I-Fittonia isitshalo esibucayi esidlekayo esinamahlumela esishintshashintshayo nephethini ehlukile engajwayelekile emithanjeni. Ungowomndeni wakwa-Acanthus futhi uhlala ePeru nakwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu Melika. Yize iFittonia ingaqhakaza, emasikweni it yenzelwe ubuhle bayo kanye nephethini enhle ngamaqabunga athambile. Izitshalo ezincanyana zifanele amakamelo amancane. Izofihla ngokuphelele inhlabathi ebhodweni futhi isetshenziswe ngokubambisana nezindlu. Uhlobo lwesivakashi sasezindaweni ezishisayo selungenamikhawulo, ngakho-ke ekhaya kuyodingeka ulandele ngokuqinile imithetho yokunakekelwa, uma kungenjalo isihlahla esiqhakazile ngeke sikhule.
Incazelo yezitshalo
IFittonia iyi-herbaceous perennial. Siqukethe amahlumela aguquguqukayo avela emhlabathini. Ukuphakama kwehlumela kungeqi kumasentimitha ayi-10. Uhlelo lwempande lweFittonia alunamizwa eyingqayizivele. Iziqu ezithambile ze-fleecy, lapho zihlangana nenhlabathi, nazo zivele ngokushesha.
Amaqabunga e-oval e-petiole aphikisayo akhula emahlumela asondelene. Banemaphethelo acwebile nendawo ephezulu bushelelezi. Emuva kunenqwaba yesikhashana emfushane. Ubude beqabunga buyi-6-10 cm. Imichilo emincane ecwebezelayo itholakala emithanjeni esephepheni lamaqabunga aluhlaza. Kumaqabunga amancanyana, apendwe ngesiliva, ophuzi noma opinki, bese ngeminyaka iba luhlaza okotshani.
Entwasahlobo noma ehlobo, kuvuleke izikejana ezinde ezingenasici ezivela kumacala amaqabunga. Iphatha ama-buds amaningi amancane aqoqwe kuma-inflorescence abunjwe ngesi spike. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza kusuka ezansi kuya phezulu. Abameleli inani lobuhle. Ama-corollas amancane aphuzi efomu elifanele atholakala eduze komunye nomunye futhi ahlala ngokuqinile esicibeni. Kusukela phansi bafihlwe yi-bract eyodwa enkulu. Ububanzi bembali nge-bract abudluli ku-1 cm.
Izinhlobo zasendlini zeFittonia
Uhlobo lwe-Fittonia luncane. Inezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-10 kuphela. Kulezi, ezimbalwa kuphela ezisetshenziswa njengezimbali zasendlini.
I-Fittonia Vershaffelt. Lolu hlobo seluthole ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kunakho konke. Ngokwesisekelo sayo, izinhlobo ezihlotshisiwe eziningi zokuhlobisa zavunwa. Lesi sitshalo siqukethe izingcembe ezigobekayo ezihlanganiswe ngembobo embozwe nge-silvery iDemo. Amaqabunga e-oval noma ama-ovoid akhulu ngosayizi. Ubude bawo buyi-5-10 cm, futhi ububanzi bawo buyi-4-5 cm. Isisekelo sepuleti leshidi liyindilinga futhi lithatha isimo esijulile esinomzimba esibuthaka. Ingaphezulu leqabunga lingumnqumo noma luhlaza okotshani. Kuyo kukhona amaseli abomvu esiliva noma e-carmine. Izinhlobo:
- i-fittonia yesiliva - amaqabunga amancane ambozwe ngesigaxa esimhlophe-grey;
- IFittonia ibomvu - i-mesh eceleni kwemithambo inombala obomvu, opinki noma onsomi onesikhungo esigcwaliswe ngaphezulu noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, onqenqemeni;
- josan - amaqabunga anemiphetho ye-wavy nesikhungo esikhanyayo ambozwe ngemisebe epinki futhi edwetshwe ngentambo emnyama eluhlaza;
- I-White Anna - amaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama nesikhungo esilula embozwe ngemisebe emincane kakhulu.
IGiant Fittonia (enkulu). Ukubuka okuwukuphela amahlumela aqhakaze amagatsha. Ukuphakama kwaso kufinyelela ku-60 cm. Iziqu ezibomvu zimbozwe zimbozwe ngethaphu elithambile. Amacembe amakhulu amakhulu kuma-petioles amafushane akhula kuwo. Usayizi wepuleti eshidi ngu-10-16 cm ubude nama-4-10 cm ububanzi. Ingaphezulu leshidi liyacwebezela. Iphethini encane ebomvu iyabonakala ephepheni eliluhlaza okotshani.
Izindlela zokuzala
I-Indoor imbali iFittonia izala kahle ngezindlela zemifino. Isikhathi esihle sokwenza izinqubo entwasahlobo noma ihlobo, lapho amahora omhla wokudla enkulu ngokwaneleyo.
Ukuthola isitshalo esisha kusuka ku-cutways, sinqume phezulu kwehlumela kusuka ku-8 cm ubude.Kufanele kube namaqabunga aphilile angama-3-5. I-Rooting yenziwa ngesihlabathi esimanzi noma emanzini ngokushisa kwe- + 26 ... + 28 ° C. Kuyadingeka ukumboza isitshalo ngesikhwama sepulasitiki. Izikhathi eziningana ngesonto, cap iyasuswa bese kukhishwa i-condensate. Inqubo ithatha izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2. Ngokufika kwezimpande, ukusika kungatshalwa emhlabathini wezitshalo zabantu abadala.
Isihlahla esikhule kakhulu kufanele sihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningi ngesikhathi sokufakelwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa imbali ebhodweni bese uyikhulula ngokucophelela ecebeni lobumba. Kubalulekile ukufaka ubuncane bomonakalo ku-rhizome. Ngeladi elibukhali, isitshalo sihlukaniswe izingxenye futhi masinyane sitshalwe ngokwehlukana.
