Ikhonteli lase-Afrika, amahlathi ashisayo e-Amazon noma i-Asia engaqondakali - eduze, efasiteleni lakho, engadini yasebusika noma ekamelweni lokulala.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uma umnina ehlala endlini.
Okumangalisa ngokungafani, ukushaya ngokuchichima kwama-green and shade emerald shades of ferns of the genus Asplenium Umndeni wakwaKostentsov.
Phakathi kweziqu kukhulunywe futhi u-Appleniye, futhi Ama-Kostenets.
Emvelweni, kukhona abafelokazi abayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa abafelokazi balezi zilwane, kepha zikhula ikakhulukazi emahlathini ashisayo, lapho zimanzi, isimo sezulu esishisayo sivumela ukulimala okumile.
Kukhona lapho izindawo ezingokwemvelo eziyingqayizivele zisalondolozwa, lapho izinto eziphilayo zikhona khona cishe emafomu abo okuqala.
Fern - izitshalo ezindala kunazo zonke zomhlaba, Amaphethini amaqabunga amaqabunga (ama-fronts) aqoshiwe kuwo ngokuvamile atholakala yi-paleontologists. Futhi lesi sitshalo esimangalisayo singahlala endlini yakho, sihlobise i-alpine slide noma i-gazebo, ngoba ama-ferns nawo ukuzithoba Bahlala emithambekeni enamadwala, emagumbini omthunzi, amaqabunga angafinyelela ubude bamamitha angu-60-80.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-aspleenium, ngayinye iyathakazelisa ngendlela yayo, kodwa akuzona zonke ezifanele ukutshala izimbali zasendlini.
Asplenium - isitshalo se-epiphytic, emvelweni, amafern alo mndeni azizwa kahle emithini yemithi enamandla, ngenxa yokuthi angayithola "ilanga."
Bangakwazi eside ukubekezelela ukungabi nomswakama ukuqoqa izinto ezizuzisayo.
Izitshalo ezincane zimbozwa ngokucophelela ngamaqabunga afile, okuyinto ngesikhathi esifanayo ezondla izitshalo, zithola ingxenye yezinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali ezivela emagqumeni ezihlahla.
Ukuvikelwa
Amaqabunga e-arcuate ale fern terrestrial bahlangene endaweni yokuphuma kwamandla okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izikhathi ezimbili noma ezine ezihlukaniswe futhi ezigobile, zinde kunomyingcele wamitha ububanzi, kuze kube ngamasentimitha angu-40 i-triangular.
Amaqabunga aphezu kwengxenyeni engenhla yeqabunga abizwa ngokuthi ama-broods, ngoba uma evuthiwe, awela futhi aphume kalula empandeni enomswakama, ngoba izimpande zawo zenziwa cishe.
I-subspecies yesithombe njenge-Asplenium Ukunikeza Ukuphila:
I-South Asia
Iyaziwayo yayo amaqabunga amakhulu okufinyelela eyodwa nengxenye amamitha futhi ahlangene ne-rosette, efana nombhobho.
E-South Asia asplenium, cishe njalo iqinile, i-oblong, kodwa futhi ifika nephethini elingalungile. I-rhizome inkulu kakhulu, enezimpande eziningi ezithandekayo, ngokuyihlosa ngokuqondile.
Izithombe ze-Asplenium South Asia subspecies:
Ukukhipha
Abalimi bezimbali abaziwayo ngokukhethekile. Ukungahloniphi, ukukhula okusheshayo, ubude bamaqabunga obunakekelwa kahle bufinyelela 1 imitha futhi ngobudala nobubanzi lokhu le-asplenium ikhula ngokuphawulekayo: amaqabunga amasha amaningi aqhubeka ekhula phakathi nendawo.
Kodwa awukwazi ukuthinta ama-frond, anomoya omnene kakhulu, njengakuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-Kostenza.
