Isifiso sokuthola isiqephu sehlathi elihlekazi endlini yakho sizogcwaliseka uma uthenga i-nephrolepis.
Lesi isitshalo esimangalisayo ─ okufanayo ubudala dinosaurs. Phakathi nesikhathi seNdlovukazi yaseVictoria, ama-ferns athandwa kakhulu emakhaya aseNgilandi.
Khona-ke bahlobisa izindlu zangasese nezigodlo zaseRussia.
Izwe lama-ferns lihlukile kakhulu. Ekhaya lokuhluma kwezilwane kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo, okudume kakhulu kunama-ferns, nephrolepis.
Igama alithola kulo inhlanganisela yamagama amabili esiGreki: i-nefris ─ izinso ne-lepsis ─ izilinganiso. I-Nephrolepis ibukhali, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo akanakho okulinganayo emseni. Lokhu kuyinhlanzi enkulu. Ubude bamaqabunga buhluke kakhulu: kusuka kumamitha angu-2.5 kuya ku-30 cm.
I-Nephrolepis ingeyomndeni wakwaDavallia kanye ne-Davallia fern.
Izinhlobo
Ukubalwa kwekamelo le-nephrolepis izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 nezinhlobo eziningi, isibonelo:
Iphakanyisiwe
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Zombili izimbali nezama-ampelous ziyanda. Emvelweni, i-epiphyte. Lesi sitshalo sisezingeni eliphakeme eliphezulu.
I-subspecies yesithombe ne-Nephrolepis Iphakanyisiwe:
I-cardiovascular
Amaqabunga alo mmeleli we-nephrolepis atholakale eseduze. Emasimini ngaphansi komhlaba kukhona izigaxa eziyizifo eziyizifo.
I-subspecies ye-Photo Nephrolepis I-Cardiac
I-Green Lady
I-Ampelnoe isitshalo, ibhekwa njengenye ye-ferns enhle kunazo zonke: iziqu ezinde zilenga ngokukhululekile ngesimo somthombo, amaqabunga avulekile, aphikisiwe kancane. Ikakhulukazi okumangalisayo le fern uma emi yedwa endaweni yokuma.
Izithombe ze-Nephrolepis Green Lady subspecies:
Swordfish
Amaqabunga awo afinyelela ubude bodwa nengxenye kuya kwamamitha amabili. Emvelweni, isakazwa eFlorida naseziqhingini ezishisayo e-Atlantic. Emakamelweni akhuliswa njengesitshalo esikhulu.
I-subspecies yesithombe se-Nephrolepis Xiphoid:
IBoston
Yatholakala eminyakeni engaba ngu-100 eyedlule ngenxa yokuzalana kusuka ku-xiphoid fern. Unemifula enama-curly curly, imifino ecebile. Kukhona Izinhlobo ezingu-10 IBoston Nephrolepis.
I-subspecies yesithombe uNeprolepis Boston:
Corditas
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-nephrolepis sublime, inesithakazelo ekuhlungeni izitshalo zasendlini, njengoba kuyinhlobo engavamile ye-terry fern enezinwele ezincane eziphakanyiswe phezulu.
I-subspecies yesithombe se-Nephrolepis Corditas:
I-Curly
Ngezingxenye ze-wavy nezisontekile zamaqabunga, ukuhlobisa kakhulu.
Izithombe ze-subspecies Nephrolepis Kinky:
Ukunakekelwa ekhaya
Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isitshalo sihlala ukhululekile endlini, udinga ukwazi ezinye izici zokunakekelwa kwama-fern.
Izici ukunakekelwa emva kokuthenga
Izimo zokugcina zihlukile ezimweni zasekhaya, futhi isitshalo sidinga ukujwayela.
Uma ulethe ikhaya le-fern esitolo, kumele uqale ulibeke etafuleni ngqo ku-wrapper bese ulibamba amahora amaningana.
Bese uvula futhi ushiye endaweni efanayo, uhlole umswakama wenhlabathi. Uma eyomile, uthele amanzi ekamelweni lokushisa.
