Ukulima kwamakhukhamba kuhilela ukuhlinzekwa kwemifino yokushisa, ukukhanya nokuswakama. Kodwa indlela ecasulayo ngayo lapho kungekho ukuvuna nhlobo. Kunezimbali eziningi kunokhula, kepha ziphuma zingenalutho. Futhi kwenzeka ngenxa yezinto ezimbi ezincane zembewu kanye namaphutha kwezobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi yini okufanele yenze uma kunezimbali eziningi ezingenalutho kumakhukhamba, futhi sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe ngezizathu zokubukeka kwazo.
Uyazi? Ukhukhamba on 95 % iqukethe amanzi. Ama-5% asele angamavithamini B2, B6, C, PP, kanye ne-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-iron, i-silicon, i-potassium ne-calcium. Ngenxa yetshezi, okuyinto ngesikhathi ukukhula kwesitshalo kudlula ukuhlunga okuyingqayizivele, imifino iholela ohlwini lwemikhiqizo yokudla.
Kungani ukhukhamba izimbali eziyinyumba, noma amancane amaphutha balimi
Yiziphi izimbali ezingenalutho, ngokungangabazeki, zonke izivande ziyazi ukuthi kusukela minyaka yonke zivezwe emibhedeni ikhukhamba futhi ziphoqelekile ukuvuna. Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningana, okuzoxoxwa kamuva, kwenzeke ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezimbali zamakhukhambakazi besifazane akunakwenzeka noma sekuphuzile kakhulu.
Hlela izimbali ezingenalutho
Ngokuvamile, abalimi abasha abaye bezwa ngezinkinga nge-fruiting yamakhukhamba, bacabangela izimbali zesilisa ezingenasidingo atavism futhi, uma befunda ukuhlukanisa, basuswa ngokushesha. Futhi maduzane bakhononda ukuthi azikho ama-ovari esinqeni.
Eqinisweni, ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kanye nokuhluma kwamakhukhamba kufanele kube ngokufanayo njengezimbali zesilisa nabesifazane. Ukuba khona kwabo kubalulekile ekukhuliseni. Uma iziqu ziyobusa kuphela ngenye noma enye, impova ngeke ivele. Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokungenelela ngaphandle kwesizathu enkathini yokukhula yesitshalo.
Uyazi? Ikhukhamba, indawo yokuhlala kuyo iNdiya, ikhona iminyaka engaba ngu-6 000.
Uma udinga ukuzwakala i-alamu
Kusukela kwizifundo zesikole ze-botany, sikhumbula ukuthi ukhukhamba ngezimbali zesifazane zihlukaniswa nokutholakala kwamaseli wenkosikazi. Uma ubukeka kahle, khona-ke phakathi kwamapilanga aphuzi ungabona ukuqhubeka okuncane kwembali ngesimo se-cylinder eluhlaza, efana nekhukhamba encane.
Yilapho ukubunjwa kwe-ovary. Ukutshala impova kwenziwa ngosizo lwezinambuzane ezithwala impova kusukela ekuhlungeni kwesilisa, nakuba abalimi bamuva bakha izinhlobo eziningi zokuvuna.
Cabanga ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani ukhukhamba wezinyoni ezingenalutho. Izimbali ezilahlekile - izimbali zesilisa, ngaphandle kokuthi i-ovary yekhukhamba isithelo akunakwenzeka. Bazimisele ukungabi khona kotshwala komama kanye nokuba khona kwama-anthers. Zibizwa ngokuthi izimbali ezingenalutho. Uma izimbali zivela njalo emva kwalokho, lezi zimbali zivela, kanti izithelo ezivundile azikho, uthathe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo, ngaphandle kwalokho ingadi yakho iyoba yinyumba.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuxazulula le nkinga, kodwa ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi okufanelekile kwimeko ethile, okokuqala udinga ukuthola isizathu.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvela kwezimbali zabesifazane ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene zamakhukhamba kubangela ukushisa kwembewu emisha ebhethri noma ku-thermostat.
Izimbangela ze
Mhlawumbe imbangela yekhukhamba ukungabi nalutho iyinzalo. Kuyakwazi lokho imbewu kumele ihlwanyelwe iminyaka engama-2-3. Khona-ke i-inflorescences yezinhlobo zesifazane nabesilisa zivela ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi esilinganisweni esilingana. Kodwa uma ungazange ulalele lezi zincomo futhi uhlume okusanhlamvu okusha, ungabuzi ukuthi kungani ukhukhamba wakho unezimbali ezingenalutho.
Uma konke kuhle ngembewu, kodwa akukho ukuvuna, bheka amaphutha owawenza ekunakekeleni izitshalo. Cabanga ngezinto ezivame kakhulu.
