Nakuba iningi libheka lingakapheli lupins izimbali zasendle futhi ucabanga ukuthi ukutshala nokunakekela izimbali kunzima ngokwanele ezimweni zensimu, lezi zitshalo ziya ngokuya zithandwa phakathi kwabalimi. Lupine - ummeleli womndeni we-legume, ene-root system ejulile yezinsizi. Izimbali ezincane ezibombala zitholakala esiteshini esinamandla, esinomzimba. Isikhathi sokukhula kwe-Lupine sincike kuhlobo lwesitshalo. Imbali inikezwa ngesimo se-shrub noma i-shrub.
Uyazi? Igama lembali livela lat. "I-Lupus" ingulube, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "inyosi yesilwane."Lesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi ungakhula kanjani i-lupins engapheli engadini yakho.
Ukukhetha indawo yokukhuphula i-lupins ensimini
I-Lupins ekwakhiweni kwedizadi, ama-alleys, izakhiwo ziya ngokuya zithandwa. Ukuze isitshalo sikhululeke futhi sikujabulise ngokubonakala kwayo, kufanele itshalwe endaweni enhle. Kungcono ukutshala i-lupine endaweni ekhanyayo ekhanyayo, ngoba emthunzini isitshalo saphela futhi silahlekelwa ukubukeka kwayo okuhlobisa.
Uma ukhula lupine, kuyadingeka ukuba ulandele imithetho ye-agrotechnology, efaka phakathi umbuzo wabandulele. Izandulela ezifanele kakhulu ze-lupine zizoba izitshalo zasebusika kanye nezitshalo ezivuthayo. Uma unquma ukutshala i-lupine esikhundleni se-cereal esetshenziswa njalo noma isitshalo esisodwa - akufanele ukwenze lokhu. Ukuze uvikele lesi sitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzane, kungcono ukutshala imbali kude nemifino ebomvu futhi ehlala isikhathi eside. Uma ufuna ukuhamba ne-lupine endaweni efanayo neyokuqala, lokhu kungenziwa kuphela eminyakeni engu-3-4.
Kubalulekile! Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukhule i-lupins endaweni enomoya, kungcono ukubopha imbali ekusekeleni ukuze isitshalo singaphuli.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-lupins ensimini yakhe bese uqala ukukhula kwezimbali ezivela kumbewu, kuyadingeka ukuba wenze ezinye izinqubo zokulungiselela. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala. Le nqubo kufanele iqale ekwindla, ngemuva kokuvuna, ngaphambi kokumba isayithi. Ukuze ugweme ukubola kwesimiso, kanye nokugqugquzela ukukhula okunempilo kwesitshalo, kudingeke ukuba umhlabathi uthinteke. Futhi isinyathelo esibalulekile kuyoba ukulungiselela imbewu, okungase kudingeke itshalwe izithombo ze-lupine esitsheni esinomhlabathi ovulekile.
Ukwandisa i-lupine kusuka enzalweni ngokusebenzisa izithombo
Ukukhula kwezithombo ze-lupine kuyinkambinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi nesikhathi esiningi. Ukuze inqubo ihambe kahle, kudingeka wenze konke, ulandele imithetho, bese uzothola isitshalo esimangalisayo engadini yakho.
Kungcono nini ukuqala ukuhlwanyela imbewu
Kungcono ukuqala ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kusukela ekupheleni kukaFebruwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi, lapho izinga lokushisa seluqinisiwe. Ukuze imbewu ihlume kangcono, izitshale izithombo kangcono endaweni efudumele.
Ingxube yomhlabathi yokuhluma
Ekuhlaleni i-lupine, ukukhetha inhlabathi kubaluleke kakhulu, okungcono kakhulu okwenziwe ngokuxuba ingxube enesihlabathi, umhlaba we-sod kanye ne-peat ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo.
Uyazi? Uma izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinamakhemikhali ezindala ezomisiwe zengezwe enhlabathini, izithombo ziyokhula ngokushesha.Umhlabathi wokutshala akufanele ube manzi kakhulu futhi ukhululekile.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-lupine yezithombo
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu ye-lupine yezithombo, kufanele uqale uzilungiselele. Imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala igxile kwisisombululo se-50% se "Fundazol" ukwandisa amathuba okuhluma. Thela i-substrate ibe isitsha esilungisiwe bese wenza amapulazi aphakathi kuka 1.5-2 cm kuwo, isitsha sesithombo kufanele sibe esikhulu, noma uma usebenzisa isitsha encane, kungcono ukuhlwanyela imbewu encane. Imbewu isanda kuthunyelwa emiphongolweni futhi igcwele i-primer.
Uma izithombo zimi endaweni efudumele, akudingekile ukuba ugcwale inhlabathi nge-peat, kodwa uma izithombo zisendaweni epholile, kungcono ukugubha imbewu ehlwanyelwe. Uzobona amahlumela okuqala ngemva kwamasonto amabili.
