Ukutshala isithombo esiluhlaza: ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo nokulungiselela, kanye nesikhathi sokutshala nokuthi ungakwenza kanjani kahle?

Isithombo esitshalo siyisimo sokudla esingabizi futhi esilula kalula esasakazeka phakathi kwabalimi nabalimi.

Ukwakheka kwe-vitamin kanye nezamaminerali kuvumela ukuthi isitshalo sibhekwe njengento ebalulekile ekulungiseleleni izitsha zemifino eminingi, ukuvimbela i-hypovitaminosis nezifo ezihlukahlukene, nokuphila kwesikhala eside eside kwenza imifino ikwazi ukuyisebenzisa futhi iyiphumu unyaka wonke. Kungenxa yalezi zimfanelo bonke abalimi abathanda isithombo se-green.

Izici zemifino ekhulayo

1. Hlwanyela imbewu ehlwanyelwe. Imbewu engahlosiwe ingahluma isikhathi eside noma ingeke ikhule. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu kufanele ilashwe ngesisombululo se-boric acid ne-ridomil, enezindawo ezifakwe emangcwabeni, ukuvikela izitshalo.
2. Ukutshala kwenziwa emithonjeni noma emiphongolweni ngeqembu lembewu - izimbobo ezingu-3-5 emthonjeni ngamunye.
3. Ngemuva kokuba imbewu ihlume, ukucwiliswa kwenziwa kuze kube yilapho, njengoba ikhula, isitshalo esisodwa sishiwo emthonjeni ngamunye. Inhlabathi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kufanele ibe esimweni esinomanzi.
4. Njengoba zikhula, ukuchelela kuqhutshwa njalo futhi kaningi, njengoba isitshalo sinomswakama-onothando. Ukulandelwa okugunyaziwe nemithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo.
5. Ukumboza imibhede ngembewu etshalwe, bese-izihluthulelo, izinto zokuvikela ezimnyama ukugcina ukukhula kwembewu kanye namahlumela, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezinsuku ezincane zokukhanya.

Ukuhambisana namanye amasiko

Isithombo se-green siyanconywa ukuba sitshale ngemuva:

• I-Solanaceae;
• anyanisi;
• i-garlic;
• amazambane;
• ukhukhamba;
• amakhabe.

Hlela kabusha lolu hlobo lwesithombo emibhedeni efanayo kungaba eminyakeni engu-3-4. Akunconywa ukutshala isithombo esidala emva klabishi, ummbila, izitshalo ze-silage. Izitshalo, eduze nendawo lapho umakhelwane we-radish oluhlaza okuthandekayo khona:

• amagilebhisi;
• ubhontshisi;
• isithombo;
• i-basil enhle;
• i-legumes.

Ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene

Lapho ukhetha ezihlukahlukene zokutshala, kubalulekile ukucabangela isikhathi semifino yesitshalo kanye nesimo sezulu esithile sendawo. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-radish eluhlaza:

1. Ukuvuthwa kokuqala:
   • "Yuzhanka";
   • "Unkulunkulukazi Ohlaza".
2. Isikhathi esiphakathi:
   • "Glow";
   • "Ring Ring".
3. Ukuvuthwa kwesikhathi esilandelayo:
   • "Okthoba-1";
   • "Okthoba-2";
   • "Severyanka".

Ungayithenga kuphi futhi ungakanani?

Imbewu ingathengwa ngqo eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg ezitolo zabalimi, futhi ilayishwe nge-intanethi ngokudiliva. Imbewu ithengiswa emasakeni esikhwameni ama-2 amagremu. Izindleko zamabhagi angu-1 kusuka ku-ruble angu-9 kuya ku-35, futhi isilinganiso sama-ruble angu-22.

Nini ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile?

Izinto ezithinta isikhathi sokufika:

• ukukhula kwesikhathi eside kwezobuchwepheshe;
• indawo yesimo;
• ubude bemini;
• izici zokunakekelwa kanye nendlela yokutshala;
• ukufika kwezimgomo.

