Ama-apula ahlukahlukene anempilo futhi enempilo kakhulu e-Orlinka

Abalimi abaningi bakuthola kunzima ukunquma ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwezolimo ezikhulayo ezweni labo.

Njengomthetho, izintandokazi zinikezwa ezinhlobonhlobo ezivamile zomhlaba, njengoba zibhekwa ngokunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukunambitheka okuvelele kanye nezimfanelo zokuhlobisa, isivuno esikhulu sonyaka.

Enye yalezi zinhlobo i-Orlinka.

Uhlobo luni?

I-Orlinka ingokwezihlobo zehlobo. Ukuvunwa kuthatha cishe ngo-15-20 ka-Agasti.

Isikhathi sabathengi sifushane futhi sihlala kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekwindla.

Gcina isitoreji

Ngeshwa, impilo yeshalofu yezinhlobo zehlobo ilula. Ebuseni lokushisa kusuka ku-1 kuya kwezingu-8 zokushisa, isivuno ngeke sibe ngaphezu kwamaviki angu-3-4.

Ukuvunwa kungcono kuhlungwe emabhokisini okhuni futhi kugcinwe endaweni epholile noma emiphongolweni. Ingagcinwa esiqandisini. Akunconywa ukugcina emasakeni esikhwameni epulasitiki avaliwe.

Umlimi kufanele akhumbule ukuthi izithelo ezilimazayo, ezichotshoziwe ziwohloka ngokushesha. Uma ufuna ukunweba isikhathi sokugcina, ukuvuna ngokucophelela nokuhlola i-apula ngayinye.

Ezitolo ezikhethekile, amakhasimende anikezwa ngemali eyengeziwe evumela ukukhulisa isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesitshalo (isibonelo, i- "Gardener" sorbent preservative noma ukulungiselela "Fitop").

Nakuba kudingekile phakathi kwabalimi, kuyingozi ukubaphatha. Akuwona wonke amakhemikhali aphephile empilweni.

Kungcono ukufafaza i-vermiculite nge-acetic acid ngaphezulu kwezingqwembe. Kuyinto engokwemvelo, impahla yemvelo, engeyona eyingozi empilweni.

Ukuvota

I-Orlinka ingenye yezihlahla ezimbalwa ezenziwe nge-apula. Kodwa-ke, kungaba ngumuthi wokuvota wezinye izinhlobo zehlobo.

Ungabeka uMelba, uPapirovka noma uMoscow Grushovka eceleni kwakhe.

Incazelo ezihlukahlukene Orlinka "

Ngomunye umlimi owaziwayo, akulula ukuhlukanisa ukuhlukahluka okuthandwayo komunye. Yiziphi izimpawu ongazibona i-Orlink?

Umuthi we-Apple ubukeka kanje:

1. Izihlahla zide. Umqhele ukhululekile futhi ugcwele.
2. Amagatsha atholakala esiqwini kunokuba ahlangane futhi akhule ukuze akhiphe ama-angle angakwesokudla. Iphela ukusheshisa.
3. Amagxolo amagatsha amakhulu, amagatsha kanye ne-trunk yi-grey, epholile.
4. Amahlumela angama-fleecy, amakhulu, aqinisiwe, ayenesundu, ahlukaniswe ngokubuthaka.
5. Izinso zivalwe ngokucindezela, ezinkulu, zihlangene, zihlangene.
6. Amaqabunga ayinkulu, aphihliwe ama-ovoid, akhomba, ngamathiphu we-helical. I-Blade matt, i-pubescent, i-wrinkled futhi i-concave encane. Emaphethelweni amaqabunga akhululekile nge-serration enkulu.
7. Ifihlekile zezimbali zikhulu, zihlangene, ziyi-fleecy. Izimbali ezikhanyayo, umbala omnyama ophuzi. I-Apple tree blooms kakhulu futhi iphunga kakhulu.

Izithelo zika Apple zilandelayo:

1. Ama-apula obukhulu obuphakathi - amagremu ayikhulu namashumi amahlanu. Kodwa ngokuvamile izibonelo ezinkulu zitholakala - kufika ku-200 amagremu.
2. Izithelo ziyi-one-dimensional, zifakwe, zizungezile, zifakwe kancane. Isikhumba sinobucwebe.
3. Umbala oyinhloko wesikhumba esikhulile uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngesikhathi sokulala, kuba ngaphezulu nokucaca futhi okuphuzi. I-pink blush ihlanganisa yonke indawo yesithelo.
4. Inyama i-creamy-white, emnandi futhi emuncu. Lapho kunambitheka, u-Orlinka wanikezwa ngamaphuzu amane nesigamu sokuhlola ukubonakala nokunambitha.
5. Isiqu sincane, sinamaphiko. Imbewu yincane, imnyama emnyama.