Kubalulekile! Ukusheshisa ukuvela kwamahlumela, ungakwazi ukumboza isitsha nge ingilazi noma i-polyethylene.
Imbewu etshalwe idinga ukuphuziswa ngokushesha uma uqaphela ukuthi ungqimba oluphezulu lwe-substrate selomile. Ngenkathi yokunisela, ukukhululeka kufanele kwenziwe, noma kunjalo, kusukela ekunkeleni kwesibili, ukuze ungabuni imbewu. Uma umboze isitsha ngepulasitiki - udinga ukukususa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uthole umoya omusha.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Izithombo zitshalwe endaweni engapheli emva kwamasonto angu-2.5-3, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya selivele likhuphuka. Izithombo zitshalwe emhlabathini omanzi omanzi. Ukutshala izitshalo ezifanelekile, ezivele zivele kumaqabunga amabili omdala. Emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo kufanele zitshalwe endaweni ehloniphekile ukusuka komunye nomunye - okungenani okungama-35 cm. Inqubo yokufika kumele iqhutshwe ngokucophelela ukuze ingalimazi uhlelo lwempande ngesikhathi sokudonsa. Ukutshala amahlumela angathuthuki noma ababuthakathaka akudingekile, ngoba angeke abe namandla futhi nje okuzokwenzeka.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-lupine ngqo emhlabathini
Lapho ukukhiqizwa kwezinzalo ze-lupine varietal izici kungenakulondolozwa: umbala ohlukile ungavela. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile kuyinkqubo elula futhi kuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi kokutshala lupine ngendlela yokutshala.
Kungcono nini ukuqala ukuhlwanyela imbewu
Embuzweni wokuthi ungahlwanyela yini lupins emhlabathini ovulekile, akufanele ugijime. Izinhlobo ezingapheli ze-lupins, ngokuyinhloko, azizesabi amaqhwa, kodwa kungcono ukulinda kuze kufike isikhathi esifudumele. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu salokhu yingxenye yokuqala ka-Ephreli. Uma uhlwanyela i-lupins ngalesi sikhathi, uzobe unomsizi ngonyaka ozayo engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJune.
Isu lokuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini
Akwanele ukunquma ukuthi ukutshala lupini emhlabathini ovulekile ngembewu, usadinga ukwazi ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu. Inqubo yokuhlwanyela ilula futhi ifana kakhulu nenqubo yezithombo ezikhulayo. Ukutshala emhlabathini olungiselelwe, kubalulekile ukwenza imifino encane nge-2-3 cm ejulile. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, umhlabathi uqala ukufaka umanyolo ngokufaka u-superphosphate, umlotha, ufulawa wama dolomite, nesihlabathi noma ubumba.
Emanzi ngaphambili "imbewu ye-Readzole" idinga ukuhlwanyelwa ekujuleni kwe-2 cm futhi ifafazwe nge-substrate. Kusukela phezulu, imbewu kufanele ihlanganiswe ngendlala ka 1.5-2 cm. Kudingekile ukuba uhambise inhlabathi kuye ngezimo zezulu, ngoba lesi sitshalo ngeke siphume emhlabathini ongenamanzi.
Uyazi? Kungenzeka ukuhlwanyela i-lupins emhlabathini ovulekile hhayi kuphela entwasahlobo, kodwa nasehlobo nasekwindla.
Izici ukunakekela lupine engadini
Ukunakekela lupins kuyinto elula futhi akudingi ukutshala izimali okuningi. Ukuze imbali ikwazi ukukhululeka, kubalulekile ukuphucula kahle, ukudla okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokukhula kokhula isitshalo.
Indlela yokuphuza i-lupins
Ukunakekela i-lupins kuwukuba amanzi ahlanzeke kahle. Inani lomswakama oludingekayo ngesitshalo lihluka kuye ngokuthi isimo sezulu siyini. Esikhathini esishisayo, esomile, i-lupins idinga amanzi amaningi. Ukuphuza lesi sitshalo kufanele kube nokuningi, kodwa hhayi njalo. Ukunisela kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi ahlukene asemvula.
Ukukhulula nokukhipha inhlabathi endaweni
Ukukhululeka kunomthelela ekungeneni okungcono kwe-oxygen enhlabathini futhi kucebise uhlelo lwempande ngalo. Ngokuqondene nokhula, uma ungawaxoshi ngesikhathi, isitshalo singase sibe nesikhala esincane, noma izinambuzane "ziyohamba" ku-lupine enempilo.
Kubalulekile! Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuba uthele phansi ngaphansi kwehlathi ukuze i-collar yezimpande ingabi yize futhi ivikelwe emakhazeni nasemimoya.
