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Isitshalo semifino

Indlela yokubhekana nokulimaza onotamatisi, ukwelashwa utamatisi ekhishini labo lasehlobo

Uma sebethole izibonakaliso ze-phytophtoras endaweni yabo, zonke izivande ziqala ukuzwakala i-alamu. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngakho konke okuhlobene nesifo nokuthi singalwela kanjani ukulimaza ku-utamatisi ku-greenhouse nasensimini.

Iyini i-phytophthora: izimbangela nezibonakaliso zesifo

Uma ungahlangabezane nalesi simo esibi futhi ungazi ukuthi kuyini, cishe, awuzange uzame ukutshala utamatisi engadini yakho. I-Phytophthora yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu salesi sitshalo, esibangelwa i-fungus phytophtorosis, okusho ukuthi "isitshalo esidla" ngesiNgisi. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwayo okusheshayo, kungabhubhisa isivuno sotamatisi ngezinsuku ezimbalwa nje.

Izimbangela ze phytophthora

Ekuqaleni, lokhu kutheleleka kuhlasela amazambane, futhi ngemva kokushintshela kumatamatisi. Ngakho-ke, esinye sezizathu zokutheleleka kwabo yisisondelene namazambane. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngenxa yemiswakama ephakeme, izinguquko eziphansi noma ezisheshayo ekushiseni, ukungabi khona kwelanga, ukutshala okuhlwanyelwe kwetamatisi okuhlaza kanye nokwandisa kwe-nitrogen.

Umuntu angaqaphela ukubonakala kwama-phytophtoras ezitshalweni ngo-Agasti noJulayi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ilanga lisashisa, ubusuku selubandayo kakade, kanti ekuseni kukhona amazolo amaningi, ukukhuphuka okwenzeka kancane, ikakhulukazi kusuka emahlathini asetshalwe kakhulu. Lo mzuzu ungcono kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni i-phytophthora.

Izimpawu ze phytophtora on utamatisi

Ezimpawu zokuqala ze-phytophthora kumatamatisi, amabala amnyama akhiwa kuqala emaqabunga, bese izithelo zihlupheka, futhi emva kwazo isitembu sithintekile. Amabala amnyama emaqabunga emvula ahlanganiswa nokuqhakaza kwe-oily - lena yi-fungus. I-inflorescences of utamatisi ishesha kakhulu ukuphenduka, bese uphendulela omnyama bese uwa. Izithelo zihlanganiswa nemikhawulo emnyama, eyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isiqu sigcwele amabala amnyama angalingani. Lesi sifo sisheshe sivimbele isihlahla, esiholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.

I-Phytophthora: indlela yokuphatha kahle utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile

Utamatisi okhulile endaweni evulekile kakhulu kuncike kule sifo. Futhi-ke, ukuze ungabhekene nale nkinga, kubalulekile ukufeza ukuvimbela okuphoqelekile.

Ukuvimbela izifo

Ake sibone indlela yokuvikela utamatisi kusuka ku-phytophthora. Ukuze ungangeni kuye engadini yakho, Kumele uhambisane nemithetho elandelayo:

  1. Ukutheleleka kuhlasela amahlumela amancane ngenxa yenhlabathi engaphenduki, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi ususa ukhula emibhedeni engadini futhi ungatshala utamatisi emva kwamazambane nezinye izitshalo ezikwazi ukutholakala ne-phytophthora.
  2. Ungafaki izihlahla eduze komunye nomunye, njengomnyaka omanzi lokhu kuzosusa ukuthuthukiswa kwama-phytophtoras.
  3. Ukuphuza utamatisi kufanele kube ngaphansi kwempande, njengoba amanzi emaqabunga angabangela isifo.
  4. Indawo yokutshala utamatisi kufanele ukhethe ukukhanya kahle.
  5. Ungadluli ngesisindo somanyolo we-nitrogen.

