Ukukhula kwezihlahla ze-apula ezweni kunzima kakhulu kunokuba kungabonakala ekuqaleni. Ukuze uhlale uvunwa kahle, kubalulekile ukunakekela izihlahla zezithelo, ukwazi izifo ezisemqoka zezihlahla ze-apula kanye nokwelashwa kwazo. Kuqondene nezifo ze-apula, amaqabunga azo nezindlela zokwelashwa kuzoxoxwa kulokhu okushiwo.
Uyazi? Izihlahla ze-Apple ziyizinhlobo zezihlahla ezinqabile nezihlahla zomndeni wakwaPenic. Cishe, indawo yokuzalwa yesihlahla - i-Asia Ephakathi, kodwa endle ingatholakala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kunezinhlobo okungenani ezingu-36 ezilwaneni, kepha i-apula ejwayelekile kunazo zonke. Amanye amagama ezinhlobo: amasiko, i-lybolistnaya, amaShayina, aphansi. Lezi zinhlobo zinezinhlobo ezingu-7.5 eziyizinkulungwane eziye zahlonywa izinkulungwane zeminyaka.
Amazolo kaMealy: indlela yokunquma lesi sifo, izindlela zokwelapha i-apula
Lesi sifo sefungal isesimweni esivame kakhulu emasimini, izingadi kanye nemifino yembali. I-mealy emthini we-apula ithinta amagxolo, amaqabunga, amaqabunga kanye nezihlahla zomuthi. Okokuqala, bakha ukuqhakaza okumhlophe okungcolile, okwenza ushintsho umbala ube luhlaza, amabala amnyama avele. Amaqabunga esihlahla aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi, asomile awele, amahlumela amasha awakhuli, futhi isihlahla asinamandla okwanele okuthela izithelo. 
Uma ungaboni futhi ungathathi izinyathelo zokwelashwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-mycelium izoqala imisebenzi yayo entwasahlobo. Ibekezelela kalula amaqhwa, ephikelela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomuthi. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa, kanye nokuvimbela, kufanele kuqale entwasahlobo. Umuthi uphathwa ngesisombululo samalungiselelo akhethekile, isibonelo, "Skor" noma "I-Topaz" ngesilinganiso se-2 ml ngalinye nge-10 l amanzi. Ngemuva kokuba isihlahla siqhakaze, sipholwa ngesisombululo se-oxychloride yethusi - 40 g ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa "Hom".
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokuvuna, kufanelekile ukuqhubeka nokulwa ne-fungus ngokuphalaza umuthi Bordeaux liquid (1%) noma isixazululo sensimu yamanzi neshubhu sulfate (20 g no-50 g, ngokulandelana, ebhakeni lamanzi).
Kusho kanye nezindlela zokubhekana nesilonda
Enye yalezi zifo ze-apula ezithinta amaqabunga omuthi. Izitshalo zingase zithinteke ngokuphelele. Ngaphandle kokuba kuthathwe isinyathelo esiphuthumayo, iziqu nezimbali ziyathinteka. Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlolisise lesi sifo ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bese u-oily-brown oily uqhakaza emaqabunga. Ngenxa yalokho, amaqabunga asomile futhi awe. Uma lesi sifo sithinta isithelo, asikwazi ukuthulukiswa: ukuphahlazeka namabala esikhumbeni sabo kuqhuma i-apula bese kuphuza ukukhula kwayo. I-fungus ivuliwe esimweni sezulu esimanzi, uma kuvula imvula, kunamazolo amaningi kanye nenkungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mycelium ibekezelela kalula amaqhwa, ehlala emaqabunga awela phansi esihlahleni.
Uyazi? Ukuze ungahlushwa ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo, ungahlwanyela ama-apula angavumelani nalesi sifo. Lezi zihlanganisa izinhlobo uJonathan, uSafron Pepin, Antonovka nabanye.
Ukuphumelela nokuqeda unomphela isikhala esihlahleni se-apula ngokuphatha lesi sihlahla izikhathi ezintathu ngesikhathi ngasinye nge-Bordeaux peints (4%). Isikhathi sokuqala inqubo eyenziwa entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho amaqabunga eqala ukuqhakaza. Uma lo mzuzu ungaphuthelwa, ukupuniza ngesikhathi sesikhathi sokuvuna kuyamukeleka, kodwa sekuvele ku-1% oketshezi. Ukulungisa ikhambi, udinga ibhakede lamanzi kanye no-400 g wezidakamizwa. Ukwelashwa okwesibili okwenziwe nge-fungicide kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva nje kokuba umuthi we-apula ukhule. Okwesithathu kwenziwa emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu. Uma isimo somuthi sinesihlungu kakhulu, ungakwazi ukuphindaphinda inani lezokwelapha ngenkathi ngayinye.
