Izihlahla ze-apula ezihlukahlukene zaseMoscow kamuva zisakazeka ngokufudumele ezindaweni ezihamba phambili.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwama-apula kunobusika-buqinile, kulula ukuhlanza futhi kunezithelo ezihlukile esikhathini sokugcina esingavamile.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nesifo esiyinhloko sama-apula - isikhumba.
Uhlobo luni?
Ukuhlukahluka kwe-apula yaseMoscow kamuva omele ubusika (ukuphela kwesikhathi) izinhlobo zokuvuthwa.
Izithelo zilungele ukuvuna ngasekupheleni kuka-September-ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba futhi zibe nekhwalithi elihle kakhulu yokugcina.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, bangase bahlale beqinile kuze kuqale isivuno esilandelayo.
Zigcine zikwaziswa ezinqolobaneni nasezindlini zokuhlala.ekushiseni kwe-2 kuya ku-6 degrees Celsius. Gwema ukwehla okuzumayo kusuka ekushiseni kuya kubanda.
Izinhlobo zebusika nazo zihlanganisa uNastya, Nymph, Orlovsky synapse, Kandil Orlovsky no-Orlik.
Ukuvota
Ezihlukahlukene eziphethwe yi-pollinated, ama-pollinators angenza: Sinap Orlovsky, Vityaz, Moscow Winter, Bogatyr, Zhigulevskoe, njll.
Incazelo ye ezihlukahlukene "Moscow ngasekupheleni"
I-apple yesihlahla saseMoscow kamuva ihlukaniswa nokukhula kwayo okukhulu nezithelo ezinkulu.
UMoscow kamuva umuthi onamandla. Uma utshala imbewu futhi eminyakeni embalwa yokuphila, inombono omkhulu womqhele we-pyramidal; uma ufinyelela ekuvuthweni, umqhele ushintsha isimo sawo ovundlile.
I-bark ine-tint engavamile okwebala elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amagatsha amakhulu akhula ngokuzungeza, enecala elincane. Amahlamvu amakhulu ngobukhulu, ukuma kwamaqabunga i-elliptical, iphuzu likhomba ngokuqinile.
Ubukhulu bezithelo kudlula isisindo esilinganisweni sama-apula ajwayelekile (iningi lezithelo zaseMoscow Ngemuva kwesilinganiso sika-165 g, ezinye izibonelo zifinyelela ku-210-235 g), ukuma kwama-apula kunama-conical, okujikeleziwe, ubuso bubushelelekile, ukukhwabanisa akusekho.
Lapho usukhulile (ngesikhathi sokuvuna), isithelo sinombala ophuzi okwesibhakabhaka nge-pink unobtrusive blush ohlangothini olukhanya kakhulu ilanga.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, umbala uguqula igolide, i-tint eluhlaza iyahamba. Inyama yesithelo inesakhiwo esimisiwe esihle, kunalokho sinomsoco futhi sinomnandi, umbala ubumhlophe, ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa kwamanye ama-shades.
Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo nazo zingaziqhayisa ngezithelo ezinkulu: i-Idared, iMarat Busurin, i-Moscow Hrushovka, i-Orlov ne-Orlovsky iphayona.
Isithombe
Bona ngezansi ngezithombe zeMoscowvaya apula ezihlukahlukene:
Umlando wokuzala
Bred by umsebenzi umzalisi S. I Isaev. Ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ezidalwe yi-MSU. M. V. Lomonosov. Ukukhula ngempumelelo okokuqala ngo-1961.
Ukukhiqiza i-apple yesihlahla se-Moskovskoye, kwasetshenziswa ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili ze-apula: iNyakatho Synapse kanye neCinnamon New. Kulawulwa ngokusemthethweni kuphela ngo-2001.
Isifunda esikhulayo
Izinhlobonhlobo ziye zasakazwa ngentshiseko kulo lonke isifunda esifundeni futhi zitholakala ezindaweni eziseduze.
Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ze-apula Moskovskoe kamuva zingatholakala e-Central Russia, e-Ukraine naseBelarus.