Isithombe

Ukubonakala kwezihlukahlukene zama-apula "i-Orlinka" kungabonakala esithombeni ngezansi:

Umlando wokuzala

U-Orlinka wabonakala ngenxa yeqembu labahlaziyi baseRussia: Z.M. Serova, E.N. Sedov. no-Krasova N.G.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, ososayensi, abacwaningi baye bavotela izinhlobonhlobo ze-United States Stark Erliest Prekos imifino yasekhaya yaseSyria First Salyut.

Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngo-1978 esikhungweni socwaningo lwesayensi sokuzalanisa izitshalo zezithelo. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-16, u-Orlinka wamukelwa ekuvivinyweni kukaHulumeni.

Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo

Izinhlobonhlobo zitholakala esifundeni saseCentral Chernozem ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, lapho kwasakazwa kabanzi.

Ikhulile ezindaweni ezahlukene: Oryol, Perm, Moscow, Vladimir, Kaliningrad, njll. Izinhlobonhlobo zivumelanisa kahle, zikhula emhlabathini ovundile futhi ovundile.

Akukhuthazwa ukuba ukhule ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ngokushisa okubandayo isikhathi eside, njengoba i-Orlinka engenawo ubumnandi obubusika obuhle.

Ukuthela

I-Orlinka ibhekwa njenge-skoroplodnoy futhi inikeza izithelo eziphezulu, ezidlula ngisho noMelbu. Ngesinye sezihlahla ze-apula ezincane zingasetshenziswa kusuka ku-30 ​​kg wezithelo ngonyaka ngamunye.

Umuthi we-apula uqala ukuvuna iminyaka engu-4-5 emva kokutshala.

Ukutshala nokunakekelwa

Ukufunda ukunakekela umuthi we-apulaki ka-Orlinka akulula. Landela amathiphu alula nezincomo zokukhula nokunakekelwa.

Lokhu kuzoba ukuvimbela okuhle izilokazane, kuzofaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni okuhle nokukhula.

Ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula kwe-apula eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila kuyoxhomeka ekukhethweni kwendawo nesikhathi sokufika.

Qaphela izincomo.

Isikhathi sokufika:

• I-apula yemifino ehlobo ihlelwe kahle ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, iqhwa kufanele liphele ngokuphelele, amaqhwa ebusuku azophela, futhi emini izinga lokushisa lizofudumala umoya nomhlaba.
• ekwindla, ungatshala ngaphambi kukaSeptemba, ukuze imbewu ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuhlala phansi ngaphambi kokufika kwezulu kuqala.

Indawo yokufika:
Umuthi ukhula kahle endaweni evulekile, evulekile. Kungcono ukuyihlwanyela kusukela eningizimu, eningizimu-ntshonalanga noma eningizimu-mpumalanga yesakhiwo.

Kufanele uthole ukushisa okwanele kwelanga nokukhanya. Emthunzini, ikhwalithi kanye nesilinganiso sesitshalo sincishisiwe, futhi ukukhula kwe-apula kungancipha.

Izici zomhlabathi:

• Ukuze uthole izihlahla zama-apula, kuhle ukukhetha indawo enhlabathini evundile. Uma umhlaba "uhluphekile", qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa umanyolo ophilayo (peat, humus, ash) ngaphambi kokutshala.
• Uma inhlabathi i-acidic kakhulu, kuzodingeka uyiqede nge-lime.
• Umhlaba kufanele kube ukukhanya, ukukhululeka, ukudlula kahle i-oxygen kanye nomswakama ezimpandeni. Inhlabathi enamandla kakhulu, ngeke isebenze. Kulesi simo, engeza isihlabathi.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi unake izinga lemanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Uma amanzi efika esiteshini sokufika, yenza uhlaka olungaphezulu lwebumba ngaphezulu.

