I-Cotoneaster, okuyinto emndenini pink, ikhula zasendle eChina, Buryatia naseMpumalanga Siberia. Kodwa wayejwayele ukuphila emigwaqweni yomuzi, ngoba akabekezeli nje kuphela amaqhwa, kepha futhi uphatha kancane emagesi, uthuli nokungcola kwemvelo.
Uyazi? I-Cotoneaster yi-shrub evamile ekhula njalo. Leli gama lamupha isitshalo sezitshalo saseSwitzerland uCaspar Baugin. Njengoba uhlobo olulodwa lwe-cotoneaster lubukeka lufana ne-quince, lwakhiwa igama elivela kwamagama amabili esiGreki: ukotonea (quince) ne-aster (efanayo). Namuhla isitshalo sisatshalaliswa kulo lonke i-Eurasia, eNyakatho Afrika ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlobo.
Yonke imininingwane yokutshala ikotoneaster
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo lwe-cotoneaster ukufakelwa lwenziwa entwasahlobo. Kufanele sibe nesikhathi sokwenza esikhathini ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga ahlume, kodwa emva kokuba umhlaba ususwe. Noma kunjalo, ikotoneaster emnyama-fruited futhi ekhazimulayo ingahlwanyelwa ekwindla. Nakulokhu, udinga ukubamba iqhwa, kodwa ukungahambi kahle kunanoma yikuphi amahlamvu azowa.
Uma ukhetha indawo ye-shrub, thatha izindawo ezinomhlaba lapho uzothola khona wonke umphumela wokuhlobisa. Nakuba e-penumbra, naye ukhula kahle kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi kule ndawo kwakungekho imimoya eqinile, futhi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ayejulile ngokwanele.
I-cotoneaster ayizithobeki enhlabathini, kodwa ukuze uqiniseke, ngenkathi utshala ungasebenzisa imifino edingekayo ngqo emgodini.
Izimbobo zilungiswe ngobukhulu obungaba ngu-50x50x50 cm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungqimba olungezansi lomgodi, cishe u-20 cm, kufanele luqukethe amanzi: izitini eziphukile kanye negravel. Kusukela phezulu, isihlahla asifafazwe ngenhlabathi evamile, kodwa sinomxube wezingxenye ezimbili zomhlaba we-sod kanye nenye ye-humus, isihlabathi ne-peat. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi injalo inhlabathi ngokwayo ye-cotoneaster. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukungeza mayelana nama-gramu angu-200 we-lime ngomitha wesikwele.
Khumbula ukuthi isihlahla sizokhula futhi senze umqhele omkhulu, ngakho-ke ibanga eliphakathi kwalo nezinye izitshalo kufanele ligcinwe okungenani isigamu samitha, futhi mhlawumbe kube ngamabili. Uma ufafaza isitsha somhlaba, umuntu kufanele aqaphele ukungavali intamo, okumele ivele igubungele phansi. Umhlabathi ngokwalo owuzungezile kumele uhlanganiswe kahle, uphethwe futhi ubeke umquba 8 cm.
Kubalulekile! Uma utshala i-cotoneaster ngodonga, ungalungiseli izimbobo, kodwa izinhlanzi.
Noma ngabe yiluphi uhlobo lwe-cotoneaster owalitshalile, luzothatha izimpande ngamathuba angaba ngu-100% ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Indlela yokunakekela i-cotoneaster
Ukutshala cotoneaster nokumnakekela kuyinto elula kakhulu. Uma ukhumbule ukuthi lesi sitshalo singumswakama owedlula ngokweqile ezimpandeni, khona-ke ngeke kube nezinkinga zokukhula. I-shrub ayidingi ukuchelela okukhethekile ngisho nasezinsukwini ezinzima kunazo zonke zasehlobo - ithola isomiso ngaphandle kwemiphumela eyingozi. Kodwa uma kwakumile kakhulu ehlobo, kusetshenzwa amanzi njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili kanye namabhakede ayisikhombisa ngesihlahla sabantu abadala. Ukunisela njalo ngenyanga kuqinisekisa izitshalo zokuhlobisa ezingenamandla. Ngenkambiso efanayo, ungakwazi ukugeza uthuli nosizi oluvela ehlathini.