Njengoba izinqubo ze-Fittonia zizimela ngokuzimela lapho zithintana nenhlabathi, ukuzala kabusha ngokubekwa kolwelwesi kolona kungubuhlungu kakhulu futhi kushesha. Kwanele ukugoba ihlumela enhlabathini kubhodwe ofanayo noma kwesinye isitsha bese ucindezela kancane phansi. Abaphezulu kufanele bahlale bekhululekile. Kungemva kokumiswa kwezimpande kuphela lapho ihlumela linqanyulwa esitshalweni sikamama.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
I-Fittonia isitshalo esidinga ukudinga imizuzu embalwa yokunakwa nsuku zonke. Ukuya eholidini elide futhi ushiye imbali inganakekelwa ngeke isebenze.
Isibani Kubekwa imbiza yezimbali ngokukhanya okukhanya okugqamile. Kungaba iwindi lasempumalanga noma entshonalanga. Efasiteleni eliseningizimu, ntambama ehlobo, amaqabunga afakwa imibala ukuze kungabikho okushayo. Ebusika noma efasiteleni elisenyakatho, sebenzisa isibani sangemuva. Ngokukhanyisa okunganele, iziqu zelulwa kanye nebanga phakathi kwezindawo liyanda, umehluko wephethini emaqabungeni nawo uyancipha.
Ukushisa I-fitton enothando lokushisa iyadingeka ukuqinisekisa okuqukethwe okufudumele unyaka wonke. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngu- + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Ebusika, kungancishiswa kancane (kuya ku-18 ° C). Uma kushisa kakhulu ehlobo, udinga ukukhipha umoya egumbini ngokuvamile. Ukubeka imbali ngaphandle akunconywa. Esimweni sethu sezulu, ukupholisa ebusuku kuzoba nzima kakhulu kuye. Okusalungiswa nakho kuyonakalisa isitshalo.
Umswakama. IFittonia idinga umswakama ophezulu. Ifafazwa nsuku zonke noma ibekwe eduzane namachibi, amaphallet anezinhlaka zemvelo kanye nobumba olumanzi olunwetshiwe. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane, kufanelekile ukutshala imbali e-aquarium noma kuflashi elikhulu, lapho kugcinwa khona i-microclimate yayo.
Ukunisela. Ngenkathi efudumele, iFittonia imvamisa futhi iniselwa kakhulu. Inhlabathi kumele yome kuphela phezu komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, ukuhamba kwamanzi akufanele kuvunyelwe. Konke ukweqisa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuniselwa kususwe epanini. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukunisela nokufafaza kuyancishiswa ukuze ukhunta ungakhuli.
Umanyolo Ngo-Ephreli-Okthoba, kabili ngenyanga, iFittonia yondliwa ngesakhiwo samaminerali. Sebenzisa kangcono uhhafu wokusebenzela ngasikhathi. Ukuqunjelwa kufakwe emanzini okunisela bese kusetshenziswa enhlabathini.
Izihlahla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amahlumela angaba mude kakhulu futhi angabi nasici phansi. Ukuvimbela lokhu, udinga njalo ukucindezela amathiphu bese usika imbali. Entwasahlobo yenza ukuthenwa. Iziqu zifushaniswa ngesigamu. Ukulungisa izinwele ngokweqile kunganciphisa ukukhula futhi kunciphise ukuhlobisa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyifeza kancane ngezigaba eziningana.
Ukufakelwa Isitshalo esinezimbali ezingasho lutho sibekwa emabhodweni asicaba nawabanzi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-fittonia kubukeka kahle kakhulu ebhodweni elingunxande noma eliyindilinga ebanzi, lapho izingoma ezithokozisayo zihlanganiswa khona izitshalo ezimbalwa ezincane, njengekhaphethi elukiwe yingcweti enekhono. Isendlalelo sokudonsa amanzi sibekelwa phansi. Isikhala esiphakathi kwezimpande sigcwalisiwe ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi yezingxenye ezilinganayo:
- isihlabathi;
- umhlaba we-coniffort;
- umhlaba wamashidi;
- Peat.
Kungcono ukwenza ukufakelwa njalo ngonyaka. I-Fittonia ikhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke emva kweminyaka engama-2-3 iphinde yenziwa kabusha.
Ubunzima ekunakekelweni
Izifo ezivame kakhulu ze-Fittonia izifo ezitholakala ngokukhunta (ukubola kwezimpande, i-Powdery isikhutha, i -hlamvu mosaic). Zenzeka lapho kusetshenziswa i-substrate esezingeni eliphansi, ukuxhumana nesinye isitshalo esinegciwane, kanye nokunisela okungafanele kanye namazinga okushisa asekamelweni eliphansi.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane, uqweqwe, umucu wesigcawu kanye ne-mealybug ziyahlukaniswa. Ama-parasites aqoqwa ngesandla noma aphathwe ngesinambuzane ("Aktara", "Aktellik").
Ngokunakekelwa okungafanele, ukubukeka kweFittonia kuwohloka kakhulu, kepha isimo singalungiswa uma imishini yezolimo ilungiswa. Nazi izindaba ezinkulu:
- ishiya eyomile ne-curl kusuka emaphethelweni - umswakama ophansi;
- amaqabunga ansundu aphelile - ukuntuleka komanyolo;
- amaqabunga abuna futhi aqothule - ukuthambisa kuyadingeka;
- ukubola ngeziqu kanye ne-petioles - ukuvezwa kokusalungiswa namazinga okushisa aphansi;
- ipuleti leshidi liba mncane futhi liphele - ukukhanya kukhanye kakhulu.