Kulezi zifunda, izinhlobo zihlonywe ngempumelelo: Uslada, Autumnal ngaphansi, Winter Beauty, Nadezhda no Antonovka ezivamile.
Ukuthela
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi okokuqala kwakucatshangwa ukuthi iMoscow yaqala ukuphumelela ngonyaka weshumi emva kokutshala - kwakuyilokhu okwakunikwa izithelo zokuqala zomuthi wamaphayona. Kodwa kwavela ukuthi izithombo zithela izithelo ngokushesha, ngonyaka we-6-7.
Izithelo zivela ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, isivuno esiphakathi komuthi ngamunye ngu 160 kg.
Ezindaweni ezivela ku-hektare elilodwa lomhlaba otshalwe ngeLate Moscow, abantu abafika ku-110 abavuna isivuno bayavuna.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
I-apula yemifino yaseMoscow ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kamuva; ihambisana ngokugcwele nezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokunakekelwa nokutshala izihlahla ze-apula ende. Cabanga okuningi.
Uma ukhetha isitayela, qaphela isimo somuthi wesihlahla. Uma i-trunk ivinjiwe kakhulu, isimiso sempande sibonakala sonakalisiwe noma intamo impande ayibonakali, akufanele ukuthenga isihlahla.
Kukhona ithuba elihle lokuthi ukuthungatha okungeke kuthathwe nhlobo noma kuzodala ukukhubazeka, okuzophazamisa ikhwalithi yesitshalo.
Ngemuva kokuthenga isithombo, kumele kufinyelelwe ngokweqile ekukhuleni (ukusika) kuya kuma-80 cm. Uma izimpande zifushane kunama-40 cm, uthathe ngisho nangaphansi kwama-80 cm, ngoba izimpande ezincane ngeke zikwazi ukondla umqhele ngokwanele.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, qinisa uhlelo lwempande le-seedling, ususe izimpande ezilimazayo, uchithe indawo ye-cutoff nge-decoction yensimu.
Uma izimpande zenzalo zinomile kakhulu, zama ukubeka izimpande emanzini ebusuku, khona-ke isitshalo sizothola kangcono futhi sisheshe.
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokuhlalisa izihlahla ezincane inamanzi. Kubalulekile ukumba umgodi wokufika, ngenkathi uhlukanisa izingqimba ezingenhla nezingezansi zenhlabathi. Kunconywa ukuba ubeke ingxube yensimbi engenhla engenhla kanye nezithasiselo zomanyolo (humus, umquba) ngaphansi komgodi wokutshala.
Kuvinjelwe ukubeka umquba omusha engxenyeni engadini. Ingxube yomanyolo igcwele ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ngaphandle kokungcola okungama-5-6 cm, ukuze izimpande zezimbewu azixhumane ngokuqondile nama-fertilizer. Ukuxhumana okunjalo kungabangela izimpande zishiswe.
Inhlanganisela yomanyolo nenhlabathi kufanele yenze uhlobo oluthile lwesigundane lapho kufakwe khona isithombo.
Umgogodla uqhutshwa eduze kwesithombo, lapho umuthi uboshiwe ukuze ugweme ukuguqulwa kwe-trunk ngaphansi kwesisindo somqhele.
Izimpande zenzalo zigcwele izendlalelo, lapho kusetshenziselwa ukuvunwa kuyadingeka ukugubha kancane, ungaphinda uhambise izingqimba zomhlabathi ukuze uvumelane ngokwengeziwe. Ngemuva kokutshala, kunconywa ukuphuza umuthi ngamabhakede amabili amanzi.
Esinye sezikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni kweMoscow - kuphuza. I-Moscow idinga ukuchelela okunomsoco nokuchichima, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu phakathi nenkathi yezimbali kanye nezikhathi ezomile.
Hlanganisa isihlahla nge-sod noma i-clover ye clover, bayothola ukuhlushwa okufisa okufunayo.
Ukudubula kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqaliseni kahle amandla amakhulu esihlahla. Kule ndaba, ngonyaka olandelayo ngemuva kokuphuma, baqala ukwenza umqhele ngobuciko.