Njengoba kunikezwe lezi zici, Isikhathi esihle sokutshala sesitshalo kanje:

1. Ephakathi neRussia - ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ukufika okungenzeka okuvela ekwindla kuya ebusika. Uma isithombo sitshalwe ukuze sisetshenziswe ngokushesha, bese ukhetha isigamu sokuqala sikaMeyi sokutshala. Ukugcina ubusika - ekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
2. Ezingxenyeni - engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli noma ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.
3. ESiberia - engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli, lapho izinga lokushisa lizoba yi-degrees Celsius engama-4.

Isinyathelo-nge-Isinyathelo Ukulungiselela Iziqondiso

Umhlaba

1. Ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa ngokungathathi hlangothi (okuncane kancane) okuxekethile, inhlabathi evumise kahle, okumele ilungiselelwe ekwindla.
2. Umhlabathi we-Loamy awunconywa ukuhlwanyela.
3. Isiketshezi esikhuphukile senezelwa enhlabathini encane ye-asidi, emva kwalokho inhlabathi ibanjwa ngokujule okungenani amasentimitha amabili namanisi noma umquba.
4. Ngemuva kokuba lezo zinyolo zemaminerali zisetshenziselwa inhlabathi (i-potassium ifaneleka) ngesilinganiso sama-gramu angu-30 kumitha yesikwele ngasinye, i-ammonium sulphate noma i-superphosphate ingafakwa.
5. I-Humus yengezwa ngokuvumelana nesimiso "ibhakede elilodwa ngamamitha wesikwele."

Inventory kanye nembewu

1. Imbewu yokutshala isetshenziselwa ama-ra-mini noma ama-seed drill. Ungatshala imbewu ngesandla.
2. Imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala kumele ihlungwe, isuse umonakalo ongenakwenzeka noma ongaphandle.
3. Ngosuku olulandelayo ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu, imbewu isetshenziselwa isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-boric acid (1-2%) amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu. I-boric acid ingashintshwa yi-cobalt sulphate ne-ammonium molybdate.
4. Ukugubha kwenziwa ngokwemigomo ye-1: 3 (ingxenye eyodwa yembewu yezingxenye ezintathu zesisombululo).
5. Ngemuva kokumisa imbewu yomile.
6. Ukuze imbewu igqoke, i-Ridomil isetshenziswe ngesilinganiso sama-gramu angu-0.4 ngamagremu angu-100 embewu.
7. Hlwanyela ku-2 amagremu wezinhlamvu kumitha 1 we-square yenhlabathi.

Izindawo

Isithombo sitshalo esithandekayo nesithandayo. Ukutshala ukhethe izikhala ezivulekile nenhlabathi evulekile, ehlanjulisiwe, ilungile kakhulu usuku. Musa ukuhlwanyela imbewu ezindaweni ezinomthunzi. Kunconywa ukuthi awuhlwanyeli ezindaweni eziphansi - emibhedeni ephakanyisiwe isitshalo sizonikeza isivuno esiphezulu. Ukushisa okukhulu kokukhula kungama-15-25 degrees.

Indlela yokutshala: uhlelo kanye nobuchwepheshe

Ama-landing amasu nobuchwepheshe:

1. Emibhedeni engadini engamamitha ayi-1 ububanzi, yenza imigqa engama-30 cm no-2 cm imifula ejulile. Hlwanyela imbewu ngamaqembu ezinhlamvu eziyi-3-5 ngokuhlukaniswa kwe-cm 15. Emva kokuhlwanyela, ufafaza ama-humus.
2. Emigqeni ngebanga lama-50-70 cm uhlwanyela imbewu ngendlela efanayo nekhefu lika-1-1.5 cm. Emva kokuhlwanyela, umquba we-humus. Igebe eliphakathi kwembewu emva kokuqothula lingama-15-20 cm.
3. Lapho izikhumba zokutshala izidleke zinephethini lokuhlola. Kuze kufike imbewu engu-5 emgodini ngamunye.

Emva kokutshala, umbhede ugcwele ifilimu (ifilimu ayidingi lapho utshala endaweni yokushisa). Amahlumela avela ezinsukwini ezingu-4-5.

