Ngempela, ama-fern yizitshalo ezinomlando obuyela emuva emakhulwini ezinkulungwane zeminyaka, kanti ukulandelana kwamakhokho amakhulu ase-Osmunda (ahlanzekile) atholakale ku-Triassic (iminyaka engu-200-250 yezigidi ubudala) ezise-Antarctica.
Imvelaphi yegama lalo hlobo lwama-fern lihlotshaniswa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngezindawo zabo zokwelapha, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngezindawo zemilingo zesitshalo.
Esikhathini sangasenyakatho esasenyakatho yokuqala: Osmund (Asmund) - elinye lamagama egogo laseScandinavia uThan.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-Osmund genus zizindebe, izitshalo ezinamandla ngenye indlela noma ezinye izingxenye ezithwala izinhlangothi ezihlukene.
Zisetshenziselwa kabanzi ukudala amaqembu ahlobisa futhi anqabile ekuklanyeleni kwezwe landscape kanye nezindawo zokubeka izindawo ezinomthunzi obukhulu. Izinhlobo eziningana zivikelwe.
Izinhlobo
Emhlabathini ovulekile weqembu eliphakathi ngokuvamile kuvame ukukhula izinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlanzeka: ubukhosi, ama-Asian no-Clayton.
I-Royal
I-Osmund ibukhosini noma ikhula kahle emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, eCaucasus, emahlathini aseMelika, eNdiya, eAfrika, emathunjini nasezihlahleni.Engeningizimu, enomswakama okwanele, lolu hlobo lufinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha amabili.
Amaqabunga (eqinisweni, akusiwo amaqabunga, ama-botanists abiza ngokuthi ama-flatworms, i-vayyami) enesisindo, esikhumba, isici se-ferns, isakhiwo se-feathery.
Ebusika, bafa, kanti entwasahlobo bahluma futhi amahlumela abomvu, bese bekhula, baba luhlaza oluhlaza futhi ekwindla, ekupheleni komjikelezo wezitshalo, bathola umbala wegolide omsulwa.
Ngemva kokuhlakaza impikiswano, bathola umbala obomvu obomvu futhi baphume ngokucacile ngokumelene nesizinda esivamile sokukhanya.
Ama-subspecies ama-albhamu Ubukhulu be-Chistot:
Asia
I-Osmund Asiatic noma i-Cinnamon ikhula empumalanga yeNyakatho Melika, kanye nasesifundazweni saseMpumalanga Ekude, emahlathini amahlathi omanzi.
Uneziqabunga ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo, futhi amahlumela abomvu ahlanganiswe nezinhlamvu ze-fern, zivela ngoJuni, zihlanganisa phakathi nendawo ehlathini.
Izithombe ze-subspecies zase-Chistou zase-Asia:
Clayton's
I-Osmund Clayton ayitholakali kakhulu, emaphethelweni amanzi nasemiphakathini ekhanyayo yamahlathi aseNyakatho Melika, amaShayina, aseJapane nama-Himalaya.
Ngokuvame ukukhula eningizimu ye Primorsky Krai - lapho ivikelwe njengesitshalo esinqunyiwe.
Iba namaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-coated waxy, futhi njenge-Asian species, i-osmunds, ibuye ikhule nezinhlamvu emasimini aphakathi kwehlathi ehlobo, kodwa izingxenye zezingxenye azihlanganisi iqabunga lonke, kodwa zitholakala kuphela ezingxenyeni eziphakathi.
Ngaphakathi kwekwindla, amaqabunga ayafa, "ancibilika" ngoSeptemba ngombala we-orange-golden.
Izithombe ze-subspecies ze-Chistou Clayton:
Ukunakekelwa ekhaya
Ukukhanyisa
AmaFerns ahlanzekile emahlathini amahlathi ehlathini khetha izindawo ezinomthunzi nezindawo ezinomthunzi. Kodwa-ke, uma ubahlinzeka ngemiswakama ehlala njalo, bavumelanisa nezindawo ezikhanyisiwe.
Ukushisa
I-Osmund genus ikhula ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifudumayo nezifudumele.
I-Royal Osmund ingaphansi kokumelana nesithwathwa.
Ukubukeka kwe-Asian (sinamoni) neClayton ehlanzekile ukumelana nesithwathwa esingama-forty-degree.
Indawo yokuhlala ebusika
I-Chista yasebukhosini (i-stately) ikhuthazelela ngempumelelo ukushisa kwasebusika, uma uyimboza ngamacembe awile e-oki, i-maple noma i-linden.
Amahlamvu we-birch ne-pine izinaliti zendawo yokukhosela engasetshenzisiwe.
I-Asia ehlanzekile endaweni yokukhosela ayidingi, njengoClayton kuphela.
I-Adiantum, i-Polyrales, isisulu
Umswakama
Umswakama ophezulu - okuyimfuneko yokuthuthukiswa ama-fern, ikakhulu amafomu ehlathi, ahlanzekile. Uma kunomswakama omncane emhlabathini, ukukhula kunciphisa futhi cishe ingxenye eyodwa nengxenye kuya ezimpimpi ezimbili zamamitha ziba ngaphansi kakhulu.