Ukwakheka kwe-Aspenium ikhetha izindawo ezimanzi ezimanzi. Futhi esikhaleni esikhulayo esifana nesidleke, ezimweni zemvelo umswakama, amaqabunga kanye nomhlula utshani uqoqa, izinambuzane ezifile, ama-fern feeds on nutrients.
Isithombe se-subspecies Asplenium Gnezdovidny:
Lukovitsenosny
Famous ngenxa hhayi ukwesaba isithwathwa. Yiqiniso, izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwe-zero ngeke lidlulisele kuye, kodwa uyosinda ekupholiseni. Ubukhulu obuphakathi i-deciduous i-fern ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezifudumele emoyeni.
Isithombe se-subspecies Asplenium Lukovitsenosny:
I-Bandworm
Ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa yi-skolopendrovym leaflet, uphondo lwezinyamazane, ulimi lwezinyamazane. Kubonakala sengathi i-fern, i-leaves - amabhande akhula ngokuqinile phezulu, bese eqala ukugoba e-arc. Amaphethelo wai wavy, enhle kakhulu, abukeka engavamile. Amakamelo apholile - isitshalo esiphelele.
Isithombe se-subspecies Asplenium Scholopendry:
I-Osaka (antikum)
Kakhulu kakhulu. Osaka akayithandi lapho amanzi engena endaweni yakhe futhi uphendukela kulokhu ngokuphuziza ama-wai nokusabalala kwawo. Amaqabunga e-Osaka akhula afike emitha, ayingqayizivele, emaphethelweni e-wavy.
Izithombe ze-Asplenium Osaka subspecies:
I-Nidus
Ngakho-ke kuthiwa yizinhlobonhlobo ze-fest nesting, amaqabunga awo ahlobisa kakhulu, lithenda kakhulu futhi lithelekile kodwa ufinyelele ubude obude ngamamentimitha angu-60.
Izithombe ze-subpecies ze-Asplenium Nidus:
Ukunakekelwa ekhaya
Izici ukunakekelwa emva kokuthenga
UFerns asplenium ngemuva kokuthenga ngokuqinisekile wathuthela kwesinye isitsha. Wabo ungafaki, uphinde uqhubekele, uzama ukukhulula kancane izeluleko zezimpande, kodwa ushiye isitshalo esikhulu somhlaba esitshalweni. Hlanganisa umhlabathi, i-pine bark, i-humus ne-coconut substrate.
Dlulisa amanzi embizeni (hhayi kakhulu kakhulu), bese uxuba, uzama ukukhulisa u-fern endaweni egcwele kahle.
Futhi lapha I-Kostenets ayithandi ivolumu enkulu yeziqukathi. Izimpande kufanele ziphefumule kahle.
Ukukhanyisa
Ungathandi ilanga eliqondile, ukushisa. Hlanganisa isitshalo noma ukhule i-fern emakamelweni angatholakali eceleni.
Ukushisa
I-Asplenium ikhula kahle futhi ikhula ekushiseni kwama-degrees angu-16 kuya kwangu-27. Ikhula kahle ngama-degrees angu-21, ebusika kungcono ukuyiphumula, ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa kuya kuma-degrees angu-18.
Umswakama
Lezi zinhlobo udinga umswakama ophezulu: 50-60 amaphesenti. Umoya omile ungabangela ukufa kweqabunga. Akufanele kube khona ama-heaters eduze kwebhodlela lembali.
Ukunisela
Ama-asleniums anothando wanisela kakhulu.
Umhlabathi ebhodweni kufanele ube manzi, kepha hhayi ukubola, amanzi athululelwe epanini azosiza ukugwema ukuma.
Ebusika, lesi sitshalo siphuziswa kakhulu, kepha izikhathi ezingu-1 - 2 ngesonto.