Ngemuva kosuku, ungayinquma endaweni enomphela. Uma kwenzeka amathiphu we-wai eqala ukoma, i-fern imile gqoka isikhwama seplastiki ngaphambi kokufafaza lesi sitshalo.
Bayigcina ngaphansi kwephakheji kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3, bese uyisusa usuku bese uyibeka cishe isonto cishe isonto, bese ususa iphakheji ngokuphelele.
Le nqubo izosiza ukujwayela ama-ferns akhulile eHolland, lapho izimo ezikhulayo ezikhulayo zisetshenziselwa ukukhula okusheshayo.
Isikhathi sokuqala uNefrolepis washalwa emva kokuthenga. Ngokuvamile emavikini amabili. Lesi sitshalo kumele sisuswe ngokucophelela embizeni yokuthutha, sisusa izimpande ze-substrate ezithuthayo, uzama ukungazilimazi, ususe isiponji esivuthayo, uma sitholakala. Esikhathini esizayo, lesi sitshalo asidingi ukufakelwa kwezitshalo njalo.
Ukukhanyisa
Nephrolepis ayidingi ukukhanya okukhethekile. Into kuphela engakwazi ukuyenza ─ ilanga elikhanyayo, ngakho kufanele libe yi-pritenyat. Futhi kungcono kakhulu ukugqoka amafasitela enyakatho noma enyakatho-ntshonalanga, futhi ehlobo ukuthumela ebhokisini elivulekile, ensimini futhi uzame ukwenza kube ngumthunzi okhethekile.
Ngezinye izikhathi kuyasiza ukuthi lesi sitshalo siphendulele olunye uhlangothi ekukhanyeni. I-Nrefrolepsis ikhula ngomthunzi okhethekile, kude namafasitela, kodwa ukukhanya okungeziwe kuyadingeka lapho, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo siyoba nokubukeka okubuhlungu.
Ukushisa
Ukuthi iyisitshalo sama-tropical emvelaphi, kubonisa ubunzima obunzima ekuhleleni izimo zokushisa nemiswakama.
Nephrolepis uthanda ukufudumala unenkinga yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
Yena akufanele neze ukungabaza unyaka wonke futhi ube khona endaweni engaba yi-18-20 degrees.
Uma i-nephrolepis ibanda, iyayeka ukukhula. Shiya ubumnyama bese uwa. Amafregi ayimashilo eyingozi.
Umswakama
Nephrolepis Ukufuna imvula. Kuye, umswakama omkhulu kufanele ube sezingeni lika-50-55%.
Gcina umoya okhululekile wesitshalo kanje:
- spray lesi sitshalo njalo ngamanzi ashisayo, afudumele bese wenza okungenani kabili ngosuku;
- gcwalisa ithreyi ngamatshe amatshe futhi njalo uhlale unomanzi;
- faka ibhodlela epanini elijulile bese uligcwalisa nge-moss, lisike kaningi, njengamahlumela;
- Hlanganisa ibhethri yokushisa ngaphansi kwefasitela lapho i-nephrolepis imela indwangu emanzi futhi ihlale imanzi;
- ukuhlela ithafa elifudumele kuye, ngoba ngaphambili wavala umhlabathi ebhodweni ngesikhwama seplastiki.
Ukunisela
Lesi sitshalo sihlale siphuziswa ngamanzi ashisayo, ngokunyuka entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ekwindla kancane kancane kunciphisa ukuchelela, ebusika baphuziswa kakhulu ngokulinganisela. Kodwa inhlabathi akumele ime.
Uma impande yentamo iphuma ebhodweni futhi ivimbela ukuchelela, kungcono ukuthululela phansi epanini. Kodwa emva kwesikhathi esithile emva kokuphuza kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi epanini akahlali. Kuzodingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe ukugwema ukubola kwezimpande.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngokusho kwe-A.A.Ladvinskaya encwadini yakhe ethi "Ukuhlobisa Leaf Plants", ama-nephrolepsies ayaphathwa kabi ngaphandle kokungenelela.
