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Izinhlobo zamatamatisi

Ukwaziswa okujwayelekile kanye nokutshala izinhlobo ezinamatamatisi "French Muddy"

Utamatisi "i-French Grazdeva" yenzelwe labo abangenaso isikhathi sezinkinga eside ensimini. Yathola igama layo ngenxa yokufaniswa kwencazelo namagilebhisi "iminwe yaseDina". Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphelele kwabalimi abashadile futhi bathanda imifino esiphundu ngenxa yezici zayo, esizoxoxa ngezansi.

Incazelo

Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi yemvelo yonke: i-salted, i-pickled, ivunyelwe ukuba i-juice ne-tomato unamathisele, iphinde idliwe. Ngesitoreji esifanele, sizokujabulela ukunambitheka kwayo ngisho nezinyanga ezimbili emva kokuvuna.

Zijwayele ngokuziqhenya kokukhula kwezinye izinhlobo zika utamatisi: Tretyakovsky, Bison Bison, Red Guard, Bobkat, okusajingijolo Giant, Maryina Roshcha, Shuttle, Pertsevidny, Rosy Honey, I-Black Prince, i- "Persimmon", "i-Early Siberia", "Ukuthumba Okumhlophe", "I-Little Red Riding Hood", "i-Golden Heart", "i-Verlioka".

Izihlahla

Utamatisi "Umquba waseFrance" ukhula njalo ufike ku-1-1.5 m ukuphakama, kanti isihlahla siba namandla, adinga ama-garters, okungafanele akhohlwe. Amahlumela eseceleni akhula kancane, ngakho akudingi ukugcina. Ngaphezulu kwalokho, abalimi abanolwazi bahlukaniswa ngokuhlukana nokususwa kwezinyathelo ezikulesi sigaba: okukhudlwana ehlathini, ikhuphuka isivuno. Ngonyaka omuhle, amaqoqo egcwele utamatisi angakha emagatsheni awo, ahloniphe igama lawo.

Uyazi? Kwaphela isikhathi eside, utamatisi wayebhekwa njengesitshalo esinobuthi futhi wanyuswa njengomhlobiso wokuhlobisa engadini.

Izithelo

Lezi ziqoqo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa utamatisi 10-20 ngamunye. Uma udala zonke izimo ze-fruiting, khona-ke ngenkathi isihlahla singaveza kuze kube ngu-19-21 kg wezitshalo. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zinomzimba omuhle, umbala obomvu obomvu, futhi inyama enomnandi, enomnandi kakhulu. Njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela ukuhamba kahle kakhulu, kuvame ukutshalwa ngokudayiswa, futhi kulokhu kukhula ngokushesha ngokushisa kwamahhala.

Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene

Utamatisi "i-French Muddy" ibhekisela ezinhlotsheni eziphakathi kwesikhathi, eziphezulu ezinikezelayo. Esikhathini sokushisa, singathela izithelo kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala, emhlabathini ovulekile - kuze kube ngo-Agasti-Septemba, kuye ngezimo zezulu.

Kudingekile ukwengeza incazelo yalo ukuthi yizinto ezihlukahlukene ezivela esigabeni sesinqunyiwe, isihlahla sezintaba siyakhula emva kokufinyelela usayizi othize, ukuze zonke izibhamu zivuthiwe cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Amandla nobuthakathaka

Ukuhlukahluka okuthandwayo kubantu "Isivini saseFrance" kwakufanele Izinzuzo zayo ezingenakuphikwa:

  • Unalo ukunambitheka kwamatamatisi amnandi.
  • Izithelo ezimnandi zamasayizi aphakathi nendawo (80-100 g) zine-oblong shape, okuvumela utamatisi ukuba afane kalula kwisitsha sokulondolozwa, ngakho-ke kuphelele ukuvuna ebusika.
  • I-peel enamandla yenza kube lula ukuthutha utamatisi ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kanye nokugcina isikhathi eside.
  • Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekene nezihlahla eziphansi, kepha zivunwa kahle.
  • Kungenakuzithoba futhi akubangeli ubunzima ekunakekeleni.
  • Kungatshalwa kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile futhi uvaliwe.
Ngokuqondene nokungalungi, ukungalungi kungacatshangwa njengokuvuthwa okusheshayo ngemuva kwenkambu, okuyinto engavamile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokuvamile, izithelo kulokhu zivunwa ezihlaza, futhi zivuthwa ngezimo zegumbi.

