Izindebe zasendlini zihlanganisa ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwendawo. Baletha ukuthintana, ukukhanya, ukugcwalisa igumbi nge-freshness nenjabulo. Nokho, ngeshwa, lezi zitshalo zivame ukugula.
Lesi sihloko sichaza izifo ezivame kakhulu nezinambuzane zezihlahla zesundu, kanye nezindlela zokulwa nazo. Ngokugcinwa kwemithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa, ukutholwa kwesikhathi kwezinyathelo zokulwa nezifo, ungaqiniseka ukuthi ukukhula okunempilo nokukhula kwemifino kudala isikhathi eside.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zemithi yesundu kanye nendlela yokubhekana nazo
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zidala umonakalo omkhulu esitshalweni, ngisho nokho. U-Palma ulahlekelwa ukubukeka kwakhe okuthakazelisayo, ama-pales, buthakathaka futhi kudinga ukwamukelwa kwezinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokusindiswa kwawo.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zingathola lesi sitshalo ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene:
- ukunakekelwa okungafanele;
- ukusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi engcolile;
- ukutshala ihlumela eligulayo;
- ukutheleleka ezitshalweni eziseduze.
Uyazi? Izikhunta zihlala emhlabathini wezimbiza nasezindongeni zeziqukathi cishe iminyaka emibili. Ngakho-ke, ngokunqotshwa okukhulu kwesitshalo, inhlabathi kufanele ilahlwe. I-tank kufanele iphathwe nge-fungicide futhi igwetshiwe noma ilahlwe.
Indawo yeLeaf
Lolu hlobo lwesifo esithathelwanayo lubangelwa isikhunta. Amachashazi avela emaqabunga asitshalo. Ziyizinhlangothi eziningi ezizungezile futhi zine-oval, zingaba nombala ohlukile (ophuzi, omhlophe, obomvu, ohlaza, obomvu, ompunga), ngezinye izikhathi uhlelwe emaphethelweni anomngcele.
Ubukhulu bamabala buxhomeke ezingeni lomonakalo esitshalweni ngesikhunta. Ngomswakama ophezulu nenhlabathi, i-fungus ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Uma ungathathi isinyathelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaqabunga aphela ngokuphelele.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zesifo zihlanganisa:
- ukuchelela ngokweqile;
- umswakama ophezulu;
- ukusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi engcolile noma ihlumela;
- izitshalo zokuqothula;
- umhlabathi awudluli kahle.
- ukhipha amaqabunga awonakele;
- spray lesi sitshalo nge-fungicides;
- ukuphuza ukufutheka.
Kubalulekile! Ama-fungicide amakhemikhali amaningi, futhi kufanele aphucwe ekhaya noma ehhovisi lapho abantu nezingane bekhona. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha izinketho ezinobuthi ezincane. Lezi zihlanganisa "Fundazol" ne "Topaz". Uma uphefaza kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise ibhande lokufaka i-gauze, futhi inqubo ngokwayo ukufeza ngesikhathi lapho kungekho muntu ekamelweni.
Amapendeni asePenicillosis
Lesi sifo sithinta amaqabunga amancane phezulu kwesitshalo. Amakha amnyama akhiwa kuwo. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo, ubukhulu bamabala buyakhula. Ngemuva kwesonto nengxenye, kubonakala kuvela ezimhlophe, okubunjwa yizinhlamvu ze-fungal. Amahlamvu athathe ifomu elibi.
I-fungus iqala emhlabathini, bese ishukuthela emthini wesundu. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zesifo zihlanganisa:
- ukuchelela ngokweqile;
- ukuphefumula komoya omningi;
- ukubeka isitshalo ngokukhanya kwelanga;
- ukusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi engcolile.
- ukulinganisela umswakama wenhlabathi nomoya;
- susa isitshalo ngelanga eliqondile;
- susa amaqabunga awonakele;
- inqubo ye-fungicides.
Umsuka wokubola
Lesi esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu izitshalo. I-agent causative yi-fungus. I-root rot ivela ngenxa yokuchelela ngokweqile kwenhlabathi.
Lesi sifo siphuthuma kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, abe mnyama. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izitshalo ziphela ngokuphelele. Amafomu ama-necrotic amafomu ezimpandeni.
Uyazi? Kungenzeka ukwelapha isundu somuthi kusuka ekuzimpandeni ukubola kuphela ezinyathelweni zokuqala zesifo futhi kuphela ngokutshala kabusha.
Lesi sitshalo kumele sisuswe ebhodweni bese sinquma zonke izimpande ezigulayo. Ngisho nezindawo ezimbalwa ezibolile kudingeka zisuswe. Wonke amaqabunga awonakele kanye neziqu kufanele futhi aqoshwe. Khona-ke lesi sitshalo sifakwa kwisisombululo se-fungicide ("Homezin", "Kuprozan").