Khulisa ukuqina
Le nkinga ivame kakhulu ekulimeni imifino ezindaweni lapho kungekho isikhala esanele kuzo zonke izitshalo ezihleliwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuze alondoloze isikhala, umgadi wensimu wenza inqwaba yesitshalo.
Uma ebuzwa ukuthi kungani kuvela izimbali ezingenalutho ku-ukhukhamba, uMcwaningi wezoLimo lwezoLimo, uprofesa ohlangene nomnyango wokukhiqiza izitshalo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi e-Dnepropetrovsk Agrarian University, u-Elena Lazareva uveze, phakathi kwezizathu eziningana, ukungahambisani kwebanga phakathi kwemigqa nezitshalo kuzo.
Bheka futhi izinhlobo ezingajwayelekile zamakhukhamba: tladiant, melotriya, ikhukhamba-lemon.
Ngokusho kwakhe, Uhlelo lokuhleleka kufanele luhambisane ngokucacile namazinga alandelayo:
- ibanga phakathi kwemigqa - 70 cm;
- ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo - 20-25 cm.
Ukungazinaki lezi zidingo kuholela emahlumela amancane kakhulu angakwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele. Izimbali ezitholakala kuzo ngokushesha zimile futhi ziwa ngaphandle kwe-ovary, okusho ukungabikho kohlobo lwezinsikazi.
Uyazi? Abantu abavame ukudla amakakhukhamba ahlanzekile, ngaleyo ndlela bavame ukugcoba ingubo ye-thyroid bese behlanza izindonga zemithambo yegazi kusuka ku-cholesterol.
Ukuphuza amaphutha
Kubonakala sengathi izitshalo ezinomswakama zithola njalo inani elidingekayo lamanzi, ezinye izidingo nazo zigcwaliseka ngesikhathi, zonke izimo zefruiting zidalwa. Kodwa izimbali eziningi ezingenalutho kumakhukhamba ziwuphawu lokuthi wenza okuthile okungalungile.
Ezimweni ngokunisela, zonke iziphambeko ziyancipha zibe izinga lokushisa kwamanzi athululiwe ngaphansi kwezitshalo zemifino. Okufanelekile, kufanele kufudumele (kusuka ku-22 kuya ku-25 ºС). Lesi sincomo sibaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa kwemali. Amanzi okuchelela kufanele aqoqwe njalo ezinkomeni ezinkulu zokulungisa nokufudumala.
Kodwa uma ugcina kahle lesi simo, kungani amakhokhamba ekhula ngezimbali ezingenalutho nokuthi yini okwenzayo iphutha ngalesi sikhathi, abalimi abanolwazi bathi. Ngokusho kwabo, ukukhipha amakhokhamba njalo akusizi ngalutho ngokuphelele. Kumele kwenziwe ngendlela ehlelekile futhi eningi kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume izimbali kanye nesikhathi se-fruiting. Lapho imivini iqala ukuqhakaza, ayitholi nhlobo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze udale umkhuba owedlule kakhulu.
Ngokwemithetho yemvelo, ezithola ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjengalezi, ukhukhamba uphonsa wonke amandla awo ukushiya inzalo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhluma kwesilisa nabesilisa kubonakala ku-weave. Lapho umhlabathi uqala ukoma, futhi amaqabunga aphihliwe kancane kancane, udinga ukuqala ukuchelela, ukuphindaphinda kabili inani lamanzi.
Kubalulekile! Lapho izinga lokushisa ngaphandle lingekho ngaphezu kwe-16 °Nge, ukhukhamba wamanzi awudingi, ngaphandle kwalokho izitshalo ngeke zibe nezithelo.
Ukungabi nokukhanyisa
Incazelo yokuthi kungani amakakhukhamba angenalutho ekhula endaweni yokushisa yilokho isiko asitholi ukukhanya okwanele. Kukhona amacala emhlabathini ovulekile, lapho ucingo luhlanganiswa nomakhelwane abade. Yiqiniso, ukubaluleka kwabo kubalulekile, ngoba ukhukhamba ayithandi ama-drafts kanye abandayo.
Badinga i-microclimate ecacile endaweni epholile. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlela ukutshala ensimini, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ezinye izitshalo aziyikudala isithunzi sokukhukhamba okuthandayo. Ummbila, i-dill nezinye izitshalo kufanele zibekwe eceleni. 
Indlela yokubhekana namakhukhamba angenalutho: amathiphu abahlali behlobo
Uma ubona izimbali ezingenalutho kumakhukhamba, ungasheshi ukuzithatha. Okokuqala, kumele basebenzise umsebenzi wabo ekutholeni impova. Futhi okwesibili, emva kokukhulelwa kwezimbali zabesifazane, abesilisa bazobuna futhi bawa.