Ukumelana nesomiso - isikhathi esilinganiselwe - kungaba kuphela isithuthuthu esithuthukile, esinde.
Ukuchelela okunamandla, ukutshala eduze kwamanzi kuvumela i-Osmund ukuba ikhule endaweni evulekile, ekhanyisiwe.
Umhlaba
I-Chistousta, njengazo zonke izinhlobo ze-ferns, zikhula ngokukhululekile, enhlabathini enomsoco.
Okufanele umhlaba wabo wokutshala kufanele uqukathe i-peat, amahlamvu abolile, izinhlamvu zephayini nesihlabathi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu akudingeki, futhi ama-humus, ikakhulukazi umquba, angaholela ekufeni kwalezi zitshalo.
Ukufakelwa
Ukuhlukaniswa nokuguqulwa okufana nokuvuselela okungcono okwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo lapho osmund iqala ukukhula.
Izimila noma izingxenye zabo ezihlukanisiwe zitshalwe ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi olungiselelwe ngokulondolozwa okukhulu kwe-coma yomhlaba.
Esikhathini sokukhula okukhulayo, ehlobo, ukufakelwa kabusha kungenzeka. Kulesi simo, kuyadingeka, ngaphezu kokulondolozwa kwezimpande, ukuqinisekisa umswakama ophezulu wenhlabathi.
Ama-ferns asetshenziselwe ukubuyisela futhi akhulise uhlelo lwempande kungakapheli unyaka noma amabili. Ngalesi sikhathi, banomswakama-onothando kakhulu.
Ukudubula
Ama-Osmund amaqabunga (ama-frond) ehlunywe lapho ehlukanisa isihlahla ehlobo. Ukudubula ngaphambi kokubusika kunconywa kuphela nge-osmund sinamoni.
Ukuzala
Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlamvu ezihlanzekile kungenzeka, kodwa kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo ukuhlwanyela, ngoba ukuphikisana okuqhubekayo kudlulela isikhathi esifushane - kungakapheli amasonto amabili. Izithombo ezihlwanyelwa umhlanzi zingahlala kahle, futhi ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ezincane kufanele libe ngaphansi kwamamitha ayisithupha nengxenye.
Ukuze kube nokukhiqiza okuhloswe ngokusemthethweni ezweni lamazwe, sebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-rhizome. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bezama ukubhubhisa igumbi lobumba, bahlukanisa amahlumela ohlangothini lwencithakalo bese behlwanyela endaweni elungiselelwe ngenhlabathi efanele.
Okuhle kakhulu, ukuhlinzwa okunjalo kwenzeka entwasahlobo, lapho amaqabunga amancane evele avele.
Ngesikhathi sehlobo ehlobo, amaqabunga e-fern kufanele aqedwe futhi aphuculwe ngcono izingxenye ezihleliwe zesitshalo kufanele ziqinisekiswe, ikakhulukazi njengoba i-delenki kunzima ukugxila, futhi ukukhula kwezibonelo ezigxile kuzo kudlula kancane eminyakeni eyodwa noma emibili.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Zonke izinhlobo ze-osmunds aziphathelwanga nezezifo noma izinambuzane.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo
Esikhathini sokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlanzi ezihlanzekile ezinezimpande ezinamandla - zizungeze uhlaka lomhlabathi lwesakhiwo esithile, esisetshenziselwa njenge-substrate ye-orchids ekhulayo.
Ngalokhu "I-Osmund peat" ihlonishwa ngokukhethekile ngaphansi kobukhosi obuhle (ubukhosi).
Izinwele zohlobo olufanayo lwe-osmund, oluxubene nekotini, lusetshenziswe ekujuleni kweJapane ukuze kwenziwe umkhiqizo wezingubo eziqinile.
I-sinamoni ehlanzekile (i-Asian) ingokwama-ferns adlekayo. Badla i-rachis, isiqu sehlumela elincane elinamaqabunga angakaze avele. Lezi zingxenye zenziwe usawoti noma ziphekwe emva kokuqoqwa, bese zisetshenziswe njenge-agent enambithekayo ezitsheni ezixutshwe.
Abathengisi bemithi abasaziwayo basebenzisa amaqabunga amaqabunga nama-rhizomes of sinamoni ngaphandle nje - njengokwelashwa okulimazayo kanye nomuthi wokulwa ne-antirheumatic, kanye nokungenisa kanye nezinkinga eziningi, kufaka phakathi nezifo zesitebe namathumbu.
Ukudlula ngokweqile izidakamizwa ze-fern kuyingozi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kusetshenziswa ngokucophelela futhi ngokucophelela.
I-Osmund (ehlanzekile) ikhula ngokulinganisela; isitshalo esinjalo asisoze sibe yokhula.
Le fern ayinayo kuphela isizalo esinesigidi esineminyaka eyizigidi ubudala, sinika ama-orchid substrates, izidakamizwa zokwelapha kanye nezithako zangaphandle zokunambitheka, kodwa futhi umhlobiso ophikisayo, ongenakuhlonipha, okhangayo wesayithi, ikakhulukazi izindawo zayo ezinomanzi nezomthunzi lapho izitshalo eziningi ezinqabile zingenakuphila khona.
