Izithelo eziphakathi kwe-pear ziletha umuzwa we-saturation okusheshayo futhi zijabule nge ukunambitheka kwazo okumnandi futhi zenze iphunga elimnandi.
Enye yezinto ezithandwa kakhulu yizinhlobonhlobo zamapheya "Nika", okuningi mayelana nokuthi sizoxoxa ngani kulesi sihloko.
Incazelo yezinhlobo ze-pear "Nika"
Ukuphakama kwemithi yezihlahla "isilinganiso sikaNick", kanye nesilinganiso sokukhula ngokwayo - isilinganiso. Umqhele womuthi ujikeleze ngamagatsha angavamile, aqine ngokuqinile. Amahlumela esihlahla salo mhlobonhlobo anombala obomvu ngombala obushelelezi. Shiya umbala ocebile ohlaza, ubushelelezi ngokukhanya okukhanyayo.
Izithelo zikhulu ngobukhulu, isisindo sesithelo se-Nika pear sifinyelela ku-200 g. Izithelo ziwuhlobo oluthile oluthile oluhlelekile. Isikhumba sesithelo sinobudlelwane obuphakathi, ngokubunjwa okubushelelezi nokukhanyisa okukhanyayo, okuhlinzekwa ngengubo ye-waxy.
Umbala wesithelo uhluka kusukela ekuvuthweni: isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okukhishwayo, umbala ubomvu obomvu obunobuningi obuhlaza; ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa komthengi - obomvu obomvu ne-predominance ebomvu nge-tinge brownish.
Isithelo sigcinwe esitsheni esifushane esinekhava esitholakala kumngcele omncane, omncane. Inyama ihle kahle-ihlungwe kahle, iluhlaza, ingabi granulated, inambitheka enomnandi futhi iphunga elimnandi.
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali ezinhlobonhlobo "Nika":
- inani elingu-ushukela - 10.2%;
- I-Vitamin P - 122 mg / 100 g;
- I-Vitamin C - 6.2 mg / 100 g;
- izinto ezinomile - 15.7%;
- iziqu ze-acids - 0.40%.
Izinhlobo ze-Pros and cons
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zezinhlobonhlobo yi-isivuno esisimeme futhi esiningi kakhulu se-pear "Nika". Izithelo zokuqala esihlahleni zivela eminyakeni engu-5-6 emva kokutshala.
Inzuzo engenakuphika ye-Nika eliphakathi kwe-pear is the high resistance frost of the tree, okwenza kube ekhangayo ukukhula cishe zonke izifunda zezwe. Iqiniso elibalulekile ekutshalweni kwalesi sihlahla sesithelo kukhona ukuhamba kahle kwephepha likaNick.
Uyazi? I-grade pears "Nika" ibuyiselwe kahle ngisho nangemva kweqhwa phansi -38 ° C, futhi umonakalo ungama-0.6 amaphuzu kuphela.
Esinye isici esihle se-Nika pear ezihlukahlukene ukuphikiswa kwayo kwesifo esihle, kanye nokudla okunambitheka kakhulu kwe-dessert.
Izinkinga zalezi zihlukahlukene zingaphansi kakhulu kunezinto ezifanelekayo phakathi kwabo, ukuzikhethela okuncane okuyizinto ezihlukahlukene, isidingo sokusika izihlahla njalo, kanye nesikhathi esincane sokuvuthwa kwesithelo se-Nika pear.
Indlela yokukhetha isithombo uma uthenga
Ngokuvamile kufanele sithenge izihlahla zezithelo ezitolo noma ezimakethe zembali. Ukuze izithombo zama-pear "Nika" zithole izimpande kahle, kubalulekile ukuzikhetha ngokufanele.
Into yokuqala okudingeka uyiqaphele ukubonakala kwenzalo: kufanele ihlambuluke futhi kungenoma yiliphi icala kufanele ibe nempawu zokuma noma ukuphefumula.
Kubalulekile! Inothi kumele ihlanganiswe kumlingana ngamunye ngolwazi mayelana nokuqinisa umfuyi, ukuhlukahluka, ukuzala kanye nencazelo yendawo enhle yokulima; uma kungenjalo itekisi elinjalo, kungcono ukwenqaba ukuthenga isiteleka: cishe kungenzeka ukuthi iwuhlobo olubi.
