Izinkukhu yizona izakhamuzi ezivame ukwedlula zonke ezifuywayo nasezikhungweni, kepha ngokuvamile izinyoni zivuleleke ezifweni ezihlukahlukene, okuyizona ezibangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ezifini ezinkulu. Esinye salezi zifo ukutheleleka kukaMarek, okungajwayelekile, kodwa kungabhubhisa inani elikhulu lezinkukhu. Kulesi sihloko sizobheka ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe mayelana nalesi sifo, amafomu kanye nezindlela zokulwa nokutheleleka.
Amafomu wesifo
Isifo sikaMarek yisifo sokungenwa kwamagciwane kwezinkukhu, okuqale sachazwa ngumcwaningi waseHungary uJozsef Marek ngo-1907. Usosayensi wabiza ngokuthi inkukhu polyneuritis, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lesi sifo saziwa emhlabeni njengesifo sikaMarek.
Uyazi? Ukuqubuka kokuqala kokutheleleka kwabantu abaningi nokufa kwezinyoni ezivela esibhedlela sikaMarek kubhalwe ngo-1949. Kusukela ema-60s ekhulwini lama-20, insimu ehambisana nalesi sifo isanda njalo ngonyaka. Okwamanje, bahlushwa amapulazi ezinkukhu kanye nemifula e-USA, eJalimane naseNgilandi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalesi sifo, ezibhekene nesimo esihluke kakhulu sezinto eziphilayo zenyoni, ngakho-ke, sizicabangela ngokuningiliziwe ukuze sikwazi ukuhlukanisa ifomu ngalinye futhi sithathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ngesikhathi. 
I-Neural
Leli fomu lesi sifo lihlobene nomonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa zezinyoni. Isimo sezinkukhu sihambisana nokuthuthukiswa kokukhubazeka okwengxenye noma okuphelele, umsebenzi owehliwe, ukulimala kwesimiso nesistimu yezinzwa. Kulokhu, izinkukhu zisakaze imilenze yazo ngezindlela ezahlukene, uhulumeni uhlotshaniswa nokungabi namandla okuhamba ngenxa yokuhluleka kwemilenze.
Seluleka ukuba ufunde ngezifo zezinkukhu kanye nezindlela zokwelapha.
I-Ocular (ocular)
Leli fomu lesi sifo lihambisana nokulimala emehlweni ezinyoni, okungaholela ekumpumpheni okuphelele. Kulesi simo, iris yeso ihlukaniswa, uhlobo olujwayelekile lomfundi luphazamiseka, futhi kancane kancane luyancipha ukuqeda ukubhujiswa.
Visceral
Leli fomu lesi sifo lihambisana nokunyuka kwamapayipi ama-feather, ukutholakala kwezicubu ze-lymphoid ikakhulukazi esibindi nasesipheni. Lesi sifo sihambisana nokuwohloka kwesimo esijwayelekile senyoni, kuba yisisindo futhi silele, singasebenzi. 
Izimbangela zesifo
Isifo sikaMarek senziwa ngaphansi kwethonya le-herpevirus yeqembu B. I-herpevirus ingakwazi ukugcina umsebenzi wayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni, ukulala, amaqanda nezinto ezihlala endlini isikhathi eside, kodwa uma kusetshenzwa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomoya lizinzile futhi liyi-+25 degrees.
Igciwane, elithinta inyoni, lingadluliselwa kwabanye abantu ngamaconsi aphuma emoyeni, ngokusebenzisa i-tract emathunjini noma izintambo ze-feather. Ngokushesha kakhulu, bonke abantu bayathinteka yigciwane.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuvamile, izifo zikaMarek zivezwa kubantu abaneminyaka engama-2 ubudala, kulokhu u-85% wezinkukhu uzosuleleka uma igciwane lingena endlini.
In inkukhu inkukhu nezinyoni zingena izibungu, izimpukane, imikhaza, okubhekwa njengabathwali abakhuthele lesi sifo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngemuva kokutheleleka, inkukhu ayikhombisi izimpawu zalesi sifo, ngakho isikhathi eside iyithwala elisebenzayo legciwane futhi lihlasela abanye abantu. 
Izimpawu
Njenganoma isiphi esinye isifo, isifo sikaMarek sinezimpawu zesici ezihluka futhi kuxhomeke esimweni senkambo - elula noma ejwayelekile.
Sincoma ukuthi uzijwayele izimpawu nezindlela zokwelapha izifo ezifana ne-bronchitis esithathelwanayo, i-egg production syndrome, i-aspergillosis, i-mycoplasmosis, i-conjunctivitis, i-pasteurellosis, i-colibacillosis nesifo se-Newcastle.