Izithombo ezikhulayo

Isinyathelo sokuqala endleleni yokuvuna okusha ukulungiselela izithombo. Le nqubo ebucayi, abathandi abaningi bazama ukuphuthelwa, bethenga izithombo ezilungiselelwe. Kodwa, uma ubheka, akukho lutho oluyinkinga kule ndaba, into esemqoka ukulandela imiyalelo ngesikhathi nesinyathelo ngesinyathelo.

Isikhathi

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kunconywa izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Izinsuku eziqondile zokutshala izithombo zesikhathi esizayo zixhomeke ezimeni zesimo sezulu esifundeni, okukhethwa kukho okungcono kunqatshelwe ukuthi kungukuMashi.

Imbewu ne-Substrate Ukulungiselela

Ake siqale ngenhlabathi. Uma kunokwenzeka, ukhetho oluhle kulezi zihlukahlukene kungaba yintsidi engadini ne-humus.

Kubalulekile! Umthetho oyinhloko uthi kubalulekile ukusebenzisa indawo efanayo izithombo, lapho kuhlelwe ukutshala ngemuva.
Ukukhetha inhlabathi, iya embewu. Okokuqala udinga uku:
  • Yenza ukuhlunga (ukudonsa):
  1. Esigodini samanzi ufake 1 tsp. usawoti bese uphonsa imbewu lapho.
  2. Siphazamisa imizuzu emibili noma emithathu, okuyishumi okulandelayo kunika ukuma.
  3. Imbewu evukile yilapho ilula kakhulu "i-dummies", sinesithakazelo ezinhlameni ezihleliwe, ngoba zigcwele izakhi, kamuva ezivumela isitshalo ukuba senzeke.
  4. Geza ngamanzi wekhwalithi yekhwalithi bese uyomile.
  • Harden imbewu. Uma uhlela ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, khona-ke ukuqina kuyadingeka ngempela: kuzokwenza izitshalo zesikhathi esizayo zikwazi ukumelana nokushisa kwezinga lokushisa. Yenza okulandelayo:
  1. Imbewu esakeni elincane lendwangu ishiywe emanzini amahora angu-12.
  2. Uma amanzi eshelwa, imbewu evuvukala ithunyelwa esiqandisini amahora angu-10-12.
  3. Usuku sikwazi ukumelana nale mbewu ngaphansi kwezimo eziyi-15-20 degrees.
  4. Phinda izikhathi ezingu-2-3.
Uma ukutshala kuhleliwe ekushiseni okushisa, khona-ke ngaphambi kokuqina akudingeki.

  • Sichitha ukuhlwanyela ukuhlwanyela esizayo. Ukuvimbela izifo akuthathi isikhathi esiningi, kodwa kuzovikela isivuno sakho. Ukubhubhisa amabhaktheriya akhona embewu, gcoba imizuzu engu-15-20 kwisisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate. Ngokunye, ungakwenza lokhu kwisisombululo se-2-3% se-hydrogen peroxide, eshisayo ekushiseni kwama-40-45 degrees. Udinga ukubamba ukwaziswa okukuyo ngamaminithi angu-7-8.
  • "Vuka" izithombo ezizayo. Zonke izitshalo zinendlela yokuzivikela ezivimbela ukuba zingahluma ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuvikelwa okunjalo "kuvaliwe" ngokulawulwa okulula: sigcina imbewu emanzini esikhwameni (ukushisa kancane kunekamelo lokushisa) amahora angu-12. Amanzi ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele abe ngu-20-25% ngaphansi kwenani lembewu.
Kubalulekile! Amanzi kufanele ashintshwe njalo amahora angu-4-5 futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi asuse imbewu esikhwameni ukuze agweme indlala yomoya-mpilo.
  • Yondla imbewu. Ngosuku olulandelayo ngaphambi kokuphuma, kuyanconywa ukuba ugcine isisombululo somsoco usuku. Kungase kusekelwe kokubili okuthengwe amalungiselelo okulungiswa, kanye namakhambi omuntu (ijusi lamazambane noma i-aloe). Ngemuva - owomile ngaphandle kokugeza.

