I-petunia ekhanyayo iyisitshalo esimnandi, uphawu olumibalabala lwehlobo elingenakunakekelwa, okuyinto ongayithandi ngokungazi, ngaso sonke isikhathi sidlula umbhede wembali oqhakazayo. Ezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo nokuziqhenya kombala, njenge-petunia, ingaba nomona umbala wonyaka wensimu. Uma unquma ukungeza imibala egqamile embhedeni wakho, qaphela petunia, ngoba ngeke kube nzima ukukhula futhi usakaze nge imbewu noma cuttings.
Uyazi? Imbali yokuqala ye-petunia, echazwe endabeni, yayimhlophe futhi itholakala e-Uruguay ngo-1973. UPetunia ekuqaleni wayebizwa nge-nicotini ngesiLatini, kamuva waqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-petun, okusho ukuthi ugwayi ngesiPutukezi, ngoba i-petunia kanye nogwayi zihlobene nezitshalo.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-petunia ngembewu
Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka indlela yokutshala kahle izithombo ze-petunia ngembewu. Uma ungumlimi we-novice, ngakho-ke kulula ukuthi ukhethe imbewu enomtholampilo. I-Petunia inembewu encane kakhulu (imbewu ka-1 g -10 000), ngakho-ke uma ungayitholanga imbewu egciniwe, ngakho-ke kulula ukuhlwanyela, mane uhlanganise nje evamile nesihlabathi ku-1: 5. Esinye isici esivela kubalimi abanolwazi ukuhlwanyela imbewu emgqeni weqhwa elibekiwe phezulu kwenhlabathi. Lokhu kuzonikeza umswakama owengeziwe futhi kukuvumele ukuba ubone ukuthi imbewu ihlakazekile ngendlela efanayo.
Lapho Imbewu YePetunia Ihlwanyelwa
Asikho isikhathi esithile lapho kudingeka khona ukutshala i-petunia kwizithombo. Imigomo yokuhlwanyela ixhomeke esikhathini olindele ukusilayela futhi yiziphi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ozikhethayo: umbala omncane (ihluma izinsuku ezingama-75 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela) noma inkulu-inikwe amandla (emva kuka-90). Ungahlwanyela imbewu ngoFebhuwari, kodwa kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi baqokonyiswa njalo. Uma isikhathi sokubhakabhaka singabalulekile, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuhlwanyela ngoMashi nangomkhawulo omkhulu, ngoba akuzona zonke izinhlumela ezihluma ngenxa yamahora amancane emini.
Indlela yokulungisa i-substrate yokutshala i-petunias
I-Petunia ithanda okungewona i-alkali, inhlabathi ene-humid-absorbing and loose, ngakho-ke, i-primer ekhethekile iyalungiselelwa yona. Kudingekile ukuxuba ngobuningi obulinganayo umhlabathi we-turf, i-humus ne-peat. Uma unomhlabathi olungeleyo, engeza isihlabathi esandulele ngaphambi kokuhlanza ku-5: 1. Ngaphambi kwe-temkak ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-petunia, umhlaba olungiselelwe kumele uthuthukiswe nge-substrate. I-recipe yokulungiselela kwayo ilula: i-5 kg yenhlabathi ehlanganiswe ne-500 g yomlotha, 250 g we-perlite kanye nepuniji le-potassium sulfate. Uma kungekho sulphate ye-potassium, yibeke esikhundleni sayo nanoma yimuphi omunye umanyolo onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwalesi sici. Bese uhlanganise konke, uthele kakhulu futhi ushiye usuku.
Indlela yokutshala imbewu ye-petunia
Okokuqala kudingeka ukhethe isitsha sokutshala, kungaba amabhokisi epulasitiki, izimbiza ezincane. Abanye balimi basebenzisa iziqukathi zokudla ezinama-lids, benza ama-green-green ahlanzekile okuvumela ukuba ugcine izinga lokushisa elifunayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badlulisa ukukhanya okudingekayo izithombo, futhi kalula umoya. Beka isikhala se-claydite phansi kwesitsha esikhethiwe, bese uyingxenye yomhlabathi olungiselelwe, ucindezela ngobumnene. Phakamisa ingxenye esele nge-sieve enkulu bese ubeka ungqimba oluphezulu mayelana nobubanzi obuyi-cm. Phula imbewu phezulu, ufafaze ngamanzi kusuka ebhodleleni le-spray. Awudingi ukugcwalisa imbewu ngenhlabathi phezulu, ngakho imbewu encane ayikwazi ukuphuma emhlabathini. Ngemuva kokuphuma, vala isitsha nge-plastic cap, ingilazi noma indwangu.
