Uma izitshalo zangaphambili zikhulile ngesilinganiso sezimboni kuphela ngenxa yokudla kwemfuyo, namhlanje, ngenxa yokuzalanisa, ama-cultivars nawo ahlonyelwe ukudla. Abakhiqizi abakhulu be-turnips yi-USA, Canada, Australia neJalimane.
Ukuhlwanyela nini futhi kanjani ukutshala imbewu ye-turnip ezitshalweni
I-turnip ayinzima ukukhula, ngakho-ke ivame ukutshala imbewu ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Uma unentwasahlobo ephuzile noma ufuna isivuno sokuqala, zama ukukhula izithombo. Ukulahla imbewu embi noma engenalutho, zifakwa emanzini anosawoti. Izimbewu ezingenalutho ziyohamba, futhi imbewu enhle izohlala phansi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kubuye kunconywe ukuthi ukukhipha imishanguzo ye-disinfect inxazululo obuthakathaka we-potassium permanganate. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbewu kufanele iphole, ivuvuke, ihlume ngokushesha. Uma uhlanza i-turnips izithombo, ungazilungisa cishe inyanga nengxenye ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Izinsuku ezinembile kuncike lapho ufuna ukuvuna.
Imbewu ye-turnip incane, ngakho uma ihlwanyela ixubene nesihlabathi sokuhlwanyela. Kungcono ukuhlwanyela ezinkomeni, ukuze ungalimazi isitshalo lapho ufika emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ifafazwa ngesihlabathi ngezingqimba ezingamamentimitha, ifakwe futhi igcwele ifilimu, ifakwe ekamelweni elifudumele.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kwezithombo kusuka ku-5 kuya kwezingu-15 degrees Celsius, kuyadingeka ukuthi le ndawo ivuliwe. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala baqedwa, bashiya ezinamandla kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Ukuqothula izithombo, abakwazi ukukhipha: ungalimaza izimpande zamanye amahlumela. Ngakho-ke, amahlumela angenalutho aphume.
Ukunakekela izitshalo ze-turnip ukuphuza nokukhipha ngokucophelela inhlabathi. Izithombo ezincane zingadliwa izakhi zomanyolo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala kabusha emaphandleni avulekile ukuqinisa izithombo. Izithombo ngehora zikhishwa ebhaleni noma emgwaqweni, zandisa kancane kancane isikhathi sokulondoloza emgwaqweni kuze kube usuku.
Ukutshala izitshalo ze-turnip ukuze uvule phansi
Ama-turnips uma akhulile emhlabathini olula ngokusabela okungathathi hlangothi uletha isivuno esiphundu kunazo zonke. Umhlabathi omdinga udinga uketshezi, ngoba isitshalo esakhula kule nhlabathi sizogcinwa kahle.
Lapho ukutshala izithombo kulesi sakhiwo
Ukutshala izihlahla emhlabathini ovulekile kuxhomeke ezimweni zezulu zesifunda, uma nje kungekho isithwathwa. Ngokuvamile uMeyi, kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi kuya ekupheleni kwenyanga.
Ukulungiselela umhlaba nenhlabathi ye-turnips
I-Turnip ithanda inhlabathi enomsoco, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile umhlaba ulungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ekwindla, emva kokususa izinsalela zezitshalo, zimba umhlaba, zifaka umquba obolile kanye namanyolo wamaminerali (ukhuni lomlotha kanye ne-nitrophoska).
Qaphela! Akunconywa ukwenza umquba omusha, kanti ukunambitheka kwe-turnip kwehla, inyama iyaphazamisa, futhi isikhumba sesitshalo sesitshalo siphume.
Indlela yokutshala izithombo kusayithi
Ukutshala, lungiselela izigobo kude no-30 cm kusuka komunye nomunye; gcina ububanzi bemigqa phakathi kwemigqa kuze kube ngu-60 cm. Faka izinkomishi zezithombo ezifakwa emigodini, ufafaze inhlabathi bese uthele. Ngemuva kokuba umswakama usuphelile, gaya umbhede nge-peat.
Emva kwalokho izitshalo kungcono ukutshala ama-rotips
Kunconywa ukuvula i-turnip emva kwezitshalo, isivuno sezimpande sikhula kahle emva kwe-strawberries, beet kanye namakhambi wonyaka.
Uyazi? Ukuhlonishwa kwabakwaSwede, isihlobo esiseduze se-turnip, iholide yonyaka ibanjwe edolobheni laseSwitzerland laseRichterswil. Lo mcimbi ubizwa ngokuthi uRaben-Chilbi futhi kwenzeka ezindaweni ezinobumnandi echibini.
