I-Apple Orlovsky Sinapa kakhulu iyaziswa kakhulu ngabalimi abanolwazi, naphezu kokuthi lokhu kuyisimanje sokuvuthwa kwe-apula.
Izihlahla zifinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu. Ukulimala kuza kuqala.
Izithelo zidumile ngezindawo zazo eziphezulu ze-organoleptic kanye nenani eliphezulu lezinto eziphilayo.
Uhlobo luni?
I-Oryol Sinap ingezokuhluka kwesikhathi sehlobo sasebusika. Isihlahla se-Apple liyizinhlobo zezinhlobo zasebusika-eziqinile. Izikhathi zokugcina izithelo zibhekwa njengeziphakeme. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ukwandise lezi zikhathi, kubalulekile ukunikeza isitoreji esifanele ebusika:
- izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu yi-zero;
- ukugcinwa kweziqukathi zokhuni (izigubhu, izitsha, amabhokisi);
- igumbi elimnyama;
- umswakama wesihlobo 90-95%;
- ukulinganisa kwangaphambili ngobukhulu bezithelo;
- Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zigcinwa eziqukathi ezihlukene.
Izinhlobo zasebusika nazo zihlanganisa okulandelayo: i-Altynai, idared, i-Antonovka dessert, i-Golden Delicious noGranny Smith.
Ukuvota
"I-Sinap Orlovsky" iyakhulayo. Lokhu kungenye yezinzuzo ezinkulu kakhulu.
Kungakhathaliseki isimo sezulu nezimo zezulu, lezi zihlukahlukene ziyokhiqiza isivuno esiqinile.
Kodwa ukuhlala eduze kwe-apole impova yezinye izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kuzokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kweSinapa.
Okungcono, izitshalo zezitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili ekude kwamamitha amahlanu ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Incazelo ezihlukahlukene "Orlovsky synapse"
Isihlahla esikhulu esinamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esihlokweni esihle kanye nezithelo ezinemibala eminingi.
Ibonakala ngobukhulu obukhulu futhi isakazeka kabanzi, kodwa hhayi umqhele okhulu. Awekho amagatsha amaningi kakhulu esihlahleni, kodwa anamandla kakhulu futhi atholakale engeni lika 90-110 degrees. Ukuhluma amahlumela kanye ne-kolchatka.
Amahlumela aqoshiwe, usayizi ophakathi. Ama-lentile akusilo ngobukhulu obukhulu, avela esihlahleni ngobuncane. Leli qabunga likhulu, likhulu, li-pubescent, liluhlaza okombala elimnyama, linomumo we-obovoid.
Ephakathi, ngokuvamile ngenhla isilinganiso. Emthini owodwa ukhule izithelo ezilinganayo. Ubujamo buhlotshisiwe. Umbala we-apula uwuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngegolide elibomvu elibomvu. Isiqu somuthi walolu hlobo siwufushane.
Inkomishi ivame ukuvaliwe. Inyama ye-apula iyinifomu, iyamanzi, inemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iphunga elimnandi lilula. Isilinganiso se-organoleptic isilinganiso siyi-4.5-4.7.
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali we-apple yeSinap Orlovsky:
- ushukela (fructose, sucrose, maltose) - 9.4%;
- i-acid acid - 0.50%;
ascorbic acid - 13.8 mg nge-100 g; Izinto ezisebenza nge-P 195 mg nge-100 g; izinto ze-pectic - cishe ngo-9%.
Ukunambitheka okuhle nokuwusizo kuboniswa yizinhlobo ezilandelayo: Anis, Medunitsa, Dessert Petrova, Inkazimulo kulabo abawinile, Ubumnandi bobuhle.
Isithombe
In the photo apple "Sinap Orlovsky":
Umlando wokuzala
I-Apple ehlukahlukene i-Orlovsky Sinap yazalwa ngo-1995 e-All-Russian Research Institute yokuzalisa izithelo zezithelo kanye ne-All-Union Research Institute Yokulima. I.I. Michurin.
