I-pella fern engapheli ivame kuwo wonke amazwekazi anezulu lesimo sezulu esishisayo.
Ezinye izinhlobo kanye cishe 80 kuphela, kungakhula esimweni sezulu esiyingozi. Ubungowomndeni I-Synopteric.
Ngokwemvelo, uthanda isimo sezulu esomile, kodwa akabekezeli ukushisa kakhulu ekhaya. Njengoba ukubukeka okuhlobisa I-fern isiye yahlushwa isikhathi eside ezindlini zabathandi bezitshalo.
Ngaphansi kokunakekelwa okuhle, i-pellet ibukeka kahle futhi ikwazi ukuletha induduzo kunoma iyiphi indawo, idale ukuhlobisa okuyingqayizivele.
Izinhlobo
UFern - isitshalo esingavamile futhi sasendulo kakhulu. Amaqabunga ayo ajwayelekile ukuthi igama elithi "wai" lithathwe ikakhulukazi kubo.
Leli gama ifomu lapho amaqabunga ezinhlobo eziningi ze-fern eqoqwa khona. Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi kukhona izinhlobo:
- i-round-laaved;
- oluhlaza
- umkhonto;
- behamba
- ipephu emnyama;
- ovoid.
Ibhasi elijikelezayo
Buka hhayi okungenangqondo, futhi isinda kahle emhlabeni ovamile ekamelweni lokushisa. Ikhula kuze kube ngu-25 cm. Kusukela ezintanjeni kukhona iziqu ezihlala kuzo amapheshana. Ipuleti leqabunga lingaba linye futhi lithengele. Kusuka phezulu kwamaqabunga kukhona amnyama, kusuka phansi - ukukhanya.
Ama-pellets azungeze kahle ivumelana namanye amafern. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kunakekelwe ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo zomakhelwane lanele ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile.
Izwe elihle kunazo zonke lezi zinhlobo ingxube:
- isihlabathi;
- i-turf;
- i-peat;
- i-humus;
- i-sphagnum
Akudingi ukuchelela okuningi, ikakhulu ebusika.
I-subspecies yesithombe Kruglostnaya:
Okuhlaza
Kulezi zinhlobo, i-rhizome enwabuzelayo, i-leaf rosette (ekhishwe) etholakala phansi. I-petioles ende emnyama. Amapheshana - isikhumba esinomsoco, obomile. Amaqabunga afushane. Ubuningi be-Wai bungaba ngu-50 cm. Ubude obude no-20 cm. Isici esihlukile sefomu - ishidi elihlanganisiwe futhi enkulu, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, ubukhulu behlathi.
Izithombe ze-subspecies eziluhlaza:
Umsindo
Unayo izilwane ezinwabuzelayo. I-Cirrus amashiya avela ku-rosette yempande. Ubude beLeaf - 60 cm., Ububanzi - 30 cm., Ifomu - inxantathu. I-Petioles ende. I-Sporangia ihlelwe emgqeni oqinile emaphethelweni wezingxenye.
Izithombe ze-subspecies efana nomkhonto:
Naked
Ukuphakama kwe-stem kufinyelela ku-35 cm. Amaqabunga aphikisiwe, atholakala kuma-petioles angenalutho. Umbono ukukhanya kakhulu-okudinga, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukumelana nesithwathwa. Kufanelekile ukukhula emhlabathini ovulekile emgwaqeni ophakathi. Ezindaweni ezithandayo zasendle ezinokuphuma kwe-limestone.
Ama-subspecies wezithombe aphuliwe:
Ubomvu obomvu
Isitshalo sinalo amaqabunga e-sporiferous, sifinyelela ku-50 cm ubude. Grey-green, kabili-pinnate. I-Petioles kancane yokushicilela, i-purple. Awuyithandi ukukhanyisa okukhanyayo nokunisela okukhulu. Inketho engcono kakhulu yendawo yayo ingaba iwindi ohlangothini olusenyakatho.
Isithombe se-subspecies emnyama e-Purple:
Vala
Lesi sitshalo sincane, kodwa kwabanye ubuhle obuhlukile obuhlukile. Amaqabunga aluhlaza, esimweni senhliziyo, pretty big. Ukuphakama kungafinyelela kusuka ku-20 ukuya ku-40 cm. Iningi likhula ngentshiseko entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
Ilanga eliqondile lizwa lingakhululekile. Kungcono uma ukukhanya kuhlakazekile. Izwa kahle izinga lokushisa kwamahhala, amazinga okushisa aphansi ayamukeleka ebusika.
I-subspecies yesithombe I-egg:
Ukunakekelwa ekhaya
Wonke ama-ferns, futhi, ikakhulukazi, amapelisi, angenakuzithoba futhi awunamthelela emithonjeni yemvelo. Kodwa nokho kukhona imithetho eminingana okumele ilandelwe uma kuzaliswa izitshalo zalomndeni.
Ukukhanyisa nokushisa
Ukushisa komoya wehlobo ehlobo lwezinhlobo zepellets kufanele kube ngaphezulu, kufika ku-22ºC. Lokhu kungenxa yokukhula kwayo okusebenzayo ngenkathi efudumele.
Ebusika, kunesikhathi sokuphumula, futhi izinga lokushisa kufanele lihlehliswe ku-14-16ºC.