Ebusuku, izithombo zimbozwa ngezinto ezimnyama cishe amahora angu-7-8 endaweni enezinsuku ezide zokukhanya, futhi ngo-10-12 - endaweni enezinsuku ezilula zokukhanya.

Ukunakekela

Imisebenzi Yokunakekela:

• Ukunisela Lesi sitshalo singumngcwabo-onothando, kutuswa ukuba ugcine umhlabathi owomanzi. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngokushesha lapho izingxenye eziphezulu zenhlabathi ezomile, bese zikhululeka. Ukunisela ukuphuzwa nsuku zonke kwamaqabunga avela ku-dispenser.
• Ukuthinta. Kuyindlela edingekayo, ngoba esimweni sokungagcini isitshalo sizoya kumcibisholo bese uqhakaza. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa izikhathi ezintathu:
  1. Lapho amahlumela azovela leaf leaf 2-3. Phakathi kwabo ushiye igebe elifinyelela ku-15 cm, ukususa amahlumela abuthakathaka.
  2. Lapho kuhlanganiswa izitshalo zokutshala izitshalo, zonke izitshalo ngaphandle kombala oluhlaza wamahlamvu zisuswe.
  3. Lapho izimpande zifinyelela ubukhulu buka-5 cm, isitshalo sesishiyagalombili sishiywe emigqumeni ebangeni elingamakhilomenti angu-20 komunye nomunye.
• Hilling Iphethwe kabili ngesikhathi sokukhula. Okwesibili - ngokubonakala kwezitshalo, izikhathi zesibili - uma zifinyelela ubukhulu buka-3-4 cm ubude.
• Umanyolo. Kuqhutshwa okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ngesikhathi sokukhula:
  1. Masinyane emva kokuqothula kokuqala. Imibhede yaseJalimane efafazwe ngomlotha ophuzi ochotshoziwe ube yi-choki ngesilinganiso "amagremu angu-100 ngomitha wendawo ngayinye."
  2. Ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwezimpande izitshalo. Nciphisa ama-30 amagremu we-nitrophoska ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi. Uma ngesikhathi sokukhula amaqabunga amaqabunga aphekwa, amahlumela aphuziswa ngekhambi le-mullein noma efafazwe ngomlotha okwesibili.

Izinkinga nezinkinga ezingenzeka

Izinkinga ezilandelayo zingenzeka:

1. Imbewu yokutshala engazange ifakwe. Kulesi simo, isikhathi sokuvela kwamahlumela siphindwe kabili, okungaba yinkinga ezindaweni ezibandayo.

   Izixazululo: ukuhlwanyela ekushiseni okushisa, ukumboza imibhede ngento emnyama yokuvikela okungenani amahora angu-10.

2. Ukuvela kwezifo. Izinambuzane eziyinhloko zembewu kanye namahlumela esithombo: iklabishi izimpukane nezinhlanzi ze-cruciferous, ama-slugs.

   Izixazululo: ukwelashwa kwezinhlumela ezinomhlonyane ochotshoziwe, umlotha, izinaliti, uthuli ugwayi, ukusetshenziswa kwezimbewu eziphathekayo ekutshalweni. Lapho ama-slugs evela embhedeni - ukuhlanganisa ubhede. Lime umhlabathi lapho amahlumela okuqala.

3. Ukubola kwezitshalo. Ivela lapho ukuchelela ngokweqile noma okuningi.

   Izixazululo: landela imithetho yokunisela - manzi izitshalo lapho umhlabathi usomile, emva kokunisela, ukhulule umhlabathi. Susa izitshalo ezibolile.

Isithombo se-green kuyinto isivuno esingenakuzithoba futhi esiwusizo, okwenza ukulima kwawo kutholakale futhi kulula kunoma iyiphi insimu, ngenkathi kugcina yonke imithetho yokuhlwanyela nokuyikhathalela. Isivuno salo mifino singavuna izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka, isitshalo sifanele ukugcina isikhathi eside futhi sisetshenziselwa ukupheka, ukudla kwemfuyo kanye nemithi yendabuko.