Enye yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu nezintandokazi zezinkomo emhlabeni jikelele ubisi lweHolstein.

I-Golshtinsky (Holstein-Friesian) imfuyo yezinkomo - enye yezinto ezifunwa kakhulu futhi ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni.

Okuvame kakhulu ukuthi itholakele USA, Canada, amazwe aseYurophu, kodwa manje ukhulile ngokugcwele kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba.

Umlando wohlanga lwaseHolstein

Lolu hlobo oluhle lunomlando othakazelisayo. Uyenzeka kusuka izinkomo ezimnyama nezimhlophe zaseDutchkungeniswe E-USA emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. I-Freenka yokuqala yathengwa ngumlimi waseMelika. UCheneri ngo-1852 eNetherlands.

Wayeqonda ukukhiqiza kwalolu hlobo, futhi ngenxa yeminyaka eminingi yokukhiqiza, wakhipha okusha, ethembisayo kakhulu. Ekuqaleni yena Holstein-Friesiankodwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 uthole igama Golshtinsky.

Ngaphakathi 1861 uyaziwa ngokomthetho e-america, futhi eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, i-Holstein-Frisian Breeding Society yadalwa, futhi kwavela incwadi yabo yezizwe. Kuya 1905 kuleli zwe kwakunezinhloko ezingaphezu kuka-7 000 zalezi zinhlobo.

Izilwane zahlukaniswa isivuno esikhulu kanye nekhwalithi elihle kakhulu lobisi olukhiqizwayo.. Ama-friszes ase-Holstein asetshenziselwa ukuzalela ukuwela ngezinhlobo ezithile, izinhlobo ezincane ezithembisayo zobisi.

Kukhona futhi ezinye izinhlobo zezinkomo zobisi, njenge: Black motley, Jersey, Simmental, Aishir, Red Steppe, Yaroslavl, Kholmogory.

Ukubonakala kwezinkomo

Isici esiyinhloko se-Holsteins umbala. Yena ngempela emhlophe ngamagatsha amakhulu amnyama.

Kukhona abantu abanombala omnyama omsulwa, kodwa kukhona njalo amamaki amancane amhlophe emilenzeni nasemsila.

Izici ezihlukile:

• udder omkhulu, ophezulu owenziwe ngesitsha;
• ukujula kwesifuba 80-87 cmububanzi 65 cm;
• emuva okuqinile;
• eside, amahlombe athuthukile kahle;
• buyela emuva 63 cm;
• umzimba mkhulu, ubude bomdaka.

Isici esiyinhloko sefomu sibhekwa kakhulu ukusebenza okuphezulu nobukhulu bomdanso obukhulu.

Izici

Golshtinsky - inkomo yobisi emhlabeni. Ukukhiqizwa kwamanoni nokuqukethwe kwamanoni kuxhomeke ezimweni zokulondeka nokudla okunomsoco. Isibonelo, ku Israyeli kusuka kumuntu oyedwa angathola amathani ayi-10 yobisi ngonyakange okuqukethwe kuka-fat okungaphezu kuka-3%. Ngaphakathi I-America Lezi zibalo zihlukile kakhulu: Amathani angu-8 ngonyakakodwa okuqukethwe kuka-fat kuka 3.5%.

Isisindo sesilwane esidala singahluka. kusuka ku-600 (izinkomo) kuze kube ngu-1000 kg (izinkunzi). Ngokudla okunomsoco, lezi zikhombisi zinganyuka zibe ngu-900 no-1300 kg, ngokulandelana. Ukuphakama ekubheni kwenkomo kuphelile 145 cm, kanye nenkunzi - ngaphezulu kuka-1.5 m.

Izinsana amathole anesisindo esingama-35-45 kg. Amathole omzimba akhule futhi athole isisindo ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngonyaka abanayo isisindo sika 250-300 kgukuthi izilwane zobisi akuyona into ejwayelekile. Kodwa umkhiqizo wabo wokudla inyama uphansi kakhulu, hhayi ngaphezu kuka-60%.

Isithombe

Isithombe "Izinkomo ezifuywayo" zeGolshtinskoy:

Ukudla nokunakekelwa

Izinkomo zaseHolstein ziyathandeka futhi zidinga ukudla okunomsoco nokugcinwa. Ezimweni zaseSiberia, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zaseRussia, cishe azipheli. Ayikho zidinga izindinganiso ezikhethekile zokuhlanzeka kanye nezinkomba zokushisa, zidinga ukuhlanza njalo nokuhlanzwa kwe-stall, ukugeza nokulala.

Emapulazini, agcinwa kakhulu ngendlela engafanele. Uma lezi zidingo zingalandelwa, izilwane zithola ukwehla kokuzivikela.. Bangase babe ngaphansi kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.

Kubalulekile: Akunconyelwe ukuhamba kwabantu abadala.. Ababekezeli ukuthutha kanye nanoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha ngenxa yobuzwe babo obuphezulu bokucindezeleka.

Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kusuka ezimweni ezijwayelekile kuncishiswe ukunciphisa ubisi kanye nesisindo sesilwane. Lezi zinkomo badinga ukudla okuqinile, okunokulinganisela nokuhlukahlukene.

Ebusika ekudleni kwabo kufanele kube khona okusanhlamvu, ubhontshisi, ukudla okucebile okudla, amavithamini namaminerali, izitshalo zezimpande, u-silage, i-hay ephakeme kakhulu. Ehlobo kudingeka ukunikeza amandla utshani obusha kanye nokudla.

Izifo

Izinkomo zaseHolstein ahluke impilo enhle kakhulu. Bayazikhandla kakhulu, futhi bangagula kuphela uma bengalandeli imithetho yesondlo.

Uma hhayi ukunakwa ngokwanele ukuhlanzeka nokuhlanzekake isilwane singasenwe nezifo ezithathelwanayoisib necrobacteriosis noma i-leptospirosis.

Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwezilwane, ngomjovo we-intramuscular. ama-antibiotics.

Kubalulekile: Okuqukethwe kwizingqikithi kukhona ingozi yokugaya i-mastitis.

Ngeshwa Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwezinkomo kuyinto encane kakhulu. Njengomthetho, alondolozi okungaphezulu kuka-3.

Imithetho yokuzala

Ekuzaliseni uhlanga, izilinganiso zekhwalithi zidlala indima ebalulekile. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukuwela nabamele ezinye izinhlobo, ukuze kwandiswe umkhiqizo. Ukukhishwa kwebisi ukukhiqiza ubisi kunenzuzo enkulu, kodwa kuphela uma kugcinwa kahle.

Lezi zilwane ziyisisekelo sokuzalanisa emazweni amaningi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuzalanisa ukukhipha izinkomba kuphelakodwa futhi inyama. Ukwandisa isivuno kanye ngonyaka udinga ukuphoqeleka okuphoqelekile.

Ekuzaleni nasekukhuliseni i-Holsteins, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa hhayi kuphela ukudla okuhlekodwa futhi ukunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni yokuqukethwe. Uma ukhetha inkomo, kufanele ukhunjulwe ukuthi lokhu ngokwakho kunjalo uhlobo olubizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudinga imali eningi yokudla nokugcinwa. Hamba uqobo Holstein inkomo kuphela esimweni sokunakekelwa okusemandleni.