Ukunakekela i-cotoneaster kudinga ukususwa kokhula njalo emva kokunisela noma imvula. Ngemuva kwalendlela, kunconywa ukuba ukhulule inhlabathi ngaphansi kwakhe futhi ujikeleze cishe ngamasentimitha angu-15. Ukuxubha nge-peat kuze kube ngu-8 cm kuphelisa le nqubo.
Uyazi? I-Cotoneaster yi-shrub ekhula ngokuqondile ewela amaqabunga ekwindla. Ngaphandle kokusika izihlahla, zingakhula zibe ngamamitha amabili ukuphakama. Amaqabunga e-elliptical angama-5 cm ubude, aphelile ekugcineni futhi agcwele amahlumela. Ithembo eliyisisekelo lombala liluhlaza okomnyama, kodwa ehlobo lingathola ithoni elibomvu. I-Cotoneaster blooms kusukela ngo-May kuya ku-Juni ngezimbali ezibomvu, zihlangene ezincane ze-inflorescences ezingaphezu kwesishiyagalombili. Izithelo ezinhle ezimnyama ezimnyama ezihlobisa izihlahla ngaphambi kweqhwa, zivela ngonyaka wesine wesitshalo. Futhi ngaphandle kokufakelwa, kungakhula endaweni eyodwa kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50.
Ukukhulisa ukotoneaster kudinga ukondla ngezikhathi ezithile. Isikhathi sokuqala se-humus siswa entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokumba kwenhlabathi yokutshala.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala uqobo ungenza umquba obunzima. Ngokushesha nje uma kushisa kakhulu, sebenzisa umanyolo we-nitrogenous, isibonelo, i-Kemira-universal prolonged granules noma isixazululo se-urea (25 g ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi). Ngaphambi kokuba umanyolo we-potash wezitshalo kufanele usetshenziswe: 60 g we-superphosphate no-15 g we-potassium ngamamitha ayi-square.
Indlela yokusika kahle ikotoneaster
Ukudubula kwe-cotoneaster kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kodwa ukuthi kuzoba kanjani kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwe-shrub nakuzinhloso zakho. Ukunciphisa kungaba yingozi, ivuselele futhi ibumbwe. Izokugcina ezimbili zenziwa kuphela entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokudalulwa kwezinso, kanye nokuqala - nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Ukusika izihlahla
Ukwenza izihlahla ezihlanzekile kunconywa njengoba kunesidingo nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ukufa, okuphukile, okonakaliswe, okugulayo noma amahlumela asendulo akudala ukususwa. Kwenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-shrub futhi ugcine ukubukeka kwayo okukhangayo.
Kubalulekile! Abantu abathandwayo nabalimi be-flower-flower abavundi bezintambo badidanisa i-dogwood ne-cotoneaster, bayithatha ukuba babe yi-shrub efanayo. Kodwa u-consonance yiyona nto kuphela ebenza bahlangane ndawonye. Eqinisweni, baze bahlala emindenini ehlukene. I-Cotoneaster inama-berries angama-inedible afana nama-apula ama-mini. Yena, ngokungafani ne-cornel, akavuki ngenxa yesithelo, kodwa ngenxa yokuzihlobisa kwayo, okugcina ukuthi uyaphila iminyaka eminingi yokuphila kwakhe.
Izihlahla eziguga ukuguga
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umkhawulo ophansi we-cotoneaster uba yize, ikakhulu uma kuziwa ku-chokeberry, futhi isihlahla sidinga ukusika izihlahla. Futhi, isibonakaliso salolu hlobo lokuxhaphaza ukukhula kwesitshalo esingaphezu kuka-7 cm ngonyaka.