Utamatisi Ukwelapha

Uma uvimbela lesi sifo asizange sisebenze, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nokulimala kumatamatisi. Akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukuqeda, ngoba lesi sifo sisakazekela kwesinye isihlahla kuya kwesinye futhi sibonakala ngokushesha ezitshalweni eziningana. Okokuqala okumele ukwenze kulokhu kuwukuhlukanisa izihlahla eziphethwe yizinkukhu eziphilile. Kungaba ngcono ukuwaqothula futhi ubashise ngokushesha ukuze uvimbele ukuba basakazeke. Uma i-phytophtora ishaya inqwaba yezihlahla, kuzodingeka izinto eziyingozi zamakhemikhali.

Lapho ukwelapha okukhathele kokukhathala komatamatisi kwenziwa ngamalungiselelo ngefomu le-powder, elihlanjululwa ngamanzi futhi lifuthwa ezitshalweni. Okuphumelela kakhulu kubo yi-boric acid, "Gamar", "Fitosporin".

Indlela yokuvikela utamatisi kusuka phytophthora ku abamba ukushisa

Ukufudumala kwamanzi nokunyakaza kwamanzi kuyizimo ezimbi kakhulu zokutshala utamatisi ku-greenhouse. Kule gumbi, yize izitshalo zingenakuthinteka yizifo (njengoba kungekho mthombo oqondile we-HIV), kodwa uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukusakazeka kwabo kukhulu kakhulu. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubhujiswa kwamatamatisi nge phytophthora, izithombo zokugcina izithombo kufanele zivame ukuvuthwa futhi wanisela izihlahla ezingavamile, kodwa eziningi.

Uyazi? Ukuvimbela utamatisi ekuguleni, izinyathelo zokuvimbela kufanele zithathwe ngisho nangaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ukuphatha imbewu ngesisombululo esifudumele se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engu-20.

Ukupaka for prophylaxis

Umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu ukuphikisa utamatisi kusuka ku-phytophtoras, ngoba inqwaba yamakhemikhali angenza isithelo esinobuthi futhi singakufaneleki ukusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sezokwelashwa, ungalimaza amahlathi, ngokwenza kubonakale. Ukuze ungalimazi isitshalo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi usakaze kanjani utamatisi ezifweni.

Ezimweni zokuvimbela, kuyadingeka ukuwazisa utamatisi ngesisombululo sulfulate yethusi phakathi nesonto emva kokutshala. Emva kwalokho emva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, kubalulekile ukuphatha izihlahla nge-decoction ye-horsetail, emva kwalokho amaqabunga aphethwe nge-iodide ye-potassium ehlanjululwa ngamanzi. Futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, izitshalo ziphathwa nge-Epin.

Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kwe-prophylactic, isisombululo esivela ku-2 l, isilawuli somlotha kanye nekhasi elilodwa lezinyosi ngalinye ibhakede lamanzi lizofaneleka. Lelixazululo lifakwe ehlathini njalo ngesonto. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu kuzo zonke izinqubo yingxenye yokuqala yosuku.

Ukuze ugweme izizathu zokuthuthukiswa kwe-phytophthora ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, kuyadingeka ukususa uthuli nama-cobwebs, ukuqapha ukuhlanzeka ngaphakathi egumbini.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Phytophtora ku-utamatisi

Uma kwakukhona i-phytophthora kumatamatisi, khona-ke kubagadi abaningi umbuzo uba indlela yokubhekana nalesi sifo. Phatha phytophthora ngezindlela ezimbili:

  • besebenzisa izinto ezisebenzayo zamakhemikhali;
  • besebenzisa amakhambi abantu.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ukwelashwa iziqu ze-phytophtoras ku-utamatisi, zisetshenziselwa ukudla okutshala okuqinisa amandla omzimba.
Lapho i-phytophthora on utamatisi iphathwa ngamakhemikhali afana ne- "Alirin-B", "Gamar", "Baikal EM-1". Enye ikhambi eliphumelelayo yi-Bordeaux liquid.