Kodwa feed kangcono Lokhu kusiza ukwakha ubungqimba obuhlaza, obalulekile kubanikazi.
Ngokuvamile sebenzisa umanyolo ojwayelekile wezitshalo ezihlobisa amahlamvu.
Ukondla kuyadingeka kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba ngeviki. Abalimi abaningi basebenzisa i-Agricola umanyolo kalula.
Ukufakelwa
Ngemisebenzi enjalo kuyasiza landela imithetho ngezansi:
- i-nephrolrolepsis kufanele ifakwe kanye ngonyaka; Kungcono ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ezinye izazi zeluleka ukutshala izihlahla ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, ekuqaleni kukaMatshi);
- ngoba fern kungcono ukulungisa okungajulile, kepha ububanzi obuningi; i-pot ebanzi, ngokushesha isivuno sizokhula;
- Ukugeleza kufanele kubekwe ngaphansi kwebhodini; Kungase kuphulwe ama-shards zobumba kanye ne-perlite exutshwe nama-moss;
- inhlabathi yenziwa ingxenye eyodwa yezwe le-sod, izingxenye ezimbili zeqabunga, ingxenye eyodwa ye-peat, ingxenye eyodwa ye-humus nesihlabathi; ingxube kumele ikhunjulwe nge-steaming kuhhavini ngama-degree angama-200, noma ishiye ngaphandle uma iqhwa lingaphansi kwama-degree ayi-10;
- ungathenga umhlaba owenziwe ngomumo ngenxa yama-fern;
- Kuhle ukufaka amalahle ochotshoziwe engxenyeni yomhlaba;
- I-Nephrolepis ifakwa ebhodweni, ama-rhizomes afafazwa ngokucophelela ngomhlabathi, futhi ingqimba ngayinye yenhlabathi iswakanyiswe kancane;
- i-substrate ayikwazi ukuchotshozwa;
- isitshalo esitshalisiwe kufanele sibekwe ekujuleni kwekamelo, ngokuqhubekayo emisebeni yelanga;
- qiniseka ukuthi ugcine umswakama odingekayo.
Ukudubula
AmaFerns akudingi ukusika izihlahla, basika labo kuphela abaye balahlekelwa ukubukeka kwabo okuhlobisa.
Ukuzala
I-Nephrolepis ingasakazwa ngezindlela eziningana, Kungcono ukwenza le misebenzi entwasahlobo:
Uhlukanisa isihlahla
I-fern isuswe ebhodweni, ishukunywe emhlabathini futhi i-rhizome igawulwa, ihlola ukuthi kukhona iphuzu elikhulayo kunxenye ngayinye.
Khona-ke zonke izingxenye ezihlukanisiwe zitshalwe ezimbizeni nge-substrate emanzi.
Ukuze uthole ukuqhuma okungcono, ungakwazi ukumboza izimbiza ngejubane lesilazi noma esikhwameni seplastiki.
Kungakapheli inyanga isitshalo kufanele sibe endaweni efudumele.
Izingxabano
Bahlwanyelwa okokuqala esitsheni esincane. Ukuze uthole i-spore, udinga ukusika iqabunga eliphilile futhi ulifake ngaphansi kwalo nge-plastiki noma umese womuthi. Ama-spores afafazwe ngendwangu yomhlaba ingaphansi kwesigamu sesentimitha futhi athululeka kakhulu. Amahlumela aqala ukuvela ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-10.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-nephrolepis ifomu lezilimo eziyizigaxa, lesi sitshalo singasakazwa ngokuhlukanisa i-tuber futhi somise kancane iphuzu lokusika, noma izilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane zingahlukaniswa futhi zitshalwe ebhodweni elisha, amahlumela avele ngokushesha.