Imbewu emihle ingenani izimpande eziyisihlanu eziyinhloko nezimpande ezintathu ezinesilinganiso sobude okungenani ngu-30 cm. Izimpande zensimu yekhwalithi kumelwe zikhanyise, zihlanzekile, zingenakukhula, izindawo nezinpawu zokubola. Kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ezingaphenduki eminyakeni engama-2 ubudala; kulula kakhulu ukuthola lokhu: azizange zenze umqhele ngokugcwele.
Indlela yokukhetha nokulungisa indawo yepeyari
Ikhwalithi kanye nenani lezokuvunwa eliphakathi kwe-pear lixhomeke kakhulu ekugcinweni kwemithetho ye-agrotechnology yezinhlobonhlobo ze-pear "Nika". Le mithetho iqala ngokukhethwa nokulungiswa kwendawo yokutshala ipheya.
Uyazi? I-pear ayithandi "ukuhambisa" ezindaweni ngezindawo, ngakho-ke, lapho uhlwanyela izithombo, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanele kakhulu ukuze ungadingi ukuphindaphinda kwesihlahla.Abaningi bacabanga ukuthi i-pear isitshalo esiseningizimu kuphela, futhi balwela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlahla sikhula endaweni evikelekile ngokuphelele emoyeni, ngakho-ke batshala isihlahla phakathi kwamakamelo egcekeni noma, ngokucabangela ubukhulu obuphakathi kwe-Nika eliphakathi kwekhasi, phakathi kwezihlahla eziphakeme nakakhulu.
Lokhu akulungile, ngoba emthunzini ukwanda kwepeyari kungancipha futhi izinga lokuvuna lizokwehla. Izinhlobo ze-pear "Nika" zingcono ukukhetha indawo ekhanyisiwe, enelanga, efudumele.
Kubalulekile ukuthi leli peyari likhule endaweni yamahhala, kunalokho enkulu, ngoba, naphezu kwesayizi esijwayelekile somuthi, idinga isikhala esiningi sokuthuthukiswa okugcwele.
Ngaphambi kokutshala ipheya, kudingeka ulungiselele indawo. Qala ukwenza lokhu ngesonto ngemuva kokufika. Ububanzi bomgodi wokutshala kumele kube okungenani imitha eyi-1, nokujula - 70-80 cm.
Uma ugoba umgodi, kungcono ukushiya umhlabathi ophezulu: kuzodingeka ukutshala umuthi, kanti umhlaba ojulile awunakusiza. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale inqubo yokutshala, umhlaba udliwa ngamakhomikhali e-potash-phosphate kanye nendaba ephilayo ngesilinganiso esifanele.
Izitshalo zixhunywe emhlabathini, zibhekwe phezulu, futhi zilele emgodini. Le substrate ithululelwa ngesisombululo se-hydrated lime (2 izinkomishi ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi). Kule fomu, umgodi ushiywe isonto.
Inqubo ngesinyathelo-sinyathelo sokutshala izithombo
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala izithombo kuyoba ukuphela kukaSeptemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba (i-pear izoba nesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nokuthola amandla ngaphambi kokushisa kwezulu) noma ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi (kuze kube yilapho amaqabunga eqala ukuqhakaza).
Ukutshala izinhlobo ze-pear "Nika" kungcono kakhulu kwenziwe ngombhangqwana nomunye umuntu, ngoba inqubo ilula, kodwa kudingeka wenze konke okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukushayela isibalo ngamamitha amade ukuze wenze kahle isiqu nomqhele wesihlahla esincane.Ngakho, ukutshala i-algorithm yesithombo:
Thelela umhlaba emgodini ngendlela yokuthi isilonda esincane sakhiwe;- Ukutshala isithombo kanye nomusa, ngaphandle kokulimaza, lungisa izimpande;
- Gcwalisa uhlelo lwempande ngenhlabathi ukuze intamo impande ibonakale 4-6 cm;
- Gwema kancane umhlabathi ozungeza isithombo;
- Thela ibhange lobumba eduze komgodi ukuze umuthi otshalwe ungaphakathi emgodini, okuwusizo ekutheni;
- Nisela umsila ngamabhakede amabili wamanzi;
- I-trunk ye-seedling kumele iboshwe esigxotsheni ngendophi, isifake ngaphambili imfucumfucu ngenjoloba ukuze intambo ingakhuli emthini;
- Ngakusasa, rumble inhlabathi nge humus.