Indlela yokubhekana nezindlela zomuntu ezilimazayo

Sichaza okuvame kakhulu izifo zabantu ezivela phytophtora on utamatisi:

  1. I-tincture kagalikhi nge-potassium permanganate. Uzodinga u-100 g we-garlic egumbwe nge-grinder yenyama, ethululelwa ngilazi yamanzi bese ushiya amahora angu-24. Ngemuva kosuku, isihlungi bese uhlunga ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi kanye no-1 g we-permanganate ye-potassium. Hlanganisa izihlahla ezidinga zonke ezinye isonto.
  2. Whey Ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1: 1, whey ihlanjululwe ngamanzi kanye utamatisi ziphathwa kusukela ngoJulayi nsuku zonke.
  3. Ash. Izinsuku eziyisikhombisa emva kokuphuma nokubeka izithelo, umlotha uchithelwa phakathi kwemigqa ngaphambi kokuchelela.
  4. I-tincture yotshani obolile noma u-hay. Udinga u-1 kg we-hay ukuthululela amalitha angu-10 wamanzi, engeza i-urea encane futhi ushiye izinsuku ezingu-3-4. Emva kwesikhashana, uhlume futhi usebenze amahlumela emavikini angu-1.5-2.
  5. Iodine ngobisi. Bathatha amalitha ayi-10 wamanzi, ilitha elilodwa lebisi elingenayo i-nonfat, amaconsi angu-15 e-iodine, mix konke futhi asebenze amahlathi onke amasonto amabili.
  6. Ukupheka usawoti Ngenye ingilazi kasawoti, thatha ibhakede lamanzi bese uhlela izithelo ezinkulu eziluhlaza kanye ngenyanga.
  7. Isixazululo se-sulfate se-Copper. Ebhekheni elingu-10 litre lamanzi engeza 2 tbsp. l ithusi le-sulfate kanye nesisombululo esiphumelele saluthela lesi sitshalo.
  8. Imvubelo Ama-10 amalitha amanzi azodinga 100 g yemvubelo. Phatha lesi sitshalo lapho i-phytophthora ivela.
  9. Ukufaka izimpande zezithombo ngethusi yethusi ngaphambi kokutshala noma ukubhoboza iziqu zika utamatisi. Kudingeka ukushisa ucingo lethusi bese uthatha izicucu ezingu-4 cm bese uphonsa isiqu ebangeni elingu-10 ukusuka emhlabathini, faka ucingo bese ugoba.
Ukulwa nokulimala kokuphela kwesikhathi ku-utamatisi nama-folk amakhambi kuyasebenza njengoba umzabalazo nama-chemical agents.

Uyazi? I-sulfate ye-Copper ingasiza ekuqedeni i-phytophthora, kodwa kuyingozi kakhulu kumaqabunga. Noma yiziphi izinsalela zesisombululo zingashisa isitshalo, emva kwalokho zingase zife.

Izinhlobo zika utamatisi ukumelana ne-Phytophthora

Ngeshwa, azikho izinhlobo zezotamatisi ezizophikisana ngokuphelele ne-phytophthora. Naphezu kokuhluka kwazo okukhulu, kunamathekisthi amancane nakakhulu kulawo utamatisi wesifo.

Ukukhula kwezimo zokushisa kunezihlobo ezifanele kakhulu zezinhlobo ezithintekayo. Baphansi, ekuseni futhi baletha isivuno esihle.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlosiwe zamatamatisi:

  • I-Grandee - izitshalo ezinamaqabunga ezinezithelo zezithelo kufika ku-0.8 kg.
  • I-Oak - izithelo ezibomvu ezibomvu ezilinganisa no-0.1 kg.
  • I-Perseus - utamatisi obomvu wefomu eliyindilinga elinezansi.
  • I-Persimmon - utamatisi omnandi we-orange olinganisa u-0.3 kg.
  • Isimangaliso se-Orange - izithelo ze-orange zafika phansi, ziqukethe okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-beta-carotene.
Izinhlobo ezingenakulinganiswa zibhekwa izithelo ezide nezinkulu. Bangakhula kokubili ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nasemhlabathini ovulekile. Okudingekayo ekuthuthukiseni kwabo okujwayelekile kubambe i-pasynkovaniya.