Indlela yokutshala isithombo:

1. Ukuze utshale, udinga ukumba imbobo ejulile futhi ebanzi (cishe 40 kuya kwangu-40 cm) ukuze izimpande zibekwe phansi ngokukhululekile.
2. Khona-ke phakathi nendawo yomgodi ukwenza umquba womhlaba bese usebenzisa umanyolo.
3. Beka isithombo ngokuqondile phakathi nendawo, usakaze izimpande, uphonsa umhlaba nenqama kancane. Qaphela izinga lezintamo ezinkulu. Kufanele kube ngaphezu komhlaba.

Ukunakekela i-apula isihlahla salolu hlobo akulula. Ukukhulela kusayithi kuyokwazi ukukwazi ukugcina izinga lokulima, kanye ne-novice.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza ukunakekelwa kwe-apula, ukunakekelwa nokulandela amathiphu alula okuzokusiza ukhule umuthi ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Ukunisela

Namanzi i-apula njalo futhi ngobumnene. Akathandi ngempela umswakama obuningi. Ukuvimbela umswakama ukuba uphume, abalimi abaningi benza i-groove yokuphuma kwamanzi eduze kwesihlahla.

Esishweni sezulu esishisayo, amanzi kuphela kusihlwa ukuvimbela ukushisa.

Ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi

Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuba ukhula emhlabeni, ukuhlanza utshani, amahlamvu asomile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwenza eminyakeni yokuqala yokukhula.

Ehlobo elishisayo, umhlabathi kufanele uphuke kahle, ukuze ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba lungabi lukhuni futhi lume.

Lokhu kuzokuvumela umswakama ongcono kakhulu kuzimpande ngesikhathi sokunisela nemvula.

Esikhathini sezulu sezulu, ukukhulula umhlaba kuzosiza ekuqedeni umswakama okweqile emhlabathini.

Umquba

Ngonyaka wokuqala, awukwazi ukondla i-apple tree, futhi kusukela ngonyaka wesibili ukwenza ama-potash, nitrogen kanye ne-phosphate fertilizer. Kusukela eminyakeni engu-4-5 ungenza urea futhi uhlaziye.

Umanyolo usetshenziswa ngokunisela, kuhlanjululwa emanzini.

Ukudubula

Ukutshala izihlahla kwenziwa entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvela kwezinso. Amagatsha omdala namagatsha omisiwe asusiwe. Ukupakisha ikakhulukazi kudinga izihlahla.

Lokhu kuzosiza ukwakha kahle umqhele futhi kusebenza njengokuvimbela ukubonakala kwezifo nezinambuzane.

Ebusika

Ngaphambi kokushisa kwezulu, abalimi bahlakulela inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla bese benza uhlaka olukhulu oluqinile lwe-mulch (sawdust, hay, humus, amagxolo). Lokhu kuzosiza ekusindeni amakhaza, kanti entwasahlobo izoba ukudla.

Ungazinakekela futhi uvikele amagxolo avela kumagundane. Ukwenza lokhu, i-trunk ihlanganiswe ngesi-spruce.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Kuhlale kunzima kakhulu ukulwa nezilokazane kunokuba uhambisane nezinyathelo zokuvimbela. Ngakho-ke Abalimi abaningi bachithe amakhemikhali emithini entwasahlobo. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokukhazimula nokuqhakaza kokuqala kokufihlekile. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi ukondla futhi wenze izihlahla zamagatsha namagatsha ezindala.

Phakathi kwe izinambuzane ezivamile zezihlahla ze-apula Kungase kuphawulwe: i-moth, i-aphid, i-flower beetle, i-sawfly, i-scyphoco nabanye. Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kwenziwa entwasahlobo. Umuthi uchithelwa nge-karbofos, imithi, i-chlorophos.

Izifo ingozi ethile yesikhumba. I-fungus ivame ukuthinta ngenxa yokungabi khona kwe-oksijeni nokukhuphuka komswakama endaweni yempande.

Ukuze silwe ukwelashwa okwenziwa Bordeaux liquid kanye oxychloride yethusi.

Esinye isifo se-fungal evamile i-powdery isikhutha. Ngokumelene nalo, i-topazi yezidakamizwa noma okusheshayo.

I-Apple Orlinka ithathwa njengesinqumo esihle kakhulu sokukhula ezindaweni eziningi zezwe lethu. Kuheha ukunakekelwa okulula, ukunambitheka okuhle nezimfanelo zokuhlobisa, ukuzivikela okuhle kwezifo.

Uma unakekela futhi unakekela, uzokujabulela ngokuvuna isikhathi eside.