Itholakala ukuhlungwa kwezinhlobo ezimbili:
Abakhi bezinhlobonhlobo yi-E.N. Sedov, V.K. Zaets, N.G. Krasova, T.A. Trofimova.
Isifunda esikhulayo
Izindawo zokukhula zemvelo ziyizindawo eziningana zaseBelarus nasezindaweni ezilandelayo zaseRussia:
- I-Northwest;
- I-Middle Volga;
- Ephakathi.
Izinhlobonhlobo zithola kahle kwezinye izifunda ngokutshala okufanelekile nokuhambisana nemithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa (bheka ngezansi).
Kulezi zifunda, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zizibonakalise kahle: Ushukela ophuzi, i-Golden Kytayka, iMantet, uKandil Orlovsky no-Antonovka abavamile.
Ukuthela
Apple Orlovsky Sinapa iqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesine emva kokutshala.
Ezimweni ezithandekayo zezulu zivuthwe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaSeptemba. Isikhathi somthengi siqala ngoNovemba futhi siphela ngoMeyi.
Ukuvunwa okuphakathi kwemithi yama-apula - ama-cent cent 170 ehektheleni ngalinye. Isilinganiso samakhilogremu angu-80 esithelo sisuswa emthini owodwa.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Kusukela ekunakekeleni ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekuvuneni kwe-apula. Lapho utshala isihlahla usebenzisa umquba omdala.
Isihlahla sithinteka kalula ngokumiswa okubabayo, ngakho-ke KUBALULEKILE sebenzisa inhlabathi nge-calcium eyanele.
"Orlovsky synapse" - izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zasebusika ze-apula.
Ukutshala le ezihlukahlukene kuyadingeka esikhathini esisodwa kwezikhathi ezimbili:
- entwasahlobo (sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli);
- ekwindla (ekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba).
Nokho, kulolu banga namanje ekwindla kunconyiwe.
Amathiphu okutshala izinhlobo ze-apula "Sinap Orlovsky":
- ukuthenga izithombo ngenqubo yezimpande ezithuthukile futhi ukuzithenga endaweni ehambisana nezimo zezulu;
- ukufika endaweni enelanga;
- khetha insimu encane, bese iguqukela ngokushesha emhlabathini esakhiweni lapho isikhulile khona;
- Izindawo zokutshala kufanele zikhishwe kahle;
- ukuze umuthi ukhule uqine futhi ulethe isivuno esiphezulu, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise umhlabathi we-loam;
- ukutshala izihlahla ekude kwe-3-4 m kusuka komunye;
- ukulungisa kahle umgodi wokufika.
I-TIP: Uma kungekho loam, ungakwazi ukumba imingcele eyi-1 imitha ejulile futhi, ngokulingana okufanayo, ugcwalise ngesihlabathi, umquba kanye ne-peat crumb. Ukutshala ngale ndlela kuyodala izimo ezingcono kakhulu zokuhluma imbewu.
Ingqimba engenhla yomhlaba oqoshiwe ixubene nesendlalelo esingaphansi kanti umanyolo olandelayo uqaliswa:
- 18-20 kg yomquba;
- 250 amagremu ezinkuni;
- 250 g we-superphosphate;
- 100 amagremu we-potassium sulfate;
- 150 g we-calcium nitrate.
Umgodi ugcwele ingxube yomhlaba ngomanyolo we-2/3. Kusukela phezulu bathululela inhlabathi evundile ngaphandle kwemanyolo. I-Pit yaphuzisa futhi iphinda igcwalise ungqimba lomhlabathi ovundile.
Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala kubalulekile ukuthi isihlahla se-apula sasiboshwe emgodini wezinkuni (kungcono ukusebenzisa umuthi we-linden noma i-hazel).
Ngonyaka olandelayo emva kokutshala, entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukwakha umqhele owenziwe umuthi we-apula. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ekupheleni kwegatsha ngalinye.