Thelela umhlaba emgodini ngendlela yokuthi isilonda esincane sakhiwe;Izici ukunakekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-pear "Nika"
Ukunakekela i-pear "Nika" kuhilela ukuchelela okulungile, ukudla okufika ngesikhathi, kanye nokusika izihlahla eziphezulu. Uma wenza kahle, uzothola umhlobiso omuhle engadini yakho kanye ne-dessert esimnandi etafuleni.
Indlela yokuqhuba ukuphakamisa ikhasi "Nika"
Umuthi wokunisela ngokucophelela nokuningi udinga ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala. Izithombo zivame ukuphuziswa kuze kube yilapho izimpande zithatha izimpande kuze kube sekupheleni. Ehlobo, umuthi uphuziswa kanye ngenyanga.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthulula amanzi ngqo ngaphansi komuthi, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande ziyohlanzwa futhi i-pear izofa. Kungcono ukumba umgodlana omncane ezungeze umuthi bese uthele amanzi emgodini. Ukunisela, kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi ahlukeneyo aphefumulelwe, ngoba umuthi ungagula ngokuphuma kwamanzi abandayo.
Ukuze ugweme ukwakheka kwe-crust ezungeze isihlahla, ngemuva kokuphuza kangcono inhlabathi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yale nqubo, izimpande zizophefumula kangcono.
Yini futhi nini ukunikeza amapeya
Uhlelo lwempande lwe-pear lufihlekile kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukudla kwe-Nika eliphakathi kwevame ukuvame ukungena. Uma utshala, umuthi uhlolelwa okokuqala, ukuletha umquba ophilayo emgodini.
Ukudla okulandelayo kwenziwa ekwindla. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umquba kanye nomquba usetshenziselwa futhi bawubhidliza umhlabathi ozungeza umuthi.
Uyazi? Ukuze uthole ukungena okungcono kwezakhi zomzimba ezimpandeni zephepha elikuzungezile, ungenza izimbobo ezincane uphinde uthele izixazululo ngomanyolo kuwo.
Ekusentwasahlobo nasehlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhula komuthi, i-pear ifuna inani elikhulu le-nitrogen, elifaka ekuthuthukiseni izicubu zomuthi. NgoJuni, i-potash izinto ne-phosphorus zinganezelwa emhlabathini - lokhu kuzoqinisa izinkuni.
Uma inhlabathi endaweni yakho iyasebenza, ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukondla i-pear ngamalungiselelo aqukethe i-calcium, noma i-lime noma umlotha angasetshenziswa njengengxenye. With izixazululo zalezi zinto kubalulekile ukuphuza umuthi.
Ukubhala izihlahla zamapheya
Ukudubula kokuqala kwenziwa lapho umuthi usuvele uneminyaka engu-1 ubudala. Kuleli qophelo, umuthi omncane unqunywe ngendlela yokuthi awufinyelele ngaphezu kuka-50 cm ukuphakama. Lokhu kuvuselela ukukhula kwamagatsha aphansi.
Eminyakeni engama-4-5 yokukhula, umqhele wepeysi unqanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukufinyeleleka ekukhanyeni futhi amagatsha anciphise ukunikeza umqhele isimo esihle njalo.
Ukusika kufanele kwenziwe ngenhloso ebukhali kakhulu, "kwendandatho," futhi kuphela lawo magatsha akhula ngokungalungile futhi athunise bonke abanye kufanele asuswe. Zonke izindawo zokusikeka kufanele zifakwe nge-pitch engadini noma i-putty ekhethekile.