Ezimweni lapho i-ovary engakhiwanga, ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukuba banakekele umquba, izinga lokushisa, ukutshala indawo kanye nezinhlobo zezitshalo. Futhi manje, ngokuvumelana, sizoqonda ukuthi kungani ukhukhamba ziqhakaza kuphela ngezimbali ezingenalutho nokuthi yini okufanele zenze ezimweni ezinjalo.
I-Agronomists ikholelwa ukuthi izimbali ezingenalutho ziwumphumela wendawo engafanele yokuhlwanyela ukhukhamba. Umbhede ohleliwe akufanele utholakale endaweni ephakeme lapho kushisa futhi kusomile, noma ezindaweni eziphansi lapho umoya obandayo uqoqwa khona. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, akukho lutho okufanele lufihlwe isiko.
Kubalulekile! Ikhukhamba izokhula kangcono futhi igcinwe uma usula i-twine ekuthunyelwe ensimini bese wenza i-trellis yayo. Lesi sitshalo sizokhipha, ngenkathi kunikezwa ukuhambisa ama-stems namahlamvu, ukufinyelela ekukhanyeni nasezinyosi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izimbali ngeke futhi ingcolile futhi ukuvuna kuyoba lula ukuvuna.Isici esibalulekile esilandelayo se-fruiting ukugqoka okungalingani izitshalo. Mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma imbangela yezimbali zezinkukhu ezikhukhumezi ilele ngokuqondile kulokhu, kusho u-Elena Lazareva, uMcwaningi wezolimo zezolimo.
Ngokusho kwakhe, i-nitrogen ngokweqile yenza ukuba ama-lashes, amahlamvu, ama-tendril, izimbali zikhule, futhi azikho izithelo. Ngakho-ke, ungadluli ngamanyolo, ngoba ukhukhamba akudingeki ukwandise i-biomass yokuhlobisa, unesithakazelo ekuqoqeni okuphanayo nasezinkolweni, izikhwama, imiphongolo, ebusika efasiteleni.
I-carbon dioxide inganikezwa esitshalweni ngokuyihlanganisa nge-mullein. Ukuze kungabikho izimbali ezingenalutho kumakhukhamba, kunconywa ukuba ulethe umquba we-mullein noma umkhuhlane ngaphambi kokusila, futhi ngesikhathi sokuhluma - ingxube eyenziwe nge-potassium sulfate, i-superphosphate, i-mullein ne-extras ash ash.
Amaphesenti angu-100 we-ovary kuwo wonke ama-liana, u-Elena Lazareva uncoma ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ze-hybrid: "Udoti", "Nightingale", "Swallow", "Phoenix plus", "Crane". Bakha isitshalo esingama-700% ehektheleni, banike izithelo ezinhle ngamameva amnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hybrid ane isakhi sokumelana ne-peronosporoza.
Uyazi? NgesiSanskrit, igama lekhukhamba lihambisana negama lenkosi yaseNdiya, inzalo yakhe, ngokusho kwezinganekwane, inabantwana abayizinkulungwane ezingama-60.
Ukwandisa isivuno, uprofesa ohlangene uncoma ukutshala umbellas for pollination cross eduze kwekhukhamba izitshalo. Ngokuyinhloko, sikhuluma nge-dill, i-coriander ne-parsley.
Ngokuvamile, abalimi bakhononda ukuthi amakhukhamba angenalutho akhula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ngokunakekelwa okufanele, futhi, ngokusho kwezolimo ze-agronomists, isizathu esenza lokhu kwenzeke ukushisa. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, impova yamadoda efihlekile ekushiseni okungaphezulu kuka 26 ºС iba yinyumba.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulawula lezi zinqubo. Ukulondoloza izitshalo ensimini kusukela ekushiseni, emapulazini athile, lapho behlwanyela, batshala imbewu enommbila, futhi ngemuva kwayo ngamakhukhamba, bawashintshe. Ezindaweni ezincane ekushiseni kufanele zigcwale inhlabathi. Ngenxa yalezi zinhloso, ufulawa olufanele, usike utshani, utshani. Into esemqoka ukugcina umswakama we-mulch.
Indlela ekhadini yokulondoloza izivini ezivela ezimbali eziyinyumba ukukhipha phezulu kwesitshalo esikhulu. Lokhu kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni okusheshayo kwamagatsha ase-lateral, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona amaqabunga. Amakhukhamba okuqala, inqubo yenziwa ngemuva kweqabunga leshumi, kanti nakamuva - ngemuva kweyesi-8.