Ukufakelwa
Ama-Aspleniums ashintshwa okungaphezu kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni emibili, lapho uhlelo lwempande lukwazi ngokuphelele isikhala sesitsha.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ekusentwasahlobo nasekwindla kuhle ukuphuza i-fern. wagxila umanyolo ohloselwe izitshalo zasendlini, kodwa uqaphele ngokucophelela umanyolo - tiller udinga kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimbali eziningi. I-ferter esiseduze kakhulu yi-Kostenets ema-epiphyte, ama-orchid afanayo, futhi kufanele athole ngokucophelela.
Ukudubula
Kuthenwe amaqabunga endala noma awonakele. Uma ucezu lweqabunga lonakalisiwe, uthathe ngokucophelela uphefle lesi sitshalo ngamanzi nsuku zonke, lokhu kusiza ukugcina ama-frond ahlanzekile.
Ukuzala
I-Asplenium yezitshalo ikhiqiza kanjani? Lokhu kwenzeka ngezindlela eziningana:
Izingxabano
Ngemuva kokuqeda leli qabunga ngezinhlamvu (zikhula ngaphansi kweqabunga), ukuqoqa ngokucophelela izinhlamvu emakhasini amhlophe ahlanzekile. Esikhathini esishisayo, lapho kugezwa khona amanzi kanye nenhlabathi ene-peat, tshala imbewu, uyimboze ngilazi bese uyibeka endaweni emnyama.
Isikhathi somoya umoya oshisayo, amanzi, futhi ezinyangeni ezingu-2 - 3 uzobona amahlumela amancane. Manje ungaziqeda ukulimala, ushiya amahlumela aqinile kuphela. UFern utshalwe emabhokisini akhethiwe kuphela uma eqala kahle.
Izinso
Indlela elula yokusakaza i-viviparous fern.
Ama-hilocks akhiwa emaqabungeni, lapho ihlumela le-brood liqala ukuthuthukisa khona. Kusuka kuso kukhula isitshalo ngamahlamvu kanye ne-petioles - izimpande.
Ngokumba uhlaka lwamahlumela ezincane emhlabeni omhlaba, ungahluma isitsha esisha.
Futhi ungalinda kuze kube yilapho ihlumela le-brood liwela bese likhula.
Lesi sitshalo sigubha ngokucophelela futhi sitshalwe ebhodweni elisha.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Rhizome
Ngemva kokuhlola impande lapho ukufakelwa kabusha, phawula wonke amaphuzu okukhula. Uma zingekho eziningi zazo, akudingekile ukwehlukanisa i-asplenium ukuze ingabhubhisi.
Futhi uma kukhona okwanele kubo, khona-ke uzobona ukuthi i-fern encane iqala kanjani ukukhula ngokushesha.
Phakathi kwamaphutha okufanele agwenywe, ngaphezu kokukhanyisa nomswakama, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi lesi sitshalo asithandi ama-drafts, amanzi anzima noma aneklorini, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu. Zonke lezi zici zingaholela ekufeni kwe-asplenium.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ukomisa i-fern kungabangela ukubola kwegrey, ama-bacteriosis, nokuvinjelwa kuyimingcele yokunisela.
Ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwama-fertilizer kungabangela indawo - ama-fern athanda i-asidi ephansi, khumbula lokhu.
Uma izindawo ezibomvu zivela ku-aspleenium, ingaba i-nematode, lapho kunzima kakhulu ukuphilisa i-fern. Kulesi simo, lesi sitshalo kumele silahle nje.
Isiphetho
Ukutshala ama-fern akulula. Kodwa ukhetha ngalokhu, awukwazi neze ukuyeka: kumangalisi kakhulu lurks kulezi zitshalo ezimangalisayo. Futhi maduzane, mhlawumbe, uzofuna ukuba ngumnikazi wensimu encane yentombazane efasiteleni lakho.
Amanye ama-ferns angaphakathi ahlanganisa: Pelley, Pteris, Cirtomium, Nephrolepis, Adiantum, Davallia, Blehnum, Salvinia, Polypodium, Platicerium, Uzzhnik ne-Humulus.