Yisebenzise, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, entwasahlobo, lapho izinso zingakabi khona. Kuye ngesifunda, kungaqala kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli. Ngezinye izikhathi lenziwa eduze kokuwa - ngo-Agasti-Septemba.
Ukudubula ngomgomo wokuvuselela kuhilela ukunciphisa amahlumela avela phezulu ngenxenye yesithathu. Njengomthetho, amaqabunga amathathu kuya kwezine anqunywe, futhi ukusika ngokwayo kuqhutshelwa phezu kwamafihlethi athuthukile kahle. Lokhu kuvuselela ukukhula kwamafleji e-lateral noma ama-accessory.
Ukuze ugweme ukuqina kwesitshalo, ukususwa kwamagatsha amadala uma kwenzeka njalo eminyakeni emibili. Khona-ke ezintsha ziqhakaza kakhulu. Isibonakaliso salolu hlobo lokusika izihlahla zezihlahla zezihlahla.
Ukusika izihlahla
Lapho lesi sitshalo sifinyelela cishe eminyakeni emibili ubudala, futhi amahlumela azokwelula ama-60 cm ubude, kungenzeka ukuba enze izihlahla ezimilayo zesitshalo. Abakhi bemvelo bayayithanda ukuthi inganikezwa isimo esihlukile kunazo zonke: i-hemisphere, i-prism, i-cone, noma izinkomba eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Uma ukusika izikhonkwane kuqala, ukuphoqa iziqongo kwenziwa ukuze uhlangothi lukhule, futhi ngonyaka ozayo ungakwazi ukunciphisa amahlumela ngesithathu, ubanike umumo oyifunayo. Kunconywa ukuba uzame okokuqala amafomu alula futhi emva kokuthola amakhono adingekayo aqhubekele ekubunjweni okunzima. Indlela yokutshala ku-cotoneaster nayo ithonya ukukhethwa kwezinkomba ezithile, ngakho-ke, cabanga kusengaphambili mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zezihloko ze-shrub.
Ukhotho lweCotoneaster
Izihlahla zaseCotoneaster zihlotshiswe ngamapaki, izingadi, nezindawo zokulima, zihlwanyela emigqeni encane ezungeze izicingo, izindlela, kanye nezindwangu. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwehlukanisa izindawo ezihlukene kwisayithi, amaqembu ahlukahlukene ezitshalo, ukunciphisa ama-flowerbeds noma ukudala elinye lamalungu emcimbini wokucima.
Njengomthetho, ukwakha uthango oluvela ku-cotoneaster, amahlumela atshalwa emgqeni owodwa ngezikhathi ezingaba ngu-50 cm noma ngendlela enamanzi ngokujula nobubanzi bomsele wesigamu semitha. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswe futhi uhlangothi olubili luhamba ngesibonelo se-checkerboard. Nokho, ngokuvamile umugqa ophindwe kabili usetshenziselwa ukutshala ama-barberries, i-hawthorn nezinye izihlahla.
Ngemva kokutshala, ucabangela izincomo ezingenhla, izithombo ze-cotoneaster kufanele zikhule ngokuzimela iminyaka emibili. Futhi emva nje kwalesi sikhathi baqale ukwakha. Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukukhawulela ukuphakama kwe-cotoneaster, ukusika iziqongo zamahlumela. Lokhu kuzokwandisa kakhulu amagatsha ahlangothini. Uma sifinyelela cishe ngobukhulu ukuthi i-contour ihlelwe ukwakha, baqala ukukhawulela ukukhula kwabo ezinhlangothini.
Lapho isihlahla sikhula ngokwanele, sinqunywe ngokwefomu elihlosiwe. Lezi zinkinga kufanele zihlelwe ngezikhathi ezithile futhi zilungiselelwe ukuhloswe nokunqunywa. Phakathi nenkathi uzodinga ukuchitha cishe 3-4 izinwele ezinjalo ukuze ulondoloze ukuma okufunayo. Ukuphakama okulingene kocingo lwe-cotoneaster ngu-1.5 m.