Izimo ezidingekayo zokuvela kwezithombo
Uma wenze konke okuchaziwe ngenhla, amahlumela okuqala azovela ngesonto ngemuva kokutshala. Ukuze uthole izithombo ezinempilo, ukwazi ukutshala i-petunia akwanele. Kusukela lapho imbewu ihlwanyelwe khona, izimo ezithile ukuthi lesi sivuno sithande kufanele sihlonishwe. Okokuqala, nikeza izithombo ukukhanyisa okwanele, kubandakanya ukukhanya okuncane ebusuku. Okwesibili, njalo ugcine ukushisa kuka-22-25 ° C. Ngalesi sikhathi, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukugcina umswakama ophezulu futhi uvimbele ukungena komswakama nomswakama okweqile, okuholela esibhedlela somlenze omnyama. Ngakho-ke, udinga nsuku zonke ukusula ifilimu noma ingilazi, eyayihlanganisa "ukushisa okushisa" kusukela ekunciphiseni.
Uyazi? Njengamanje, izimbiza ezikwazi ukunqoba ama-frosts kuya ku -4 ° C zitholakale, zingatshalwa ezindaweni eziseningizimu njengezinsuku zokuphela. Le mfanelo ivumela i-petunias ukuba ikhule ezindizeni noma ibeke izimbiza ukuze ijabule iso kuze kuNovemba.
Indlela yokunakekela izithombo ze-petunia
Ukuze uthole umbala omuhle kakhulu we-petunia, landela imithetho embalwa elula yokunakekela izithombo. Amanzi okukhululeka futhi ufeze izithombo ngesisombululo esincane sokuthi i-potassium permanganate, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombo ziyafa lapho inhlabathi ikhula futhi ikhuni. Udinga ukuwaphuza emanzini noma ngaphansi kwempande ukuze kungabikho amaconsi emaqabunga.
Lapho amahlumela okuqala evela, siqala ukuwahambisa, kancane kancane sandisa isikhathi esichitha emoyeni ovulekile. Ukushintsha okungazelelwe kokushisa kungaholela ekufeni kwezitshalo ezincane. Amaviki amane okuqala amahlanu, izithombo ziyokhula kancane kancane, kodwa lokhu kuvamile: izitshalo zakha uhlelo lwempande. Ngakho-ke, uma uqaphela ukuthi izimpande zigcwalise lonke i-clod yomhlaba, udinga ukufakelwa isitshalo se-petunia kwisitsha esikhulu.
Izithombo zokupheka
Lapho amaqabunga okuqala avela ezitshalweni, adilika, okungukuthi, ahlezi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uqinise uhlelo lwempande zezithombo ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni evulekile. Ngaphambi kokumisa umhlabathi, ngokucophelela uphonsa isithombo nge-wand bese uyisusa, kuyilapho ungazami ukuzulazula inhlabathi. Faka umquba embizeni enenhlabathi efanayo. Ngemva kokuvula izitshalo, zithele, zimboze ngephepha bese uqhubeka umanzi njalo ukhulule inhlabathi. Ngemuva kwesonto emva kokukhethwa, baqala ukudla izithombo. I-Nitrophoska, i-Kemira, i-Mortar, nezinye izikhupha ezimanzi ngamanzi angama-20-30 g ngalinye ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi afanelekile. Ukuze 'senze lukhuni' lesi sitshalo, siyaqhubeka sinciphisa kancane kancane izinga lokushisa emini kuya ku-18-20 degrees, ebusuku kuya ku-15-16 ° С. Ukuze uthole isihlahla esihle futhi sihle, khula amahlumela kudingeka ku-zaschpnut. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, ngokukhanyisa kahle nokunyuka kwamanzi uthola izithombo ezinempilo futhi eziphezulu.
Uyazi? I-Crazytunia i-petunias hybrid inezimbali ezishintsha umbala kuye ngokuthi inkathi yentuthuko kanye nokushisa, isibonelo, kusuka kulamula ophuzi kuya ophuzi.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele kwenziwe lapho ama-frosts entwasahlobo esephelile. Uma uhlwanyela imbewu ngoMashi, khona-ke cishe maphakathi no-May, izithombo zilungele ukutshala. Ngaphambi kwalokho, kunconywa ukubamba iziqukathi zezithombo endaweni epholile kancane, ukuze zijwayele izimo ezintsha zokushisa. Iplanti ikhetha evulekile futhi ilanga, kodwa sichitha ukufika ngokwalo kusihlwa noma ngosuku oludakayo. Ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha, kuyoba usizo kakhulu ukwethula umquba noma ama-humus emhlabathini, kodwa hhayi umquba, kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwefungus. Hlanganisa kahle izithombo ezimbizeni bese uzifakisela ndawonye nge-clod yodaka ebangeni lika-35-50 cm komunye nomunye, bese uyinisela.
Indlela yokuqothula i-petunia, izitshalo ezikhulayo ezivela ku-cuttings
Manje cabanga ukuthi ungakhula kanjani futhi ukwandise i-petunia cuttings. Ngale ndlela, ikakhulukazi i-terry ne-ampelous petunias iyakhula. Abalimi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kube yithembeke kakhulu, ngoba inikeza cishe ukuqothula okuphelele futhi kulula ukulondoloza. Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-petunias ekhulayo kusuka ku-cuttings ingaphezu kwembewu, izimbali - ezinsukwini ezingu-25-35.