Uma kungaphakathi kuka-18º ะก, isitshalo kumele sikhululwe, emagumbini atshisayo kakhulu asuke eguga nokufa.
Ukuze ukhanyise, udinga ukubheka "indawo ephakathi". Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya, lesi sitshalo sikhula isikhathi eside, amaqabunga aphilile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngokuchayeka njalo ilanga eliqondile, amaqabunga curl futhi aphuzi. Best uma ukukhanya kuzosakazwa.
Umswakama nokuphuza
Ngokwemvelo yayo, pelleya ukubekezelela umoya omile kahle, kodwa ukusebenzisa i-sprays kuyinto efiselekayo ivuselela amaqabunga ngokuphelele. Umthelela wokushisa ngesikhathi sasebusika unomphumela wokwenyuka wokuhlambalaza, ngakho ebusika kufanele uqaphele ngokukhethekile umswakama. Ibhodlela elinesitshalo lingabekwa emgodini ogcwele i-peat emanzi.
Ukunisela okunamandla okuholela ekubolekeni kwezimpande, ngesikhathi sehlobo kufanele kukhishwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto, kuye ngokuthi umswakama wegumbi. Ebusika - angaphezu kwesisodwa ngesonto. Esikhathini esiphakathi kokunisela umhlaba kufanele some kancane.
Umquba
Yondla amapelethi kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula ebusika, isitshalo siphumula futhi asidingi ukondla okwengeziwe.
Ukugqoka kungcono ukusebenzisa umquba wamaminerali endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi. Ama-organic fertilizer nawo angasetshenziswa; udinga kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi Ungashisi uhlelo lwempande. Uma i-home fern idinga ukugcwaliswa, ingabonakala ngamaqabunga: iba yinto encane kakhulu futhi ilula.
Ukunciphisa nokufakelwa kabusha
Ukufakelwa ukufakelwa lapho uhlelo lwempande lube lukhuni futhi isitshalo sishintshelwa kwenye ibhodlela (ibhodlela). Isikhathi esihle sokufakelwa isithelo.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-ferns ahlushwa ukufakelwa kahle kakhulu. Kungcono ukuqala ukukhetha imbiza enkulu.
Uma ukufakelwa kabusha akufanele kusakaze umhlaba omdala - kungalimaza izimpande. Kumele kunqunywe kuphela amaqabunga omdala omisiwe, njengoba ebonakala.
Ngokuvamile, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo kanye nokungazethembi, uPelleya ungenye yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zokukhula ekhaya.
Amanye ama-ferns angaphakathi ahlanganisa: i-Nephrolepis, i-Pteris, iTsirtomium, i-Asplenium, i-Adiantum, i-Davalliya, i-Blehnum, i-Salvinia, i- Polypodium, i-Platicerium, u-Uzzhnik ne-Humulus.
Ukuzala
Ama-Ferns akhiqiza, kuhlanganise namapelisi, ngezindlela ezimbili:
Isigaba
Indlela yokuhlukanisa ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngabaflorisi, ngenxa yobulula bayo. Ama-rhizomes kuphela ezitshalo ezinkulu afanele lokhu.
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ngokucophelela ku-rhizome i-delenok embalwa ngamaphuzu okukhula.
Njengoba usufakelwe ezitsheni ezihlukene, okokuqala ngendwangu nge-caps futhi uhlale endaweni efudumele.
Izingxabano
Lapho uzalisa izinhlamvu, udinga ukuhlwanyela okugcina umhlabathi omanzi esebhokisini endaweni emnyama. Vala ingilazi phezulu, ungakhohlwa umoya nomoya njalo. Uma amahlumela avela (emva kwezinyanga ezingu-1-3), ibhokisi kumele lithuthelwe endaweni evuliwe. Uma ukhulile, umonakalo futhi ushiye ama-specimens amade kakhulu. Ngemva kwenyanga, izithombo zingathathwa zibe izimbiza.
Ukuze imbewu entsha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umswakama oyifunayo womoya - okungenani u-70% nokwanele umswakama womhlabathi. Kudingekile ukuguquguquka okuphumelelayo nokuqothula endaweni entsha.
Izinambuzane
Izinhlobo eziningana zezidumbu zingasongela inhlanzi, futhi imbangela ngayinye yazo ukunakekelwa okungalungile.
Izinambuzane:
- i-nematodes;
- i-aphid;
- isihlangu;
- thrips.
Isizathu esiqondile sokuvela kwe-nematode ngamanzi abandayo kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuchelela, ikakhulukazi ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chlorine kuyo. Izibonakaliso zenzeke - ukuphuza nokuma amaqabunga.
Ukuze anqobe ukuhlaselwa okunjalo, Isitshalo kumele sitshalwe futhi siphathwe nge-insecticide. Izinambuzane ezisele zivela emoyeni owomile. Ama-insecticide asetshenziselwa ukulwa nawo. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela - ukuphalaza njalo.
Isiphetho
Njengezo zonke izitshalo zasekhaya, i-fern of pellets yafika ezindlini zethu ezisendle.
Kodwa izinhlobo zalo mndeni zithatha indawo yazo emafasiteleni efasitela ngendlela efanele.
Lesi sitshalo sinokubukeka okuhlobisa kakhulu, sihlobisa igumbi futhi sihlanza ngokuphelele umoya.