Kubalulekile! Ukukhetha isidakamizwa esifanele, ungasheshi ukuzophatha zonke izinkuni. Okokuqala hlola umphumela wayo kumagatsha amaningana. Ngakho ungavikela i-apple ekushiseni.
Imithi enjalo njenge "Zircon", "Skor", "Vectra", ne-"Topaz" iye yazibonakalisa kahle. Bazosiza empini hhayi kuphela ngesibalo, kodwa nangezinye izifo. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, ungakhohlwa ukuhlanza nokushisa amaqabunga awile ekuwa, kanye nokumba umhlaba ngokuzungeza isiqu somuthi.
Indlela yokwelapha isihlahla sama-apula kusuka ekuvuneni kwezithelo (moniliosis)
Lesi sifo sisebenza ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa. Emacaleni amancane okuqala ombala obomvu avela kubo, okuyinto ekhula ngokushesha futhi imboze yonke i-apula. Iba lula futhi ingenakulungiswa.
Phakathi kwazo zonke izifo zezihlahla ze-apula nezindlela zokubhekana nazo, ukubola kwezithelo kubhekwa njengenkinga enkulu kakhulu. Kungenakwenzeka ukubonakala esiteji sokuqala, kubonakala sekuvele esikhathini se-fruiting futhi kuhlanganisa ngokushesha isivuno. 
Akunakwenzeka ukulwa nalesi sifo esikhungweni esisebenzayo sokuthuthukiswa, kodwa izinyathelo zokuzivikela ziphumelela - zishaye umuthi ngokuthi "Chom" noma okufanayo. Ihlanjululwa ngokulingana kwama-40 g ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi futhi ifakwe entwasahlobo ngesikhathi kuvela amaqabunga amancane. Isikhathi sesibili sokufeza le nqubo siyadingeka emva kwe-apula. Kubalulekile ukufiphala ngesilinganiso sama-5-6 amalitha ngomuthi omdala ngamunye kanye no-2 amalitha ngamancane.
Ama-Anti-bacterial ashisa
Phakathi nehlobo, uma ngokuzumayo uthola amaqabunga asundu emthini wama-apula, okugcina ekugcineni ube omnyama, owomile, ushintshe isimo, cishe umuthi wakho we-apula unobuthi obuthakathaka. Lesi sifo silethwa engadini njalo kaningi ngokusebenzisa ama-saplings kanye nama-cuttings, athengwa ezitolo ezingahlanganisiwe noma ezitholwa njengesipho esivela kubangane nomakhelwane. Ngemuva kwalokho, zingabangela ukufa kokutshala impahla, kanye nokulimala kwesitshalo emithini yabantu abadala - ama-apula aphule emithini, kodwa angawa.
Indlela kuphela ephumelelayo yokulwa nesifo ukuvimbela. Ukuzivimbela, kuyadingeka ukuthenga izithombo kanye nokusika kuphela ezindaweni eziqinisekisiwe, uzifunde ngokucophelela ngokungabikho kwezifo. Isikhathi sokuhlanganyela ekulawuleni izinambuzane engadini. Bangabathwali bezifo. Uma usebenzisa ithuluzi, hlamba njalo futhi uyenze ngemuva kokuphatha izihlahla ezisolisayo. 
Ukuvimbela izifo ze-apula emagqabeni, amaqabunga, izithelo futhi ungakhathazeki ngemithi yokwelapha, sebenzisa isikhathi ukubulala imithi engadini. Ukwenza lokhu, lungiselela isisombululo sulfur sulphate, esithululelwa phezu kwenhlabathi (ebhakedeni lamanzi 60 g). Izihlahla ngokwazo kufanele ziphathwe nezidakamizwa "Chom" ngokulingana okuboniswe ngenhla.
Kubalulekile! Kungenzeka ukuqeda isifo esitholakale kuphela ngokubhubhisa ngokuphelele i-foci yayo. Zonke izicucu emithini kufanele zihlanganiswe nge-pitch pitch noma 1% ikhambi le-copper sulfate.
Indlela yokuvikela i-apula ngesihlahla se-cytosporosis
I-cytosporosis iyisifo se-fungal esithinta amagxolo ezihlahla. Kuwo, izilonda zombala omnyama zivela kuqala, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukwanda usayizi futhi ungene ngaphakathi kwesiqu, uguqule umbala wazo. Ukuze i-cytosporosis ejulile, izilonda ezinkulu ezinombala obomvu ziyizici, lapho kuthiwa kancane kancane igxolo lomuthi lifa, liwela kanye namagatsha. Uma umuthi we-apula ungaphathwa, uzofa maduzane. Isimo sithuthukiswa umhlabathi ompofu, ukunakekelwa okungafanele nokuphuza umuthi.