Ukulungiswa nini futhi kanjani ukulungiselela i-petunia cuttings
Kunezimfihlo eziningana ukuthi kufanele kanjani ukusika kahle i-petunia. Izinto eziyinhloko zihlobene nesikhathi sokusika izihlahla kanye nezihlahla zazo ezifanele. Isikhathi sokusika sincike kuhlobo lwe-petunia: ngoba i-terry ivunwa ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi, i-ampelnaceae ingaboshwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, uma kusetshenzwa izinga lokushisa emoyeni ngo-22-25 ° С nokuqokomisa njalo. Esikhathini esitshalweni esihle se-uterine, ama-apical cuttings anama-4-6 ashiya ama-10 cm ubude anqunywa ngeceleni. Ukusika okuphezulu kokusika kunqunywe ngokucophelela ngesigamu bese utshala u-¼ ubude emhlabathini olungiselelwe njengembewu. Kulungile ukwenza izihlahla ze-petunia emathreyini wezitshalo noma izinkomishi zeplastiki zika-500 g. Ukusikwa kufakwe ebangeni elingamamitha amabili kuya komunye futhi limbozwe ngilazi.
Indlela yokucubungula i-petunia, ukulungiselela i-substrate
Ukusetshenziswa kwesithuthukisi sokwanda kwe-petunia akudingekile. I-substrate yenhlabathi ilungiselelwe ngendlela efanayo yokutshala imbewu, ukulinganisa ngaphezu kocingo oluphezulu lwesanti 2 cm olutshiswa nge-fungicide. Izihlahla ezinqunywe ngokushesha zitshalwe ngokushesha, ngoba ikhono labo lokuqeda ngokushesha liyancipha. Ukulungiswa kahle nokutshala izithombo ngokuvamile kuvuthwe ngemuva kwesonto ku-terry ne-ampel petunias futhi emva kokubili ku-calibrakhoa.
Kubalulekile! Uma kwenzeka ukuzaliswa ngokuphindaphindiwe kwe-petunias ngokusika, ungasebenzisi inhlabathi efanayo.
Imithetho yokunakekelwa yesibambo
Uma usika i-petunia, imithetho yokunakekela izithombo ifana nokunakekelwa kwezithombo. Kubalulekile ukuqapha umswakama womhlabathi kanye nokusika kwe-sprayer kusukela ku-sprayer, kuyilapho ugwema ukungena emanzini; gcina ukushisa kwama-22-24 ° C futhi unikeze ukugqamisa okuqhubekayo. I-petunias yammune ne-calarahoa bathanda isikhala esiningi, ngakho izimbiza zazo ziboshelwe. 
Kubalulekile! Uma unyawo olumnyama luvela uma kunesidumbu esiningi ngokweqile, kufanele ususe izicucu ezigulayo, futhi okusele kufanele kuthululwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate bese uvula kancane isitsha sokuhambisa umoya..
Ukuphoqa amaphiluni
Ukuze unike isihlahla isimo esihle futhi siqinise ubukhulu obunzima, izithombo zinyathela amaqabunga angama-4-6. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziqongo zamahlumela, zinqunywe ngenkathi zixhunyiwe, zilungele ukuqothulwa. Uma kunesidingo, ungaphinda uphinde uqede ezinsukwini ezingu-10-14. Ngemva kwesonto, i-ampelous and terry petunia ihluma, futhi i-calibrahoa ithatha amasonto amabili. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-petunia cuttings ngendlela efanayo okukhiqizwa kusuka izithombo. Izithombo ezisemqoka emva kokusika izihlahla ziyokhula futhi zikhule ngokushesha, ungesabi ukuthi uzozilimaza.
Ukutshala ukusika
Lapho ama-cuttings afinyelela ubude buka-10-15 cm, atshalwe ezimbizeni zobubanzi obuphakathi. Ngokujwayelekile, ukufika kuvela ekuqaleni noma phakathi kukaMeyi, lapho izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke lingaphezu kwama-degree angu-15. Kungenzeka ukutshala ama-cuttings emhlabathini ovulekile noma ukulenga izimbiza, bese ubondla ngamakhomikhali e-mineral organic. I-Petunia idinga ukondla okwedlulele phakathi nesikhathi sonke sezimbali, kuvame ukusebenza njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-10 nge-inflein infusion noma i-vermishim.
I-Petunia iyisitshalo esicindezelayo, ngokuvamile ihlushwa izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal kanye ne-virus, okungekho izidakamizwa. Kodwa-ke, uma wazi ukuhlwanyela kahle futhi ukhule i-petunia, ungakwazi ukugwema kalula izinkinga nokudumazeka kulo msebenzi othakazelisayo!