Kubalulekile! Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ze-cotoneaster, kodwa hhayi okuningi kufanelekile ukukhula engadini. Izinduna ezingenakuzithoba futhi eziphikisanayo zisetshenziselwa ukukhuphula uhla lwezintambo: omnyama-fruited, shiny, ovamile (konke). Ziyakwazi ngokuphelele ukumelana nazo zonke izimo zesimo sezulu, izimo zezulu zendawo ephakathi, kanye nobusika-obuqinile.
Ukulungiselela ukotoniaster ebusika
Ngokuvamile, i-cotoneaster inamathela ngokwanele, ngakho akudingi ukulungiselela okukhethekile ebusika. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo ezinjengebusika-eziqinile njengezimnyama, ezicwebezelayo, ezivamile, ezivela kuwo. Kodwa-ke, uma ubusika obunzima kulindeleke noma usabesaba ukuthi isilwane sakho singasetshenziswa kanjani, ungakwazi ukugcoba inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla nge-peat, amaqabunga omile, amaqabunga e-spruce noma ezinye izinto okumele zimboze ungqimba olufinyelela ku-6 cm.
Ungaphinda ugobe amagatsha esihlahla emhlabathini bese uwamboza ngempahla efanayo. Ukwengeza, ungawafaka ngeqhwa. Kodwa uma kwenzeka iqhwa elinzima kunconywa ukuthi ususe izinto zokubamba ukushisa kusengaphambili ukuze i-shrub ikwazi ukuchitha ubusika ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela yemvelo - iqhwa.
Indlela yokubhekana nezifo ezikhona kanye nezinambuzane ze-cotoneaster
I-Cotoneaster ingenwa nezifo, futhi izinambuzane ziyayithanda. Kulezi zifo, ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhlasela isifo esinjalo sefungali njenge-fusarium. Kungatholakala nge-yellowing kanye namaqabunga awela phansi entwasahlobo noma ehlobo, okungukuthi, uma kungeyona inqubo yemvelo yezitshalo. Lesi sifo siboniswa kamuva futhi sihluphekile izimbali. Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha futhi uma ukwelashwa kungaqalwanga ngesikhathi, isitshalo singase sife.
Uma lesi sifo sitholakale ngezigaba zokuqala, ungazenza ngamakhambi abantu. Okokuqala, zonke izindawo ezithintekile zisusiwe. Khona-ke isitshalo nomhlabathi ozungezile zifuthwa nge-infusion yamazambane amazambane, i-yarrow, i-garlic noma i-decoction yomhlonyane. Uma isimo singanakwa, kufanele kusetshenziswe amafongicides kuphela.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane ku-shrub kungaphila ibhere eliphuzi, isicabucabu se-spider, i-scytwick, i-sawyer, i-apple moth noma i-aphid. Iqiniso lokuthi bahlala esitshalweni, bathi amaqabunga ahlakazekile, amahlumela abomile anomile. Uma izinambuzane zingakaze zithole isikhathi sokusakazwa ngokuphawulekayo phezu kwe-cotoneaster, ungasebenzisa namakhambi abantu. Lesi sitshalo sihlanzwa nge-decoction ye-yarrow, ugwayi, ugwayi. Ngaphandle kwalokho kuzodingeka usebenzise izinambuzane.
Njengoba ubona, i-cotoneaster - isitshalo esihle kakhulu futhi esibalulekile kumklamo wezwe. Kuyasiza ukwakha igodi elihle elizohlobisa isayithi lakho. Ngamakhono athile, anganikwa noma yimuphi, ifomu elimangazayo kakhulu. Esikhathini esifanayo shrub lula ukukhula nokunakekelwa. Kubalulekile ukutshala kusayithi elinjenge-shrub elizizwa lihle kule nkinga.