Uhlelo lokuhlwanyela

Lapho inhlabathi nembewu ilungile, khetha isitsha esilula bese uveza ukuhlwanyela. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ukuqina komhlabathi ebhokisini kufinyelele ku-4-5 cm. Kunconywa ukuthi uphume ngokuvumelana ne-scheme 3 ngo-1.5 cm no-1 cm ubude. Khumbula ukuthi ukutshala okujulile kungabangela ukuba ihlumela life.

Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo

"UFransi utshani" buhlume ngaphansi kwefilimu, futhi ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela akudingeki. Nokho uma unesikhathi samahhala, ungahlala uzinikezela izithombo:

  • Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokushesha utamatisi udinga ilanga. Uma isimo sezulu singathinti, khona-ke ungakwazi ukufaka izibane zamandla kagesi ngamahora angu-14 kuya kwangu-16 ngosuku. Ungakhohlwa ukukhulisa isibani ngokuhambisana nokukhula kwezithombo.
  • Ukunisela kwenziwa ngamaphesenti amancane, amancane afana nokupuniza nge-spray gun.
  • Lapho kuqala amaqabunga okuqala, sekuyisikhathi sokukhetha. Ezinhlobonhlobo ezinquma, lo mzuzu uvame ukufika inyanga nengxenye ngemva kokuhlwanyela. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuqoqa, asikhohlwa ukuphuza isitshalo, siphonsa i-capsule 1 ye-superphosphate emthonjeni bese ukufakelwa izitshalo ezakhiwe kuphela ngaphandle kwezibonakaliso ze-deformation.

Izici agrotehnika

Ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile kwenzeka ngosuku lwama-55-70. Isikhathi esiqondile sincike ezimweni zesimo sezulu, isikhathi se-frosts okungazelelwe kufanele sishiywe ngemuva. Ngokuvamile, ukutshala kwenziwa ekamelweni lokushisa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kodwa emhlabathini ovulekile - ekuqaleni kukaJune.

Izithombo zibekwe esiqhingini ngesilinganiso se-2 sezihlahla nge-1 sq. M., ngakho-ke kukhona isikhala esanele esihlahleni esikhulile esinezithelo. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, "umquba wesiFulentshi" awudingi isidleke, okukhudlwana esihlahleni, isivuno esiningi sizosihlinzeka. I-garter iyimpoqo, ngoba ama-stalks avame ukuphuka ngaphansi kwesisindo se-brushes ecebile. Ngakho-ke, emva kokufakelwa kokufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile, izitshalo ezincane ziboshwe ngokushesha ku-trellis noma izigxobo.

Ukunisela

Uthando lwamatamatisi ukuchelela okungapheli kodwa okunethezeka, cishe kanye noma kabili ngeviki kuye ngokuthi izimo zezulu ziyini. Umhlabathi omuhle kakhulu ubasiza ukuba bakhuthazelele ukushisa kosuku. Kungcono ukukhiqiza ukuphuza kusihlwa, ukuze izimpande zibe nesikhathi sokubamba umswakama ophilisa ukuphila.