Amahlumela nezinhlumela ezincane ezikhula ngaphakathi komqhele noma lezo zihlahla ezikhula nge-angle elula zifinyeziwe. Uma isitsha sokuqala sesitshalo saqala ukuqhakaza eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe kwesithupha, kunconywa ukusika izimbali. Futhi entwasahlobo zonke amagatsha angafanelekile, aphukile, aphulile aqoshiwe.
Kubalulekile ukugcina inhlabathi ihlanzekile, okungukuthi, ukukhipha wonke ukhula, ukhulule nokhula. Umquba womanyolo owusizo kanye nohlaza obunamanzi.
Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo, isihlahla sakho sondliwa nge-saltpeter, urea, nomlotha.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Apple crab
Lesi sifo singathí sina, singaholela ekufeni kwesihlahla. Ngesikhathi sokugula, amafomu okuqina ku-trunk, umqhele namagatsha, emva kwalokho inqubo yokubola iqala ekukhuleni.
Ukulimala akukwazi ukuvuleka kuphela, kodwa futhi kuvaliwe (gxuma ama-exfoliates ngemuva kokubola). Emayelana nezilonda, uma ishiywe ingalashwa, umngcele obomvu ubonakala, lapho indawo yesilonda iqhubeka khona.
Ukwelashwa: Uma lesi sifo sitholakalayo esigabeni sokuqala, izindawo ezimele zimele zenziwe nge-broth engadini noma i-Bordeaux liquid. Amagatsha awonakele anquma futhi ashise ngaphandle kwensimu.
Scab
Izifo ezibangelwa ama-fungal spores. Ukutheleleka kwama-fungal "kuphuma" emaqabunga aphihliwe futhi ebola kusukela ekwindla. Isifo sokuqala sithinta intwasahlobo amahlamvu amancane namahlumela.
Kuboniswe ngendlela ephuzi, izindawo ezikhanyayo, nge-oily sheen.
Uma kungelashwa ngesikhatsi, amaqabunga aphelile, kanti ukugula kuya ezithelo ezikhulayo, amaqabunga, ama-ovari.
Ukwelashwa: Ngemuva kweqabunga ekwindla kuwela umuthi uphathwa nge-urea ezinyathelo zokuvimbela. Kukhona nezinye izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ezicubungula isihlahla esivele sifile: "Scor", isisombululo se-Bordeaux utshwala (senziwa kathathu, isikhathi esisodwa sesikhathi esisodwa, amaphesenti amabili - amaphesenti owodwa), i-Cumulus, i-Scor nabanye.
Idonsa likaMealy
Lesi sifo singathí sina, njengoba sithinta ngokuphelele izingxenye ezibalulekile zomuthi. Iningi elibonakalayo emaqabungeni, kubonakala sengathi liqhakaza elimhlophe, elifana nofulawa noma uthuli, ngezigaba ezithuthukile ukukhula kuguqule umbala ube mnyama.
Uma kushiywe kungalashwa, amaqabunga ayomile, futhi lesi sifo sithinta kalula ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwesiqu.
Ukwelashwa: Izindawo ezonakalisiwe zihlungwa futhi zisuswe endaweni engadini. Umuthi uphathwa ngesisombululo somuthi "I-Topaz" (2 ml ngalinye ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi), ungasebenzisa futhi i- "Skor".
Isixazululo sihlanjululwe kahle ngezinkuni, futhi ekugcineni kwe-fruiting iphathwa nge-Bordeaux liquid.
Ungakhohlwa ngezinambuzane zesithelo sesithelo se-apula bese uthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngesikhathi esifanele ngokumelene ne-moth kanye ne-moth yezimayini, izithelo ze-sapwood, i-haws kanye nezinsipho.
Ukuze unakekele i-apula ehlukahlukene yaseMoscow kamuva ngeke udinga umzamo omkhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zithobekile, zinezivuno ezivuthiwe, izithelo eziphakeme kakhulu zezithelo kanye nokuphila kwelanga elide.
I-minus kuphela ekhonjisiwe namhlanje ukuthambekela komqhele wokutshala.
