Izinhlobo izihlahla ze-cypress bahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabo - ngisho ososayensi abakwazi ukubala ngokunembile inombolo yabo, babiza izinombolo kusuka ku-12 kuya ku-25 futhi bahola izingxabano ezishisayo: umndeni noma uhlobo lohlobo lokuthatha lolu hlobo noma lolo hlobo. Noma kunjalo, zonke izinhlobo zemithi ye-cypress kusukela esikhathini esidala ziyasetshenziswa umuntu.
Lesi sitshalo sijabulela uthando lomuntu, ngoba linalo:
- izinkuni ezithambile nezikhanyayo ezinezinto eziphezulu ze-resin (imikhiqizo ye-cypress ingagcinwa kahle amakhulu eminyaka);
- Izakhiwo ze-fungicidal (isikhunta nezinye izidakamizwa zigwema i-cypresses);
- iphunga elimnandi (impepho yenziwe nge-tar);
- izimfanelo zokwelapha;
- ubuhle nokuhlobisa.
Uyazi? Igama lesitshalo lavela emlandweni wasendulo wesiGreki. Izinganekwane zikhuluma ngoCypress - indodana yasebukhosini esivela esiqhingini saseKeos, owathi wabulala ngengozi intombazane yakhe ethandekayo ngenkathi ezingela, wayengafuni ukuhlala isikhathi eside. Ukuze amsindise ekufeni, u-Apollo waphendukela le nsizwa ibe ngumuthi omuhle - i-cypress.
I-cypress yaseJalimane: incazelo ejwayelekile
I-Cypresses (Cupressus) - ama-conifers ahlale eluhlaza, athandwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezifudumalayo nezifudumele. Isitshalo eside (ezinye izihlahla ze-cypress zineminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziningana ubudala) azikhule ngokushesha. Lifinyelela ekukhuleni okulinganiselwe eminyakeni engaba ngu-100.
Ukuphakama kwama-cypress kuyahluka: izinga lokulima lifinyelela ku-1.5-2 m, i-cypress yomgwaqo ingakhula kuze kufike ku-30-40 m. Ngenxa yokukhethwa, ama-cypresses-amancane ayatholakala. Iningi le-cypress ine-trunk eqondile, i-pyramidal noma i-kolonovidnoy isisindo (amagatsha omzimba wamakhukhula akhuphukela phezulu, eduze kwe-trunk). Izinto ezingavamile ezingezansi ziyi-cypresses ngendlela yokusabalalisa amahlathi.
Amagxolo esivinini se-cypress amancane, angakwazi ukugoba emigqeni ende. I-pigmentation ixhomeke eminyakeni yobudala, nge-sapling - ebomvu, ngaphezu kwamathoni ama-brown-ansundu.
Amagatsha atholakala ezindizeni ezihlukene, ahlanganiswe kahle, amahlumela alula futhi alula. Amaqabunga (izinaliti) amancane, ama-scaly (acicular ezitshalweni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-4 ubudala), agxiliwe egatsheni, anezinhlanzi emaceleni. Iningi lamaqabunga lihambisana negatsha. I-pigmentation ingumbala omnyama (noma kunjalo, abalimi baye bahlakulela izinhlobo eziningi ezinemibala ehlukene - okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, isiliva).
I-Cypresses - i-gymnosperms. Imbewu ivuthwe emaqenjini angama-round aphethwe ngamanqanaba e-thyroid.
I-cypress ehlobisa ikhanda ngobudala.
Uyazi? I-cypress ihlanza umoya, ithatha izinsimbi ezinzima nezinye izinto eziyingozi, iveza okwanele oksijini futhi inempahla ye-phytoncidal.
Uma utshala i-cypress emhlabathini ovulekile, i-thermophilicity yayo kufanele icatshangelwe. Ebandleni eliphakathi, e-Arizona, izinhlobo ezijwayelekile (ezivuthiwe) nezilwane zaseMexico zifaneleke kakhulu.
I-Arizona Cypress
I-Arizona cypress (C. arizonica) ikhula zasendle eNyakatho Melika (kusukela e-Arizona kuya eMexico), ikhetha amathafa asezintabeni (ekuphakameni kuka-1300 kuya ku-2400 m). EYurophu, ukuzaliswa kwayo kwezinhloso zokuhlobisa (umhlobiso wamapaki, izingadi, ukudala izicingo) kwaqala ngo-1882.
