillosis ne-bronchopneumonia yamathole.
I-Penicillin
Isidakamizwa se-antimicrobial of a range of effects. I-agent isetshenziselwa ukulwa nokuhlasela kwebhaktheriya okubangelwa amabhaktheriya eGeneral Bacillus, Neisseria, Pasteurella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, njll. Ukulungiswa kutholakala ngokukhipha izinhlanganisela ngabanye kusukela emthonjeni wamanzi we-mold fungus of the genus Penicillium. I-penicillin ikhiqizwa ngesimo se-white crystalline powder of potassium ne-benzylpenicillin usawoti sodium (i-IU). 
I-agent iyasetshenziselwa ukujova kwe-intramuscular noma intravenous - ukwenza lokhu, i-powder ichitheka ngamanzi ahlanzekile angasebenzi noma 0.5% ye-novocaine. Isidakamizwa senziwa izikhathi ezingu-4-6 ngosuku, isilinganiso esisodwa se-benzylpenicillin kubantu abadala sisuka ku-3000 kuya ku-5000 U / kg wesisindo somzimba, izilwane ezincane - cishe u-5000 U / kg wesisindo somzimba. Isikhathi sokwelapha sisezinsukwini ezingu-5-6, kodwa ngezifo ezihlukumezayo, sithatha izinsuku ezingu-7-10.
Uyazi? I-penicillin yatholakala ngengozi ngo-1928, ngesikhathi esisodwa sezilingo ze-bacteriologist edumile yaseBrithani u-Alexander Fleming.
Streptomycin
Isidakamizwa se-bacteriostatic semvelaphi yemvelo. Izingxenye zalo zihlukaniswe namasiko kagesi we-bacterium Streptomyces globisporus.
Isetshenziselwa i-pathogenic microorganisms yezilwane ezibangelwa i-mastitis, i-pneumonia, i-meningitis, i-leptospirosis, i-tularemia, ukutheleleka kwe-diplococcal, i-endometritis, i-endocarditis, i-sepsis, i-campylobacteriosis, i-actinomycosis nezinye izifouzwela ku-streptomycin sulfate. 
Isidakamizwa sikhiqizwa ngesimo se powder elimhlophe elisetshenziselwa ukujula kwe-intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intraperitoneal, intracavitary, intrauterine, kanye nangaphandle.
Isidakamizwa senziwa izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku, ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-streptomycin ichithelwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile angasetshenzisiwe noma isixazululo se-novocaine esingu-0.5%. Isilinganiso esisodwa sabadala singu-5 mg we-streptomycin sulfate / kg isisindo somzimba, izilwane ezincane - isisindo somzimba esingu-10 mg / kg. Isikhathi sokuphela kokwelashwa sisuka ezinsukwini ezingu-4 kuya kwezingu-7.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuphathwa kwe-mastitis (purulent), i-leptospirosis, i-endometritis, i-actinomycosis.
Ceftiocline
I-Cephalosporin antibiotic enezinhlobonhlobo zemiphumela. Isidakamizwa siyisimiso esinqunyiwe samanzi we-hue ephuzi noma elula. I-Ceftioclin isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ze-endometritis nezinkomo ezinkomeni, kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene zokuphefumula.okubangelwa ukunqotshwa kwemvelo ngama-bacteria wesigodi Pasteurella, Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides. 
Faka ithuluzi ngaphansi kokunciphisa noma ngokungahambisani nesikhathi esingaphezu kwe-1 ngosuku. Isilinganiso esisodwa semfuyo singu-1 ml wezidakamizwa / 50 kg isisindo somzimba wesilwane. Isikhathi sokwelashwa kwezifo zomphefumulo wokuphefumula ushiya ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezingu-5, kodwa uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho izibonakaliso ezinzima zokutheleleka ziphela.
Funda futhi mayelana nezifo zezinkomo: i-hypodermatosis, i-chlamydia, i-brucellosis, i-teliasiosis, i-babesiosis, i-dictyocaulosis, i-acidosis, i-leptospirosis, i-rabies, i-EMCAR, i-clostridiosis, isikhukhumba, i-bursitis, i-allergies.
Amoksisan
I-antibiotic esebenzayo ye-semisynthetic, eyingxenye ye-penicillin. Itholakala ngokukhipha izingxenye ezithile ezivela emthonjeni wamanzi we-isikhunta isikhunta se-genus Penicillium nokuqhubeka kwawo okwamanje emtholampilo. 