Ukuze ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo, ukuphalaza ngesidakamizwa esithi "Hom" kusetshenziswa entwasahlobo, lapho amaqabunga e-apula eqala ukuvuvukala. Ukuze kudingeke ukuthi kudingeke ukuthi ukhethe usuku olufudumele noluthandekayo. Isikhathi sesibili umuthi uphathwa ngesisombululo se-sulphate ngaphambi kwembali. Ukwelashwa okwesithathu kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kwezimbali nge "Ikhaya" elifanayo. Ebusuku obusika, iziqu zemithi emikhulu kufanele zicwebe, futhi izihlahla ze-apula ngokwazo kufanele zondliwe nge-phosphorus noma i-potassium.
Ukwelashwa okusetshenziswe ngalezo zindlela. Sika amagatsha athintekile, amanxeba ahlanjululwe ngethuluzi eliyinyumba, asuse kufika ku-2 cm wezicubu ezinempilo. Izigaba ziphathwa nge-sulfate yethusi le-3% futhi zihlanganiswe nesisombululo segadi. Uma kukhona imigodi esihlahleni, kufanele futhi ilungiswe. Izingxenye ezithintekile ezikude zomuthi ziqoqwe futhi zishiswe. Njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu, izindawo eziphathwayo kufanele zihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukubuyela emuva. I-lime stem kumele iphathwe hhayi kuphela ekwindla, kodwa futhi nasekuseni.
Incazelo yezinyosi ezinamandla, indlela yokuphulukisa i-apula kwesihlahla
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukufisa okuthakazelisayo kuthinta isiqu se-apula. Kodwa empeleni, lesi sifo siqala ngamahlamvu futhi kancane kancane sithinta i-cortex. Uma uqaphela ukuthi amaqabunga aphuzi e-apula, abesebenzisa imivimbo emhlophe neyesiliva bese ehlukana, ngokuqinisekile lokhu kubangelwa ukubhujiswa kwesihlahla ngesibhakabhaka esinamandla. Esikhathini esihambayo, amabala amnyama avela emagqabini nasitini. Umuthi ulahlekelwa amandla awo ngokushesha futhi ufe.
Ukwelashwa kufaka ekususeni amagxolo ahlosiwe esihlahla futhi kusetshenziswe ukusikeka ngeglue ekhethekile. Njengendlela yokuvimbela, ukwelashwa komuthi wonke ngezixazululo ezikhethekile kunconywa, ukugcoba i-trunk ne-lime ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Ukunakekelwa okufanele, ukudla okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokuchelela njalo nakho kubalulekile.
Izindlela zokubhekana nomdlavuza omnyama
Mhlawumbe lesi sifo esibi kakhulu yisifo somdlavuza omnyama we-apple, izinyathelo zokulawula ezisebenza kakhulu kakhulu. Lesi sifo sithinta amagxolo esihlahla, izithelo namaqabunga. Kulezi zinsuku kunamachashaza asakazwa ngosayizi nangokwengeziwe. Amagxolo emifucumfucu yomuthi aphuma, angaqala ukuvuka, bese eqa. Ukubola omnyama kuvela esithelweni. Uma isikhathi singaqala ukwelashwa, lesi sihlahla sizofa maduzane.
Uma nje lesi sifo sitholakale, wonke amagatsha abathintekayo namaqabunga kufanele ahlulwe futhi ashiswe. Izigaba nokuqhekeka ziphathwa ngesisombululo se-1% se-sulphate yethusi futhi kusetshenziswe i-pitch engadini. Emva kwezihlahla zama-apula zezimbali zidinga ukucubungula isisombululo seziphuzo zeBordeaux.
Kodwa lezi zinyathelo eziphuthumayo azisebenzisi kahle njengokuvimbela izifo. Qaphela ngokucophelela inhlabathi ezungeze umuthi, okumele ikhutshazwe nge-disinfected ngesikhathi. Izihlahla zidinga ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi esifanele, ngoba izifo zivela ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezibuthakathaka.
Isikhathi sokubhekana nezilokazane ezisakaza izifo, kanye nezinye izifo ezenza buthaka umuthi.
Njengoba ubona, ukuthola isivuno esicebile nesimanzi sama-apula, kudingeka usebenze kanzima eduze kwezihlahla. Zitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezifo ezehlukene eziholela ekufeni kokungabi isivuno kuphela, kodwa futhi nesihlahla ngokwawo. Kodwa uma unamathela kwezobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ngesikhathi sokufeza izinyathelo zokuzivikela, izifo eziningi zingavinjelwa.