Uma izitshalo zithola kancane emanzini adingekayo, amaqabunga azoqala ukunyamalala futhi aphele, ngakho-ke uzobona ngokushesha ukuthi kufanele ukwandise ivolumu. Ngokwesilinganiso, kukholelwa ukuthi cishe amalitha amahlanu kagesi kufanele ahambe esiqhingini esisodwa, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu ngesikhathi se-ovary.

Yiqiniso, kuhle ukuba izitshalo zithole amanzi ashona. Ngokuphathelene nokubhebheza amapayipi, kufanele kuvikelwe isikhathi esithile sokunciphisa, ngaphandle kwalokho kuthinta kakhulu ibhalansi ye-asidi yenhlabathi futhi yonakalise izitshalo. Ungafaka ukhula noma umquba embizeni yamanzi - azosiza ukunciphisa ukuqina.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthambisa utamatisi - ukuvuza noma komhlaba. I-Hose yokunisela ingalimaza uhlelo lwempande yehlathi, futhi amanzi emaqabunga aphethwe umonakalo elangeni noma ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlamvu ezilimazayo.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ngaphezu kokunisela, ukudla kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokuba "IsiGrabra Grape" Kunconywa ukukwenza ngezigaba ezintathu:

  • Ngesikhathi sokutshala, engeza emithonjeni isisombululo se-nitroammofoski ku-1 tbsp. l i-powder kuya ku-10 amalitha amanzi. Uma kunokwenzeka, ama-4 amalitha amanzi kufanele athululelwe emgodini owodwa.
  • Ukuthuthukisa ukukhula. Ukondla okwesibili kwenziwa cishe cishe ngosuku lwesi-21 ngemuva kokufika emhlabathini futhi kuhlanganisa nezixazululo ze-potassium nitrate ne-superphosphate, ohlukanisile ngokulandela imiyalelo.
  • Esikhathini sokuhamba kwezimbali kanye nokuvela kwezithelo. Kulesi sigaba, izihlahla zondla ukumnika kwe-mullein, okungeziwe ku-1 tbsp. l urea ne-superphosphate kuya ku-1 l.

Ukunciphisa, ukusika, ukukhulula

Inhloso yokuxubha i-humidity, i-mulch igcina amanzi, ipholisa ukukhuphuka kwayo.

Uyazi? Utamatisi aqukethe i-serotonin, i-hormone yenjabulo, ngakho-ke, iyakwazi ukuphakamisa imizwelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezindawo eziningana ezengeziwe kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izinto ezikhiqizwayo:

  • Ukuxubha ngezinsimu. Indlela ephumelelayo eyondla utamatisi nge nitrogen nezinye izinto eziwusizo. Ukuze uthole umquba, utshani lisetshenziselwa utshani, ukhula, kodwa kumele lume ngaphambi kwesikhashana, ngaphandle kwalokho utshani obunqunywe ngokushesha bungase bubole endaweni yemanzi yamatamatisi.
  • I-mulching yohlobo. Ibonisa imisebe yelanga, ayivumeli ama-bacterium enhlabathini ukuba axhumane nezithelo, futhi avikele izihlahla ezivela e-anthracnose kanye nokubola kokuqala.
  • Umquba womquba. Le ndlela - 2 ngo-1, i-mulching ne-dressing ephezulu. Umquba wekhwalithi uhlanganisa imfucuza ekhishini, ukhula lonyaka odlule nezinye izinto eziphilayo.

Kubalulekile! Njenge-mulch for utamatisi akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa amagxolo ezihlahla ze-coniferous, ngoba izinto ezinokuzwakalisa ekubunjweni kwazo zilimaza izithelo.
Ukukhululeka kungenziwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngangokunokwenzeka - kanye noma kabili ngesonto, kuye ngezimo zezulu, ukuze kugcwaliswe inhlabathi nge-oxygen. Ukuhluma kwenziwa ngendlela edingekayo ukuze ukhula lungaphazamisi ukukhula kwehlathi.