Amahlumela
Izintambo ze-Leaf zigxilile, zibafaka phansi bese zivikeleka ngokucophelela. Emva kokunikeza izimpande futhi zithunyelwe nge-vayi 2-3, okudingeka zihlukaniswe nesihlahla somzali bese zifaka embizeni ehlukile.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Nephrolepis ithinteka:
- i-mealybug
- isi-spider mite;
- isihlangu;
- i-whitefly;
- i-thrips;
- i-leaf nematode.
Isitshalo esithintekayo siphathwa nge-actellica noma karbofos.
Lapho igciwane le-thrips neqabunga le-nematode, lesi sitshalo kumele sichithwe.
Uma unesifo sesicabucabu, kuyadingeka ukwelapha hhayi izitshalo kuphela, kodwa amafasitela kanye namafrimu. I-Mite ingahlala emafenjini okhuni isikhathi eside. I-Shchitovka ithinta zonke izitshalo ezimi eduze.
Ngokuvamile isitshalo siguliwe ngenxa yokukhubazeka ekunakekeleni. Ngomswakama okwanele, lesi sitshalo sigcwele izindawo ezimnyama, ziphuzi.
Udinga ukuhlela iwashi futhi uvale iphakheji ye-cellophane, efakwe emthunzini oyingxenye.
Vula isikhwama kuphela sokusifafaza. Beka i-nephrolepis ngaphansi kweshadi njalo ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kwenziwa kuze kube yilapho isitshalo sibuyiselwa.
I-fern ingahlushwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanyisa noma, ngokuphambene, kusukela emisebeni yelanga, lapho ama-frond eqala ukuma, kufanele hlaziya izinga lokukhanya.
I-Nephrolepis ihlasela i-neat ne-root nematode. Ivela emanzini amabi (okubandayo noma kanzima). Lesi sitshalo sizobhujiswa ngokungazelelwe.
I-Nephrolepis nayo ingomile lapho izimpande zibolayo uma ukuchelela kungenakulinganiswa noma ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwamanzi phansi kwebhodlela ngaphandle kwemifula.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo
Le fern ihlanza umoya ovela emzimbeni wegesi, ihlukanisa umphumela wezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-aerosol nemikhiqizo yokuhlanza, i-glue, i-varnishes, imisebe ye-electromagnetic.
Kunconywa ukuthi uqale i-nephrolepis kubantu abavame ukubhekana nokucindezeleka kokukhathazeka, ngokuzivikela okubuthakathaka. I-Nephrolepis ilungele amakamelo agcwele amandla amakhulu.
Amathiphu kubalimi bembali:
- faka i-nephrolepis nge-TV ebusika; imisebe yayo iyozuzisa isitshalo;
- Ama-ferns abukeka kangcono uma ehlukaniswa nezinye izitshalo;
- ikhula kahle eduze kwe-tank inhlanzi;
- Izinhlobo eziningi ze-nephrolepis ziyinyumba, ngakho-ke zikwazi ukusakazeka kuphela ngokwemvelo;
- ama-fern angcono ukuthenga ngenkathi ukushisa kungasebenzi ezindaweni zokuhlala, okwamanje kulula ngabo ukuzivumelanisa, ngoba umswakama wemvelo emakamelo ngalesi sikhathi uphakeme kunesikhathi sokushisa;
- Amachashazi ensundu emaphepheni angezansi ayisona isifo.
Ividiyo ngesihloko
Thola amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana noFern Nephrolepis kusuka kuvidiyo engezansi:
Isiphetho
Naphezu kokuthakazelisa ekunakekeleni, i-fern Nephrolepis ingenye yezindawo ezivame kakhulu ezifuywayo. Sonke sibonga emahle amahlamvu ashisayo, okuzokwenza kube mnandi umlimi okhuthele.
Amanye ama-ferns angaphakathi ahlanganisa: Pelley, Pteris, Cirtriumium, Asplenium, Adiantum, Davallia, Blehnum, Salvinia, Polypodium, Platicerium, Uzzhnik neGrozdnik.