Indlela yokunakekela i-turnips ensimini evulekile
I-turnip emithethweni yokulima nokukhathalela ayifani nezitshalo ezihlobene: i-turnips, i-swede. Isivuno sesitshalo sidinga ukuniselwa, sokhula kude nokhula, sikhululwe, senze ukufinyelela kwemoya, futhi sondliwe.
Indlela yokuphuza
Ngokunisela ukuthi udinga ukuqapha - ngenxa yokungabi namanzi, u-pulp uyothatha ukunambitheka okubabayo, ngenxa yokweqile kwalo kuyoba ngamanzi futhi kungabi nalutho. Ukuphuza okunamandla kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, khona-ke izinga lemanzi liyancipha. Ukuchelela okufanele akufanele kube ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezimbili ngesonto. Lapho isomiso sivame ukuvuna, ukuhlwanyela okunzima kubheka umswakama womhlabathi.
Yini ongayidla
Iziphuzo zokudla zidla kabili ngokufaka umquba ophilayo - isisombululo senkukhu yenkukhu noma ukumiswa kwe-slurry.
Ngo-Julayi, i-superphosphate yengezwe kwisixazululo esingokwemvelo ukuze izimpande zibe mnandi. Akuyona engeza engeza ukufaka ama-manganese, i-boron nethusi. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuwahlanganisa ngokunisela, inhlabathi emva kwenqubo kumele ikhululwe.
Isikhathi sokuvuna nokugcina izimpande zempikiswano
Izimpande zenguquko zivuna ekupheleni kukaJuni. Kunconywa ukuhlanza ngokushesha nje lapho kuvuthwa, ngoba i-turnips ayilondolozwe emhlabathini isikhathi eside. Kungcono ukumba ukuze usebenzise amafoloko, ubambe ama-turnips forpsps. Uma wenze ukuhlwanyela kwehlobo, isivuno sizoqala ekupheleni kukaSeptemba.
Ukuze kugcinwe i-turnip ebusika, izithelo zithathwa ngokuqinile ngaphandle kokulimala. Iziqongo zazo ziyanqunywa ngaphansi kwesisekelo, zishiya amasentimitha owodwa nengxenye. Igumbi lesitoreji kufanele libe nobubanzi bokushisa kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-2˚С nomswakama kufika ku-90%. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungakwazi ukumba umsele futhi, uma usubeke isithelo, ufafaza nge-peat phezulu bese umboza ngento yokufaka umswakama.
Kuyathakazelisa ERoma lasendulo, i-turnip yayidliwa yizo zonke izingxenye zendawo, yayibhakwa, igwetshiwe futhi ibilisiwe. Umthandi we-turnip izitsha wayeyi-Emperor Tiberius.
Indlela yokubhekana nezilokazane nezifo zokuphenduka
I-Turnip isitshalo seklabishi somndeni we-cruciferous. Izifo kanye nezinambuzane zifana nezizo zonke izitshalo ze-cruciferous neklabishi, ngakho-ke i-turnips ayikwazi ukutshala emva kweklabishi, isithombo, i-turnips. Ukuhambisana nokujikeleza kwezitshalo kuyisilinganiso sokuqala sokuvimbela izifo zezitshalo.
Izifo ezifanelekile ukwelashwa, uphinde uphethwe uma uphathwa nge-fungicides. Ngezifo ezifana ne-keel ne-fomoz, izitshalo ezigulayo kufanele zisuswe ensimini ukuze zigweme ukungcoliswa kokunye kokutshala.
Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kunconywa ukuba usilondoloze amagciwane emithini yokutshala futhi ugcwalise lezi zitshalo ezingavamile engadini nge-potash nama-phosphorus-potassium, okuthuthukisa ukuzivikela kwezimpande.
Izinambuzane zezinambuzane ezihlasela i-turnips: iklabishi fly, igrafu sacral, iklabishi aphid, izimbungulu kanye nezibhamu. Izinambuzane zidla amaqabunga e-turnip, okuyinto evame ukuthinta ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo.
Endabeni yezimbungu, kuzodingeka zihlangane ngesandla, bese ziphathwa ngesisombululo sensipho. Ungasusa ama-turnips ezinye izinambuzane ngosizo lwamakhambi omuntu. Kusuka kuma-aphid kusiza izikhwebu zomhluzi we utamatisi, anyanisi nogalikhi. Kusuka ezimbungwini nasezingxenyeni - i-decoction yezingqimba ezifanayo, ukumnika i-dandelion, i-pepper eshisayo ne-ash ash.
I-Turnip isitshalo esingavamile kithi, kodwa nokho asiwusizo futhi sinambitha. Ngenxa ye-turnips ephansi ye-calorips - i-godsend kulabo abahlupheke ngokweqile.