Kubalulekile! Uma uhlakulela izinhlobo ezingajwayelekile ezingadini, kufanele ziboshwe ezigodini eziphakeme, ngoba i-stem eyinhloko ingaphula ngenxa yesisindo esinzima sotamatisi.
Izinhlobo eziningi eziphikisanayo zezinhlobo ezingapheli yizi:

  • De Baro. Utamatisi ngesimo sikhilimu esilinganisa u-80 g
  • I-watermelon ehlukahlukene inezinhlamvu eziluhlaza, ezifana ne-watermelon. Izithelo ezilingana no-0.1 kg.
  • Imfihlo kaGogo. Izithelo ezinemibala ebomvu zinyama kakhulu, zilinganisa u-1 kg.
  • Inhliziyo ye-Dragon Izithelo zomthunzi obomvu okusajingijolo onomzimba onomzimba futhi olinganisa u-0.8 kg.

Ukuvimbela i-phytophthora

Ukuvikela utamatisi kusuka ku-phytophthora kuzosiza ukunakekelwa okufanele kwabo. Ukunakekelwa kwenziwa ngokuya ngohlobo lokuthuthukiswa, okuyinto, futhi, ihlukaniswe yaba yikhiqiza kanye nemifino.

Lapho indlela yokudla yemifino yokukhula izitshala ngokushesha, kodwa izithelo zenziwa kancane kancane. Futhi ngenxa yokubunjwa kwezithelo ezisheshayo, ikakhulukazi ehlobo ehlobo, i-phytophthora ngeke isithathe isikhathi eside. Futhi ukuvimbela lokhu, udinga ukufeza pasynkovanie. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuqhutshwa komoya okuthuthukisiwe nokusheshisa ukukhula kwezithelo.

Lapho indlela yokukhiqiza iyasebenza. Inani elikhulu utamatisi esihlahleni liholela esimweni esicindezelayo sesitshalo, okunciphisa ukumelana kwayo. Ukuze kuvimbele ukutholakala kwe-phytophthora, kubalulekile ukulawula inani lezotamatisi esihlahleni. Ngesikhathi esingalungile, kungcono ukunciphisa inani lezithelo bese ususa amafihlethi e-peripheral. Ngakho uzoqinisekisa ukuvuthwa okusheshayo nokwandisa izimila zezifo. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutholakala kwe-phytophthora esimweni sezulu, ngisho nesitshalo esingakavuna singavuna, lokhu kuzosiza isitshalo ukulwa nalesi sifo.

Indlela yokusindisa nokudla utamatisi othintekile

Utamatisi osuvele ubamba phytophthora ingagcinwa ukwelashwa okushisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthulula amanzi angama-60 ° C emgodini bese usinciphisa izithelo ezithintekile kuwo. Qaphela: utamatisi kufanele ukufudumala futhi ungapheki. Lapho amanzi epholile, engeza entsha kuze utamatisi ugcwele ukushisa. Ngemuva kokwelashwa kwamanzi, utamatisi omisiwe futhi afakwe endaweni emnyama noma efesiteleni yokuvuthwa. Ngesikhathi sokufudumala, izinhlamvu ze phytophthora ziyafa, bese kuthiwa utamatisi udliwe. Zingakwazi futhi ukufakwa ekheniwe. Lapho kunqotshwa izithelo ukuze ithonya eligcwele elimnyama lokushisa angeke lisize, futhi kufanele lisetshenziswe.

Ukulahlwa kwe-100% kwe-phytophtora akunakuqinisekisa ukuthi yiziphi izindlela. Kodwa-ke, ukuvimbela ukuthi kwenzeke yini lesi sifo futhi ukulwa nokulimala kwetamatisi kusemandleni akho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele uhambisane nazo zonke izincomo ezingenhla, wenze izinyathelo zokuvimbela, bese uzothola isitshalo esikhulu samatamatisi enempilo.

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