Umanyolo we-Lupine
Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, i-lupins ayidingi ukondla okwengeziwe. Isikhathi sokuqala izimbali zidinga ukukhulelwa ngonyaka wesibili, umquba wamaminerali ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen ngokuvamile usetshenziselwa lokhu. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyenzeka entwasahlobo. Izitshalo kufanele zibe nesilinganiso: Kumamitha angu-1 esayithi kuyadingeka ukuletha u-20 g we-superphosphate no-5 g we-calcium chloride. Kudingeka ukondle isitshalo njalo entwasahlobo.
Ukusekela ama-lupins amakhulu
Naphezu kokuthi i-lupins ingaba yinde kakhulu, isiqu salesi simbali sinzima kakhulu. Ngezinhlobo ezide ze-lupine, isiqu singase siphume ngaphansi kwethonya lemimoya eqinile, ngakho-ke kungcono ukunakekela ukusekelwa kwezimbali. Ngenxa yalokhu, isigxobo sendonga noma isigxobo esijwayelekile sokhuni esifanele singcono kakhulu. Ukubopha isitshalo akudingeki kakhulu.
Indlela yokufeza izimbali ze-lupins emakhazeni
Ukuze ukwandise izimbali ze-lupins, ungawahlwanyela emthunzini omnyama, bese umbala uzoba mnandi kakhulu, kodwa uzohlala isikhathi eside embali. Ngakho ukuthi ukuqhakaza kugcinwe kuze kubande kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuba imbewu ivele, udinga ukusika ama-flower stalks bese ulinda izimbali ezintsha ngo-Agasti. Kulesi simo, imbewu ingaqoqwa ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala.
Isikhathi sokuvuna nokuthi ungagcina kanjani imbewu ye-lupine
Ukuvuthwa kwembewu kubonakaliswe ukuphuza kwe-seed pod ngesimo se-pod. Lapho imbewu yokuvuna, kubalulekile ukuthi ungabavumeli ukuba basakaze esifundeni bese behlwanyela ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngokushesha uma uqaphela ukuthi imbewu ye-seed pod iqala ukuphuzi, kungcono ukuyiqoqa futhi, ngaphandle kokuyiphuca, uyibeke esikhwameni seplastiki.
Yenza okufanayo namanye ama-pods. Ngakho-ke, emva kwesikhashana uzobona esikhwameni sakho imbewu eningi kakhulu. Ungawagcina ephaketheni elifanayo, kuphela ngokususa i-pre-pod. Indawo ingcono ukukhetha eyomile futhi emnyama.
Indlela yokulungiselela izihlahla eziphelile ze-lupine ebusika
Ukulungiselela ama-lupins ebusika kuqala ngokusika iziqu ezimile, amaqabunga aphuzi. Ezindaweni ezipholile kakhulu ze-lupins ezikhulayo, indawo yokukhosela yezimbali ne-peat izodinga futhi.
Uyazi? Ngaphambi kobusika, wonke amaqabunga awile kufanele asuswe ngaphansi kwehlathi. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuqedwe izinambuzane nezifo ezikhona.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-lupins cuttings
Ukuze usakaze i-lupine nge-cuttings, kubalulekile ukusika izinso (esakhiwe phansi kwesiteji) kanye nengxenye yekhola yezimpande bese uyitshala emhlabathini onesihlabathi. Izimpande zokuqala ze-cuttings zakhiwa ngezinsuku ezingu-20-25, khona-ke ungakwazi ukufakelwa izitshalo endaweni ehlala njalo. Uma unquma ukwenza izihlahla entwasahlobo, kuzomele uthathe i-rosette phansi kwesitshalo, futhi uma ehlobo, amahlumela ahlangene nawo afana nama-axils eqabunga.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-lupine cuttings kungagcina umbala wamaqabunga.
I-Lupine izinambuzane nezinyathelo zokulawula izifo
Ngokuvamile, i-lupine igula ngenxa yezimo zokukhula ezingafanele: Izinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni, ukukhanya okuncane, inhlabathi emanzi kakhulu kuyobangela ukuba imbali ibonakaliswe yi-powdery isikhutha. Izinyathelo zokulwa nalesi sifo zilula: ukwelashwa nge-fungicides, ukukhulula inhlabathi nokufaka umquba. Ukubola okumnyama nokubomvu kungalimaza isitshalo ngenxa yobuningi obuningi. Udinga ukulwa nabo ngosizo lwe-fungicides. Kusukela ezinambuzaneni ze-lupins ezihlasela imfucumfucu, ama-weevils we-nodule. Ungawaqeda ngezinambuzane, futhi izinyathelo zokuzivivinya zizohlanza amaqabunga awile kanye nezingxenye ezilimazayo zesitshalo.
Njengoba ungabona, ukunakekela lupine kulula futhi akudingi izindleko ezikhethekile. Imbali iyokujabulela ngokubukeka kwayo okuhlobisa futhi izohlobisa ingadi yakho iminyaka.