Kuyinto efiselekayo eminyakeni emine kuya kwemihlanu ukunikeza izithelo ze-apula ukwakha (kubalulekile ukukhetha 80-100% yezimbali).
Ngonyaka wokuqala ngo-Ephreli, kubalulekile ukunisela izihlahla ezinezingxube ezivikela izilokazane. Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe kabili:
- lapho amaqabunga eqala ukuvuvukala emagatsheni;
- ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-apula ayidingi umanyolo okhethekile. Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo phakathi neminyaka emihlanu yokuqala emva kokutshala:
- ukubopha izihlahla ukuvikela emagundeni kanye nezinhlamvu (impahla - isikhumba, lapnik);
- ukuxubana nemibuthano ye humus pristvolnyh;
- ukuphakama komhlaba kuze kube ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angamashumi amabili.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobo zezitshalo "iSinap Orlovsky" zibhekene nokuphikisana ngokuqondile nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile kaningi:
- isikhumba se-powdery;
- isikhala;
- izimpumputhe ezibabayo.
Umama we-Mealy uyisifo se-fungal. Isibonakaliso saleso sifo siwukubukeka kwe-mycelium ukhunta ngesimo seqhwa elimhlophe emaqabunga emithi.
Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sibonakala ngemva kwemvula enamandla.
Ukwelashwa kwenzeka emthini kusuka phansi kuze kube yilapho kuhlaselwa ngokuphelele esihlahleni. Indlela engcono yokulwa nalesi sifo ukuwuvimbela, okuqukethe:
- impova ye-sulfur colloidal kanye nama-copper;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ngokumelene nesifo;
- ukubhujiswa kwezakhi ezithintekile;
- ukufaka umquba we-potash nohlobo lwe-phosphorus.
Isikali sithinta kakhulu amaqabunga esihlahla, bese sithatha isithelo. Isizathu sokubukeka kwale fungus ngokuvamile kuvame ukuqhuma umoya ngaphakathi komqhele wesihlahla noma ukukhuphuka komswakama.
Izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-scab zibukeka ngamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaqabunga, futhi enombalwa omkhulu obuncane obuncane, ekwenzeni i-crust, amabala ezithelo. Ukuze ugweme umonakalo wesikhumba, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa i-apple kwesihlahla sama-apula kwezinye izitshalo ensimini, uqaphele ngokucophelela isitshalo futhi uhlaziye njalo futhi uchithe umhlabathi.
Ukubambezeleka okuvuthiwe kuvame ukuvela ngenxa ye-calcium enganele ngokwanele emhlabathini, umthamo we-nitrogen fertilizer ngokweqile, umswakama ophezulu, isikhathi sokuvuna sekwephuzile, kanye nombuso wokugcina ongalungile. Lesi sifo sibonakala njengamabala omnyama agxilile futhi sithinta ingane yakho ngezindlela ezimbili:
- esihlahleni;
- ngesikhathi sokugcina.
Izindlela zokuvimbela izimpungushe ezibabayo:
- I-calcium chloride yokuphalaza ngenkathi yokukhula;
- isivuno esifike ngesikhathi;
- isitoreji esifanele sama-apula (bheka ngenhla).
Ngokuqondene nezinambuzane, ezivame kakhulu yi-apple miner moth, i-crust, i-hawthorn, izithelo zezitshalo kanye nezinsipho. Indlela yokuvikela ingadi yakho kubo, funda izihloko ezikhethekile zesayithi lethu.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-apula ze-Orlovsky Sinap zinomkhiqizo omuhle futhi ziletha izithelo ezinhle ngezinga eliphezulu lezinto eziphilayo. Njengoba kulungiswa okukhethekile, isitsha sesitshalo sizokhula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi.
Isihlahla asidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ukumelana okuphakathi kwezifo. Uma kunqotshwa izinambuzane, ukwelashwa akudingi umzamo omkhulu.