Kubalulekile! Uma ungenzi ukusika izihlahla ngesikhathi esifanele, amahlumela azobe engabonakali, futhi izithelo zizokwehla kakhulu ngobukhulu.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuna nokuthi ungagcina kanjani ukuvunwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-pear "Nika"
Hlunga "i-Nika" ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zasebusika zamapheya futhi yingakho kukhanga kakhulu ukulima endaweni engadini, naphezu "kwentsha" yayo. Isikhathi esihle sokukhetha izithelo kungukuphela kukaSeptemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli amapheya esihlahleni, ukuze bangapheli-futhi bahlale kangcono. Izithelo ezigciniwe ezigciniwe eziqoqiwe ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okukhishwayo, umbala owuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Isibonakaliso esibalulekile sokuthi "ukulungele" kwesithelo okumele sivunwe ukuthi sitholakale kalula esiteshini. Isibonakaliso sokuvutha sizoba ukuqina kwepeyari: uma izithelo ziba buthaka, ngeke zigcinwe.
Kungcono ukugcina i-NIKA yamapheya ekuhambeleni okupholile nomswakama ophezulu. Esigodini esithile esikhethekile (kungcono ukusebenzisa amabhokisi akhiqizwa ngezinto zokwakha zemvelo) ubeke iphepha noma imicu ephansi, futhi ngezithelo ezingenhla noma ngezansi.
Phakathi nokugcinwa kwamapheya, kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile ukuba "uhlole" izithelo, futhi uma ubona ukubola noma ukulimala, lezi peyari kumele zithathwe ebhokisini elivamile.
Ukulungiselela izithombo ezincane zasebusika
Naphezu kokuthi i-pear "Nika" isihlahla sinqabile, ama-saplings amancane adinga indawo yokuhlala. Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, umuthi kufanele uhlanganiswe ngendwangu yamathamini, "uzofudumala" uhlelo lwempande. Kulokhu, utshani, i-sawdust noma i-humus izokwenza.
Ngokuqala kwesithwathwa, udinga ukumboza isiqu se-pear with agrotextile - isendwangu esikhethekile esedlula ngokuphelele umswakama nokukhanya, futhi sinomphumela "wokushisa". Kusukela phezulu, izithombo kufanele zihlanganiswe neqhwa, futhi iqhwa elivame ukulifaka phezu kwesivuno (Yebo, hhayi ukumboza umuthi phezulu), i-pear iyakhuphuka.
Uma ungenayo i-agrotextiles, ungasebenzisa amagatsha e-fir. Amahlumela abancane kunawo wonke aphansi angaphenduka emhlabathini, iqhwa "liyoba" indawo yokuhlala, futhi lokhu kuzokwandisa ikhwalithi nobuningi besitshalo.
Ukuphikiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-pear "Nika" ezifweni nasezinambuzane
"I-Nika" ayifuni neze ukugula, futhi uma kuthathwa izinyathelo ezithile zokuvimbela, khona-ke ngeke kube khona izinkinga.
Izenzo zokuvimbela:
- Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukwenza umquba wamaminerali nendaba ephilayo, kuzosiza umuthi ukuba uqine futhi kube lula ukukhuthazelela zonke izifo ezikhona.
- Ungagcini inhlabathi, ngoba indawo enomswakama iyasiza ekwakhiweni kwezincane ze-fungal.
- Ukusika izikhathi kanye nokuhlanza eduze kwesihlahla. Lokhu kuzosindisa lesi sitshalo kusuka ezinambuzane ezikhona kanye nezifungulu ezihlala ezinqwabeni zamaqabunga nasezimpilweni ezigulayo.
- I-Lime whitewash evikela lesi sihlahla ezinambuzane.
Uma usuvele uqaphele izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo: izindawo nezindawo zokuphequlula emaqabunga, ukulimala amahlumela kanye nokubola kwezinso, kufanele uphathe umuthi nge-fungicides bese uphinda ukwelashwa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-7.
Uma ubona i-white bloom noma ibhulogi le-spider ngaphakathi kweqabunga, i-pear kumele iphathwe nama-insecticide. Futhi empini yokulwa nezinambuzane ezigabeni zokuqala kuzosiza isisombululo seseva, kudingeka badonse lesi sitshalo.
Njengoba wazi, ikhasi elilodwa lingathela izithelo cishe iminyaka eyikhulu. Izinhlobo eziphakathi kwamaparele "Nika" - angenakuzithoba futhi ekhangayo kakhulu ekukhuleni kwesihlahla sensimu, ngakho-ke manje njengoba ufunde imithetho eyisisekelo yokukhulela isihlahla futhi uzobambelela kuwo, umuthi wakho uyokujabulela iminyaka eminingi.