Lokhu ukwelashwa kuzobhubhisa ama-spores we-fungus, engakwazi ukuxazulula izimpande ezinempilo. Uma kungenjalo, kunengozi ukuthi emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo lesi sitshalo sizoqhubeka soma.
Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15, isundu sesisuswe kusisombululo, kunconywa ukuba ufafaze izindawo zezimpande ezinqunywe ngamafutha omlilo noma ithebhulethi yamalahle amnyama. Izitshalo zifakwa ebhodweni elisha ngenhlabathi entsha.
Kungakapheli isonto emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo, lesi sitshalo kufanele siphuze kancane ngesisombululo sokuzibulala. Kuze kube khona umuthi wesundu usuqalile endaweni entsha kanye namaqabunga amancane avela, ukuchelela kufanele kube okulinganayo.
I-Stalk iyabola
Lesi sifo sithukuthelwa i-fungus. Izimbangela zesifo ziwukuchelela ngokweqile, amaconsi amakhulu okucindezela, umanyolo onganele.
Amaqabunga ahlanganiswe namabala amnyama, amanzi, phezu kwawo okufomayo okumhlophe. Lesi sifo siphuthuma ngokushesha futhi siholela ekufeni okuphelele kwesitshalo.
Izindlela zokulwa:
- ukususwa kwazo zonke amaqabunga agciwane;
- ukuguqulwa kwesundu, njengalokhu kwenzeka empandeni yokubola.
Kodwa-ke, esimweni lapho lesi sifo sonakalise kakhulu lesi sitshalo, isundu asikwazi ukusindiswa. Yena nommbila nomhlabathi kufanele kulahlwe.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvikela isitshalo ekuqaliseni lesi sifo, isundu kufanele sibekwe ekamelweni elihle kakhulu futhi ligcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa, hhayi ekuthungeni umhlabathi. Ukuze uhlole izinga lokunisela kwenhlabathi, hlala kancane umunwe wakho emhlabathini. Khumbula ukuthi emhlabathini umhlaba ungase ube owomile, kanti kancane kancane.
Izifo zemithi yesundu ezinokunakekelwa okungalungile nezindlela zokubhekana nazo
Ukunakekela okungenakuzithoba. Kodwa-ke, ukungahambisani nemithetho eyisisekelo yokubusa kwezinga lokushisa, ukuchelela kanye nokudla kokudla kuholele ekutshaleni izifo. Ukwamukelwa okwesikhashana kwezinyathelo zokuqeda amaphutha ekunakekeleni kuzobuyisela ubuhle obuyingqayizivele ukubukeka okunempilo nokuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo.
Iningi eliyinkinga yesundu ukuphuza okungalungile. Lokhu kuholela ekukhuphukeni kwenhlabathi ngokweqile nokulimala kwezitshalo, noma ekudleni ngokweqile kwezimpande, nokudla okunganele. Emva kwalokho, amaqabunga esundu aphendukile, ahlanganiswe namabala, isitshalo siyancipha futhi ekugcineni siphelile.
Izindawo ezimnyama
Yakhiwe njengomphumela wensimu enamanzi amaningi noma ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi onzima wokunisela. Imiphumela enjalo ingabangelwa nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa endaweni yesitshalo. Amabala anesimo nesayizi ehlukile.
Ekuqaleni bancane, nxazonke, kamuva bakhula futhi baba yindilinga.. Ukuze unqobe lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuthukuthela, ukusebenzisa amanzi ahlukene, nokugcina igumbi lokushisa ekamelweni. Wonke amaqabunga awonakele kudingeka adonwe.
Amaqabunga aphansi aphenduka obunundu
Amaqabunga aphansi aphenduka obuncane lapho ekhula. Emjikelezweni wokuphila wesitshalo, amaqabunga awo avuselelwa njalo: intsha iqhuma kusuka phezulu, kanti abaphansi bangasebenzi bese bethola umbala obomvu.
Amaqabunga anjalo kufanele anqunywe. Amahlamvu amadala asathatha izakhi ezivela esitshalweni, ngakho kumele asuswe ukuze akhululwe umthwalo ohlelweni lwempande futhi athuthukise amahlumela amasha.
Amathiphu amaqabunga aphendukile.
Izizathu ezenza amaqabunga esundu avule amabala:
- umoya omile;
- ukuphuza okwanele;
- lokushisa okuphansi.
- fipha amaqabunga ngamanzi;
- ukuvamisa ukuchelela;
- uma izinga lokushisa egumbini lingaphansi kwe-18 ° C, thumela isitshalo ekamelweni elifudumele noma epulasitiki le-foam noma izinsika zezingodo ngaphansi kwebhodlela.