Ukuphakama komuthi omdala kufinyelela kumamitha angu-21. Ungaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-500. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umbala wegxolo uxhomeke ekupheleni kwesitshalo namahlumela awo: grey kumahlumela amancane nomnyama omnyama endala. Izinaliti - shades aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Esinye isici se-Arizona cypress - ukuthungwa kwezinkuni.
Ngokungafani nabanye abameleli baleli gciwane, izinkuni zalo zinzima futhi zinzima, njengezinambuzane. Izigaxa ezincane zinemibala enombala obomvu, emva kokuvuthwa kuthola umbala okwesibhakabhaka.
Lesi sitshalo sithanda ubusika obunamaqhwa obunqanda amaqhwa (nakuba bungakwazi ukubekezelela amaqhwa kuze kufike ku-25 ° C) kanye nemifula eyomile (ukubekezela kokubekezela kwesomiso). Ukukhula ngokushesha.
Kubalulekile! Ilanga eliqondile lingalimaza amahlumela amancane, okuholela ekumeni kwawo (lokhu kuzothinta ukubonakala kwesitshalo). Iminyaka yokuqala engu-3 yokuphila izithombo ze-Arizona cypress kumele ihlanganiswe ebusika.
Ukusebenzisa le cypress engadini njengesisekelo, abalimi baletha izinhlobo ezintsha:
- I-Ashersonian - i-cypress ekhula kancane;
- Compact - i-shrub enebala elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sezinhlanzi zephayini
- Konica - ihluke umqhele ohlotshiswe nge-keg, izinaliti ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka (akubekezeli ukubandisa);
- I-Pyramidalis - ngezinaliti eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomqhele ohlangene.
I-Cypress Mexican
I-cypress yaseMexico (i-Сupressus lusitanica Mill) emvelo ingatholakala eMelika Ephakathi. Iqala ukuchazwa yiPutukezi ngo-1600. Ihlukaniswe ngomqhele wayo omkhulu we-pyramidal, ukuphakama kwayo kungafinyelela ku-30-40 m. Ikhula emhlabathini omningi we-limestone. Izinaliti ziyi-ovate, zihlanganisa phakathi kwesokudla, umbala omnyama ohlaza. Ama-Cones amancane (1.5 cm), aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (aluhlaza) futhi anesundu (avuthiwe). Izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu:
- I-Bentam - Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amagatsha akhula endizeni eyodwa, enza umqhele omncane, izinaliti zinemibala ebluhlaza;
- Glauka - Umbala othakazelisayo obomvu wezinaliti namagatsha akhula endizeni efanayo. Ama-cones ahlanganiswe ne-bluish bloom;
- I-Tristis (edabukisayo) - unomqhele we-kolonovidnuy, amahlumela aqondiswa phansi;
- Lindley - ngefihlekile elikhulu namagatsha ombala ogcwele ogcwele ohlaza.
Kubalulekile! Izinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa i-cypress yaseMexico - hhayi isomiso esingaqineki futhi esineke kahle.
I-Cypress i-pyramidal ehlala njalo
I-cypress yama-evergreen (sempervirens) noma i-cypress yase-Italy yiyona kuphela imele yaseYurophu yezihlahla ze-cypress (i-Eastern Mediterranean ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa). Ifomu lesimo sasendle, ifomu layo elimhlophe libhebhetheka (elibizwa kanjalo ngenxa yamahlumela amakhulu ahlala njalo) - eFrance, eSpain, e-Italy, eGrisi, eNyakatho Afrika. Umqhele we-Colon umphumela wokukhetha (ukusetshenziswa kwamasiko kwaqala ngo-1778).
Ingase ikhule ibe ngu-34 m (njengomthetho, uneminyaka eyikhulu). Ikhula emhlabathini ompofu emithambekeni yezintaba namagquma. Ithola okuhle ukumelana nesithwathwa (kuya ku- -20 ° C), ihlala isikhathi eside.
Izinaliti ezinjenge-Scale ziyingcosana, ziluhlaza okomnyama embala. Izigaxa ezinombala ezimhlophe zikhula emagatsheni amancane. Isilinganiso sokukhula se-cypress yase-Italy sincike eminyakeni yobudala - esincane, esheshayo. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kuzofinyelelwa lapho i-cypress ineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala.