I-Amoxisan ukumiswa kwamanzi okwesibhakabhaka okuphuzi (ngezinye izikhathi nge-white precipitate). I-Amoxisan isetshenziselwa ukulwa nezilonda ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo ezingxenyeni zendlela yokuphefumula, i-tract emathunjini, isimiso sokuzala, i-urinary tract, amalunga nama-tissue alula. Yethula izidakamizwa nge-injection yangaphakathi noma engaphansi kwesikhumba, ngokubala kwe-0.1 ml / kg isisindo somzimba. Faka isicelo khambi, kepha uma kunesidingo futhi ukulungisa imiphumela emva kwamahora angu-48, phinda umjovo.
Uyazi? I-antibiotic yokuqala ye-semi-synthetic yomhlaba yakhululwa ngo-1961 yi-british yaseBrithani ephethe i-Beecham. Lesi yisidakamizwa esidumile sezwe esibizwa ngokuthi i-ampicillin, esetshenziswa kabanzi ngemithi kuze kube namuhla.
I-Gentam
I-Semisynthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic, ephathelene nezidakamizwa ezihlangene zemvelo ye-penicillin. Itholakala ngokuguqula ama-antibiotic yemvelo eyakhiwe isikhunta isikhunta se-genus Penicillium. I-Gentam ukumiswa okucacile komjovo.
Isidakamizwa sivimbela inani elikhulu lama-gram-positive ne-gram-negative negative, ngakho-ke kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulwa nezifo ezehlukene zokuphefumula, umuthi wamathunjini, uhlelo lwe-urinary, amalunga, enezici zesikhumba kanye nezicubu, kanye ne-necrobacteriosis kanye nesisu.
Faka ithuluzi isikhathi 1 ngosuku ngosuku olungaphansi kwesigqila noma ngesisindo, ngokubala kuka-0.1 ml / 10 kg wesisindo sezilwane. Isikhathi sokwelapha sisuka ezinsukwini ezimbili ukuya kwezingu-5, kodwa, uma kunesidingo, sikhuliswa isikhathi eside.
Hlola uhlelo lokugoma izinkomo.
Oflosan
I-agent ye-antimicrobial kanye ne-antimycoplasma ye-wide spectrum of exposure, yeqembu le-fluoroquinolones. I-Oflosan igxila kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane ezincane ze-pathogenic, kubandakanya amabhaktheriya e-Escherichia, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter, Haemophilus naseStaplanlococcus. I-Oflosan yiketshezi lomthunzi ophuzi ophuzi noma ophuzi (ogcina isikhathi esincane isikhathi esincane se-liquid evunyelwe, esilahlekile ngemva kokuphazamiseka). 
Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokulwa nezinhlobonhlobo zezifo zomuthi wamathumbu, ukuphefumula, uhlelo lwe-urinary, ne-arthritis, i-colibacteriosis, i-streptococcosis, i-salmonellosis, i-peritonitis, i-septicemia, ukungena kwe-necrotizing nezinye izifo. Faka isicelo ngomlomo ngomlomo, isikhathi esingu-1 ngosuku, ngokubala kwe-0.5 ml / 10 kg isisindo sesilwane. I-salmonellosis, izifo ezixutshweyo nezingapheliyo, 1 ml wezidakamizwa ziyoncibilika ku-1 litre lamanzi futhi isetshenziselwa ukondla imfuyo yonke imini. Isikhathi sokwelashwa ne-oflosan sivela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezingu-5.
Funda futhi mayelana nezimpawu (ukukhwehlela, isifo sohudo) nezifo zamathole: isifo samasongo esimhlophe, ama-rickets, i-dyspepsia, i-hernia embilical.
Efikur
I-antibiotic enamandla eyingxenye ye-cephalosporins yesizukulwane sesine. Isidakamizwa sinomthelela onamandla we-bacteriostatic kuma-bacteria we-pathogenic ezinkomo. Ngokusekelwe kuma-antibiotic yemvelo afihliwe emthonjeni wamanzi we-bacteria Cephalosporium acremonium. 
U-Efikur ukumiswa okumhlophe okufana nomuntu noma isisombululo nge-tinge encane ephuzi. Isidakamizwa sisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo eziningi zokuphefumula, kanye nokulwa nemithamo ye-postpartum eyinkimbinkimbi ngama-bacterial infections. U-Efikur ulawulwa izikhathi ezingu-1 ngosuku, nge-injection ye-intramuscular, nge-calculation of 1 ml / 50 kg isisindo somzimba. Isikhathi sokwelapha okunjalo sivame kusuka ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezingu-5.
Kubalulekile! Kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele ukuphatha ama-ether ezilwaneni ezine-hypersensitivity kuma-antibiotics weqembu le-beta-lactam. Uma kungenjalo, isilwane singase sithuthukise ukushuswa kwe-anaphylactic.