Kubalulekile! Ebusika, ungavumeli amaqabunga esundu ukuba athathe amawindi. Ukuvimbela isitshalo ekuqandeni, faka uhlaka lwenkuni, ipulasitiki le-foam noma i-rag yendwangu efudumele efayeleni lewindi ngaphansi kwebhodlela.
Amabala okujikelezayo ane-halo ensundu
Ukukhathazeka okunjalo kwenzeka lapho ufaka lesi sitshalo ngelanga eliqondile. Ungayifaki isundu esangeni, ikakhulu ehlobo.
Isitshalo sidinga ukukhanya, kodwa imisebe eqondile yelanga ilishisa amaqabunga. Ukulungisa lesi simo, isundu kufanele sithuthelwe kwenye indawo lapho singeke sitholwe khona ilanga eliqondile.
Izinambuzane ze Palm kanye nendlela yokuzilawula
Izinambuzane zondla isitshalo sesitshalo futhi zithatha zonke izakhi ngokwayo. Ngakho-ke, umuthi wesundu ulahlekelwa ukudla okwejwayelekile futhi ekugcineni kuphelile. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokulawula izinambuzane ngesikhathi esifanele kuzosindisa isitshalo bese kuwubuyisela ekuthuthukiseni okujwayelekile.
Ukuvela kwesifo esinjalo kuhambisana nokuphulwa kwezinga lokushisa, izimo ezilula, ukunakekelwa okungalungile kwesundu, imidwebo.
Uyazi? Kukhona ama-parasites asuka kolunye uhlobo lwesitshalo kuya kwesinye futhi aqhubeke nokuhlakulela kuso. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona esinye isitshalo esiseduze nesigqila esasikhona noma okwamanje sikonakaliswe izinambuzane, isundu singase sithinteke.
Amapulangwe
Lesi yisiphithiphithi esiyingozi kakhulu somuthi wesundu. Kubonakala sengathi isicabucabu esincane, mhlawumbe sibomvu, sibomvu, sifunga. Ifakwa ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Amanzi amaqabunga ahlanganiswe nokuqhakaza okumhlophe, lapho izibungu zihamba khona.
Izinambuzane zondla isitshalo sesitshalo. Amaqabunga awonakele ahlanganiswe namabala amancane aphuzi. Ukubulala imikhaza Lesi sitshalo kumele siphathwe ngamalungiselelo afana ne-Vertimek, Mevrik, cyclamen decoction. Ukuphalaza kufanele kwenziwe kanye ngesonto kuze kubhujiswe ngokuphelele le nkathazo.
I-Mealybug
Amahlamvu, ama-scapes, ama-stalks ayamangalisa. Izinambuzane ziyi-oval futhi zihlophe ngombala. Hlanganisa emithanjeni, ema-scapes, i-ovary yamaqabunga amancane, ezimpandeni.
Zondla isitshalo sesitshalo. Ngenxa yomsebenzi obalulekile wezinambuzane, lesi sitshalo sinciphisa ekukhuleni, sibuthakathaka, amaqabunga alahlekelwa ukukhanya kwawo okunempilo, aphume.
Kuya ukukhipha ama-mealybugs, lesi sitshalo kumele siphonswe "Vertimemekom" kanye ngesonto kuze kube sekubhujisweni okuphelele kwezimpungushe. Uma lesi sitshalo singathinteki kakhulu, amaqabunga agciwane kufanele asuswe.
Thrips
Izinambuzane zinombala omnyama, ukuma komzimba okwehlukene, amaphiko amabili. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane kubangela umoya omile kanye nokushisa okuphezulu. Zondla isitshalo sesitshalo. Amaqabunga aphukile, alahlekelwa umbala wawo, agcwele izindawo ezimnyama.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaqabunga aphela ngokuphelele. Kuzo izindlela zokulwa isebenza ukufiphala "i-Vertimekom" noma "i-Fitoverm".
Kubalulekile! I-Thrips inamandla kakhulu. Ukushisa kwamakamelo kulungile ekukhiqizeni kwabo. Sekuyisikhathi eside bahlala efasiteleni, izindonga zebhodini. Ngakho-ke, nazo zidinga ukuphathwa ngezinambuzane.
Ngakho-ke, izifo zemithi yesundu kanye nezinambuzane zivela ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungalungile, izimo ezingekho esimweni ekamelweni.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zibangelwa ukunqotshwa kwesandla ngesifungi. Ama-fungicides azosiza ukuwaqeda; izinambuzane zisetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kwezifo, kubalulekile ukulungisa amaphutha ekunakekeleni isitshalo ngaphandle kokulibala.