Ngenxa yemizamo yabakhiqizi be-cypress ingasetshenziswa nje ukuhlobisa ipaki, isikwele noma i-avenue, kodwa futhi engadini negadi. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-cypress esivame ukuluhlaza ngaphezulu:
- Fasciata I-Forluselu, i-Montros (isisindo);
- Indica (umqhele omncane);
- I-stricta (umqhele wesi-pyramidal).
Uyazi? I-Cypress ihlanganisa ukungathandabuzi. Kwezinye izinhlelo zenkolo, kubonisa ukuthi ukufa nokudabuka (abaseGibhithe lasendulo basebenzisa umshini we-cypress wokugcoba umzimba, izinkuni ze-sarcophagi, amaGreki asendulo ayewubheka njengophawu lomkulunkulu wezwe elingaphansi komhlaba - ahlwanyela ama-cypresses emathuneni namagatsha ase-cypress asezindlini ezindlini zabafileyo). Kwabanye, kuwuphawu lokuzalwa kabusha nokungafi (ngoZoroastrianism namaHindu, i-cypress ingumuthi ongcwele, phakathi kwama-Arabhu kanye nesiShayina kuwumuthi wokuphila, ovikelwe engozini).
Umndeni we-cypress ukhulu kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, izitshalo ze-cypress zihlanganisa izitshalo ezifana ne-cypress, izinhlobo eziningi ezisetshenziselwa ukutshalwa kwendawo yasendlini nokulima, kanye ne-cypress. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngempela. Lezi zitshalo ezimbili nazo zivela emndenini we-cypress, kodwa zifakwe kwezinye iziganga, i-Chamaecyparis (cypress) ne-Taxodium distichum (cypress cypress).
I-cypress ye-swamp
I-cypress ye-Swamp, iTaxiodium irowu kabili (i-Taxodium distichum) noma evamile, ivela ezindaweni ezisolwandle ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-North America (Florida, Louisiana, njll) - lapha ungathola lesi sitshalo endle. Amafomu enkambiso asakaze emhlabeni wonke (eYurophu, esaziwayo kusukela ngekhulu le-17). Igama elithi "Taxiodium irowu eliphindwe kabili" libhekisela ekufananeni newew kanye nokuhlelwa kwamaqabunga.
Lesi sitshalo sikhulu (36 m), isihlahla esikhulu esine-trunk eline-cone ephezulu (ebhinceni kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-12 m), ngezinaliti ezinamapensele ezintekenteke, ezilahliwe ebusika, futhi ibhakede elibomvu elimnyama (10-15 cm). Ama-cones afana ne-cypress, kodwa aphelile kakhulu. Isici esikhethekile se-taxium yomugqa ophindwe kabili i-conical or out-like-outgrowths - amapneumathores ("ukuthwala umoya"). Yilokho okuthiwa. Izimpande eziphefumulayo ezikhulayo ezikhuphuka ngaphezu komhlabathi ekuphakameni kwe-1 kuya ku-2 m.
Ama-pneumatics angaba angashadile, kodwa angakhula ndawonye futhi awenze izindonga zamashumi amamitha. Ngenxa yalezi zimpande, izihlahla zingasinda ezikhukhuleni zesikhathi eside.
Uyazi? Izinkuni ze-taxiodium eqoshiwe ezimbili zibizwa ngokuthi "izinkuni ezingunaphakade". Kukhanya kakhulu, akuvumeli ukubola, kunemibala ehlukahlukene (obomvu, ophuzi, omhlophe, njll). I-plywood nge-satin surface "satin yamanga", ukugeleza okudoba, kanye nefenisha yokuhlobisa kwenziwa ngalezi zinkuni. I-USA ithumela lokhu kuhuni eYurophu.
Ukukhetha okufanelekile kwensimu ye-cypress kufanele kucatshangelwe hhayi kuphela izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ezifunwayo, kodwa, okokuqala, izimo lapho i-cypress izokhula khona. Ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo, umuthi onamandla ngeke ujabule wena kuphela, kodwa futhi nabantwana, abazukulu nabazukulukazi bomndeni wakho.