Ifomu elihle
Inkambo enzima yalesi sifo ihlotshaniswa nezimpawu zomtholampilo ezinomzimba ezivezwe yi:
- i-emaciation;
- ukuphefumula;
- ukunyakaza okungahlelekile;
- ulele eceleni kwakho;
- i-hemoglobin ephansi namaseli abomvu egazi;
- ukwanda kancane kweminye imingcele yegazi (ama-phosphorus-eosinophils, i-lymphocytes noma i-monocytes).
Umumo wokudala
Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sihambisana nesimo sobuciko sesifo, futhi sibizwa ngokuthi yi-subacute course.
Izici zomtholampilo zefomu ye-classical zithobekile futhi zenziwe:
- izinkinga eziningi nge-motor system;
- ukusebenzisana nezinkinga zokuhamba;
- ukuhamba okungajwayelekile kwemilenze (bavuka ngokushelela futhi kancane kancane behla);
- ukukhubazeka ngokwengxenye kwezitho zangaphakathi, izinkinga zemilenze, amaphiko, umsila nentamo;
- ukunqotshwa kwe-sciatic nererve ne-nerve ye-plexus ye-lumbosacral;
- i-lesion ye-nertic optic, ubuphofu ngemva kwalokho;
- ukulahlekelwa ukudla noma ukulahlwa okuphelele;
- ukuguqulwa kombala we-iris nokuma komfundi (iris iphenduka imvifu-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma emhlophe-grey, umfundi uthatha uhlobo lwe-polygon, inkanyezi noma isakhiwo somdwebo);
- ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kweqanda noma ukungabi khona kwayo ngokuphelele;
- ukuphazamiseka kwesifo nokwemathunjini.
Ukwelapha
Okwamanje azikho izidakamizwa ezizophelisa ngokuphelele le nyoni isifo sikaMarek. Uma kutholakale ukugxila okuthelelekile, kusetshenziswa isifo sokuvimbela i-antiviral, kutholakala ukwahlukanisa, ngokuvamile inyoni ihlatshwa inyama ukuze ivimbele ukusakazeka kwesifo phakathi kwabantu abanobuciko.
Kubalulekile! Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokulwa negciwane iyigciwane lokuvimbela izinkukhu, elisindisa abantu abaningi ekutheleleni noma lihlinzekela inkinga yesifo futhi silondoloze impilo.
Cabanga ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezithathwa uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka kwezinkukhu ezindala kanye nama-broilers. 
Kuzinkukhu ezindala
Kungenzeka ukwelapha lesi sifo kubantu abathintekayo kuphela esiteji sokuqala, lapho umzimba wezinyoni ungakafiki ukukhubazeka. I-agent elwa namagciwane ephumelelayo ingumuthi "I-Acyclovir", kodwa ayiqinisekisi umphumela we-100%, ngisho nalapho isetshenziswe emibhalweni yokuqala yesihluthulelo.
Abanikazi bezinkukhu bazoba nesithakazelo ekufundeni ukuthi kungani izinkukhu zihamba zihamba futhi ziwa ngezinyawo, kanye nezifo ezivame kakhulu emehlweni nenyawo ezinkukhu.
Isidakamizwa kwezinye izimo asizuzi umphumela omuhle futhi asilondolozi inyoni ekukhubazekeni, okwenza ukuba umuntu abulawe ngokushesha. Isidakamizwa sisetshenziswa i-tablet eyodwa ye-200 mg nsuku zonke izinsuku ezimbili, bese unciphisa umthamo bese usebenzisa amaphilisi angu-0.5 ngezinsuku ezingu-5.
Ukuze unciphise umphumela wezidakamizwa futhi alondoloze umuthi wamathumbu esimweni esivamile, inkukhu ngayinye inikezwa i-Bifidumbacterin ibhodlela elilodwa kanye ngosuku, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuyaqhubeka izinsuku ezingu-5 ngemuva kokwelashwa nge-Acyclovir. 
Ekupheleni kwenkambo yokwelashwa, isikhala sesikhumba senziwa ngophethiloli we-herpes, sithola umbala ophaphathekile, owuphawu oluhle futhi ukhombise ukuqala kwenqubo yokuphulukisa yenyoni.
U-broilers
Ukwelashwa kwezinhlobo zezinkukhu zezinkukhu kuvame ukunikeza umphumela omuhle, ngakho-ke, uma ukhula ngama-broilers esikhungweni sezimboni, ukugoma okuvimbelayo kusetshenziswa, okwenziwa ngosuku lwesibili lokuphila kwenkukhu. Ngezinye izikhathi amatshwele agonywa izinsuku eziyi-10-20 emva kokugoma kokuqala.
Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo ekufundeni ukuthi izinkukhu ze-broiler zibukeka kanjani, yini enganikwa izinkukhu, ukuphakamisa nokugcina izinkukhu ze-broiler, ukuthi kanjani nokuthi yini okufanele ukhathalele izifo ezithathelwanayo nezifo ezithathelwanayo zezinkukhu, kanye nokuthi yiziphi izici nezinkukhu ze-broiler.