Zombili izinqubo kufanele zenziwe ngokucophelela, eduze kwesitshalo, kodwa hhayi ezijulile: ngaphandle kwalokho kukhona ingozi yokulimaza uhlelo lwempande.

Izinambuzane nezifo

"Umquba wesiFulentshi" - ukuphikisana okuhlukahlukene kwezifo. Ngakho wahlala njalo Kufanele ulandele imithetho elula:

  • Uma utamatisi ukhula endaweni yokushisa, umoya emva kokuphuza.
  • Qoqa izithelo ezivuthiwe ngendlela efike ngesikhathi.
  • Susa amaqabunga aphansi emahlathini.
  • Njalo ukucubungula lesi sitshalo ngezixazululo ezilwa ne-fungal, anti-inflammatory.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithinteka ngesifo esijwayelekile samatamatisi - ukulimaza. Isizathu sokubukeka kwayo ukuphuza ngokweqile kanye nezinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni, futhi kuthinta iziqu, amaqabunga nezithelo. Ukuyivimbela, sebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela ngenhla, ikakhulukazi eduze kokuwa, lapho ukushisa kushisa phakathi nosuku nokushisa okukhulu ebusuku.

Ukuvuna nokugcina isivuno

Isigaba esimnandi kunayo yonke inqubo yokutshala utamatisi, ngoba imiphumela yezinyanga eziningi zomsebenzi ekugcineni ibonakala. Ukuvuthwa emhlabathini ovulekile kwenzeka phakathi no-Agasti, futhi kungase kubambezeleke kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekwindla, kuye ngokuthi izimo zezulu ziyini. Kunemithetho embalwa elula eyenza ukuvuna kusetshenziswe futhi kucebile ngangokunokwenzeka:

  • Qoqa izithelo ezingaqala ukugcwalisa umbala. Ngezinsuku ezingu-10-15, zizofika ngomoya ophansi ngesimo esifisa ngaphansi kwelanga, futhi isihlahla sizothumela amandla agciniwe ekuhlaleni isizukulwane esilandelayo.
  • Awukwazi ukujikijela, uphonsa futhi uxoke utamatisi, awonakele kalula, futhi utamatisi owodwa owonakele uba imbangela yomonakalo ebhokisini lonke.
  • Kungcono ukususa izithelo zokugcina ngaphambi kokuba izinga lokushisa ebusuku lihlasele kuma-degree ayisishiyagalombili, kungenjalo kukhona ingozi yokuzilimaza.
  • Isikhathi esihle sokuvuna sisisasa, lapho utamatisi unwebeka futhi kakade ngaphandle kwamazolo.
Uyazi? I-100 g yamatamatisi ayinawo ama-kilocalories angaphezu kwangu-22, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukululama kusuka utamatisi.

Ngokuqondene nokugcinwa, akusilo ohlangothini olunamandla kakhulu utamatisi. Ukuze silondoloze isimo sabo esidliwayo, kunezimo ezithile ezikhethekile ezidingekayo, isitoreji, nakuba emva kokugcina isitamatisi isitoreji eside singalahlekelwa amandla abo okulwa namagciwane we-pathogenic.

Uma usufuna ukujabulela imifino esheshayo isikhathi eside, zama ukuwagcina ngokucophelela emabhokisini ekushiseni kwama-degrees angaba ngu-20 ekamelweni elomile, elincane. Ungaphazamisi izitshalo ezishintshayo ezomile ukuze ulondolozwe.

"Umquba waseFrance" - indlela enhle yokuqala ukusebenza noTamatisi, akunakwenzeka ukwenza iphutha noma ukulahlekelwa emzabalazweni wokuvuna. Kwanele ukuchitha isikhathi esithile ezitshalweni, bese umane ulawule inqubo yokukhula futhi ufeze iqoqo elivuthiwe lezithelo ezivuthiwe.

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