I-Ceftiosan
I-agent ye-bacteriostatic ekhuthele, eyimithi ye-cephalosporin. I-Ceftiosan inemvelaphi yemvelo, izinhlanganisela ezisemqoka zomkhiqizo zihlukaniswe namasiko kagesi ama-bacteria Cephalosporium acremonium. Ekubukeni, umuthi unesimo sokumisa okwesikhashana, nomthunzi ophuzi obala. 
I-Ceftiosan ine-antibacterial effect effect eqenjini elikhulu lama-pathogenic microbial strains abangela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene izifo zokuphefumula, kanye necrobacteriosis kanye ne-endometriosiskuhlanganise nabameli beGeneral Streptococcus, Actynomyces, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Escherichia, Pasteurella, Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Bacteroides, Proteus neFusobacterium. I-Ceftiosan isetshenziselwa njengomjovo owuketshezi wokuphathwa kwe-intramuscular. Faka ithuluzi okungaphezu kuka-1 isikhathi ngosuku, ngokubala kokulinganisa 1 ml / 50 kg wesilwane. Njengoba kunezifo zokuphefumula, ubude bokwelashwa okunjalo buvela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezingu-5, nge-necrobacteriosis - ezingekho kwezinsuku ezintathu, ne-endometriosis - cishe izinsuku ezingu-5.
Abalimi bezilwane bazoba usizo ukufunda ngezifo zezinkomo: izifo zesibindi, ama-hoove kanye nemilenze, amalunga.
Amoxicillin
I-Semisynthetic antibiotic drug kusuka eqenjini lamapenicillin, elinemiphumela eminingi ehlukahlukene. Ilungiselelwe ngosizo lwe-laboratory ukuguqulwa kwama-bactericidal agents anemvelo efihliwe yi-fungus of the genus Penicillium ngenkathi umsebenzi wabo obalulekile. 
I-amoxicillin liquid oily ene-tinge ephuzi. Ithuluzi lisetshenziselwa ukuphatha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlasela ezibangelwa yiqembu elikhulu lama-bacteria angama-gram-negative ne-gram-positive, kuhlanganise nokutheleleka kwezigungu zomzimba, amalungu, uhlelo lwe-urogenital, izitho zokuphefumula, izicubu ezithambile, njll.. Sebenzisa izidakamizwa kanye, ngezijovo ezingaphansi kwesisu noma ngesisu, ngesibalo se-1 ml / 10 kg yesisindo sezilwane. Uma kunesidingo, i-ejenti iphinde isetshenziswe, kepha hhayi ngaphambi kwamahora angu-48.
Kubalulekile! Ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwamaqembu amabili noma ngaphezulu kwama-antibiotic kuvunyelwe ezimweni ezihlukile futhi ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezilwane zezilwane.
Ngizophuza nini ubisi ngemuva kokulwa namagciwane?
Cishe wonke ama-antibiotic awaziwayo abonakala ngokuhlala isikhathi eside emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi njengemithwalo yemikhiqizo yokubola. Yingakho lezi zinhlanganisela zigcwalisa ngokuphumelelayo cishe zonke izitho, izicubu kanye neziphuzo zomzimba, kubandakanya ubisi. Lokhu kuyimvelo engokwemvelo, ngoba yilesi sici esenza ukuba i-bacteriostaticity ephakeme yama-antibiotic maqondana nama-microorganisms e-pathogenic.
Isikhathi sokukhipha lezi zinhlanganisela kuvame ukuxhomeka kohlobo lwezinto. Iningi le-penicillin liphuma emzimbeni ngokuphelele emva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5, kanti izidakamizwa eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwenziwa zidinga cishe izinsuku ezingu-14. Kodwa-ke, uma isilwane sinomzimba obuthakathaka ngokweqile ngukutheleleka, ukwehla komsebenzi we-metabolism kuphawulwa ngalesi sizinda, okuyinto echaphazela kabi ukuqedwa kwezidakamizwa zama-antibiotics. Yingakho, ngokusho kwezidingo ezivamile zezilwane, ngemuva kokutheleleka kwe-antibiotic Imikhiqizo yezilwane ayifanelekile ukusetshenziswa kwezinsuku ezingu-20-25 ezilandelayo, kusukela ekujoeni kokugcina. 
Ama-antibiotics yiqembu elibalulekile lezidakamizwa, ngaphandle kokuthi ukuphathwa kwezinkomo zezinkomo zanamuhla akunakwenzeka. Lezi zidakamizwa zinomthelela onamandla wokulwa nezifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokusiza ukuvimba lesi sifo emagabeni okuqala. Kodwa izindlela ezinjalo kufanele zinikezwe izilwane kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwabahlengikazi abanolwazi, kungenjalo ukwelapha ukwelashwa kuzobangela ukuwohloka kombuso jikelele wesilwane.