Uma ukugoma kungenziwanga futhi isifo sisakazeka, esivela ku-5 kuya ku-10% wabantu, ngakho-ke akusizi ngalutho ukuqala ukwelashwa, kulokhu zonke izinkukhu ezahlangana neziguli ziya ekuhlatshweni. 
Ngemuva kokugcina abantu abathintekayo, indlu iyaxilongwa ngokuphelele ukuze igweme ukungcola kwe-batch entsha ye-stock esincane ezobekwa khona.
Uyazi? Imithi yokuqala yokuthengisa ye-Marek's disease yasungulwa ngawo-1970 futhi yasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo njenge-prophylactic ngokumelene nesifo segciwane.
Ukugonywa
Ukugoma kwezinyoni usebenzisa ama-virus attenuated bukhoma. Emva kwenqubo, ama-antibodies kulesi sifo akhiqizwa emzimbeni wezinyoni, okukuvumela ukuthi ulwe ngokuphumelelayo nesifo uma uphinde ungene emzimbeni.
Ividiyo: Ukugonywa kwezinkukhu ezivela ku-Marek's disease Ukugoma izinyoni, igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lisetshenziselwa, okusekelwe ezinkingeni zekhukhu herpevirus, Kulezi zimali zihlanganisa:
- umuthi wokugoma wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ovela emzimbeni M 22/72;
- umgomo wokugoma i-liquid "Nobilis";
- izidakamizwa "Intervet";
- ukumiswa okufriziwe ngesimo semigomo "Vaksitek", "Mareks", "Rispens".
Ngemuva kokwethulwa komgomo, umzimba uvikelwe ngamaphesenti angama-90, ukuzivikela kwesifo kulezinkukhu kubalwa izinsuku ezingu-10 emva kokugoma. Ukusabela okuncane okunamandla kumgomo wokugonywa ngesimo sokulala nesimo sokulala kuvunyelwe.
Ngemuva kokungeniswa komuthi wokugoma izinsuku ezimbili, izinkukhu zinconywa ukuthi zifakwe endaweni efudumele ukuze zingabikho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kubanda ngenxa yokukhubazeka. 
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Ukuze ugweme ukuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka endlini, kufanele uhambisane nemithetho eyisisekelo yokuvimbela, okuyiyo:
- ukuhambisana nezidingo zezilwane nezihlanzekile ekamelweni lapho izinyoni zihlala khona, futhi zihlala emzimbeni;
- ukwenza ukucwiliswa okuphelele nokungabonakali kahle ngaphambi kokuqala abantu abasha;
Funda ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani futhi kanjani indlela yokukhipha imishanguzo ngokufanele ikhukhu yenkukhu.
- ukudonsa nokubhujiswa kwabantu abanezici eziyinhloko zesifo futhi basolwa ukuthi banegciwane;
- ukugcina izinyoni ngeminyaka, ngakho-ke izilwane ezincane kufanele zikhuliswe ngokwahlukana nezinkukhu, futhi izinkukhu kufanele zinikezwe ukunakekelwa okukhulu ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-30 zokuphila;
- ukuhlala ezimweni zokuhlukanisa okungenani ngenyanga yezinyoni ezitholakale;
- ukutshala izinyoni ngezimpawu zaso sonke isifo ekamelweni lokuhlukanisa.
Uma abantu abanezibonakaliso zesifo sikaMarek bekhonjiswa, izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezinzima zithathwa:
- ukuvinjelwa kokudayiswa kwamaqanda okuvela kuma-incubators nokudayiswa kwezinkukhu eziphilayo;
- ukuyeka ukuchithwa kwesitokisi esincane kuze kube yilapho lesi sifo sichithwa ngokuphelele;
- i-incubator eyasetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa isisetshenziswa ngokuphelele nge-disinfected;
- izindlu zezinkukhu zihlanza futhi zihlanjululwe nge-disinfected.
Kubalulekile! Njenge-antiseptic yokwelashwa kwekamelo, izixazululo ze-formaldehyde, i-chlorine, i-phenol, ne-alkalis ephephile zisetshenziswa.
Ngakho-ke, isifo sikaMarek siyingozi kakhulu ezinkukhu, ngakho-ke ukugoma kwe-prophylactic kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezinkampanini zezinkukhu kanye nemifula, okukuvumela ukuba ugweme ukulahlekelwa okukhulu. 
Ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokutheleleka kwabantu ngabanye, basebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvimbela, njengokungathi zonke izindinganiso ezihlanzekile ziyabonwa, izinyoni azikwazi ukutheleleka kalula.
