Ezweni labalimi ukutshala i-viola kuthandwa kakhulu. Kunenhlobo enkulu yezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo ze-viola, ezaziwa kangcono ngabantu njenge-floores.
Ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwale mibala emihle ngenxa yobuhle babo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zembala namajamo. Izimbali ze-Viola zijabulela isikhathi eside sokutshala ngokutshala kahle kahle nokunakekelwa okwalandela - kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile.
Uyazi? I-Viola yaziwa isikhathi eside kakhulu - iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili nengxenye. Ngaleso sikhathi, abantu baseYurophu basebenzisa lezi zimbali ngenjongo yokuhlobisa ngesikhathi samaholide.
Lapho ukutshala khona i-viola, indawo yokukhetha imbali
U-Viola ungowomndeni wakwaVilet, ngakho-ke ubizwa nangokuthi i-violet engadini. Lesi sitshalo sonyaka owodwa, iminyaka emibili, futhi isikhathi eside. Kuye ngezihlobo zezimbali ukutshala i-viola nokutshala kungenziwa ngisho nasemapulini, ukuhlinzeka ngendlela efanele.
Emkhakheni ovulekile, i-flowerbed eliphezulu ingaba yindawo ekahle ye-viola, ngoba ihlangabezana nesidingo sesitshalo somswakama nokukhanya.
Luhlobo luni lokukhanyisa nokushisa okwenziwe yi-viola?
Lezi zimbali zikhula kahle endaweni epholile, kodwa nazo zidinga ukukhanya okuningi. Ngakho-ke, izindawo ezinezindawo ezinomthunzi kancane ziyoba yisinqumo esifanele sokutshala i-viola nokunakekelwa okwengeziwe emkhakheni ovulekile.
Isibonelo, ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezincane ezingavali amaqabunga ayingxenye enkulu yokukhanyisa, kodwa zizowavikela emthonjeni omile wemisebe eqondile yelanga. Ekhaya, ibhaluni elifanele entshonalanga noma empumalanga.
Uma kukhona ukukhanya okuncane kwe-viola, khona-ke izimbali ngeke zikhule kakhulu, futhi izimbali ngokwazo ziyoba zincane futhi zingabonakali.
Kufanele kube inhlabathi yokutshala
Inhlabathi engcono kunazo zonke ze-floores iyinhlabathi e-loamy, evundile futhi enomanzi.
Kubalulekile! Ukuqhuma kwesisu kunobungozi ku-viola, ngoba kubangela ukubola kwezimpande.
Inhlabathi yokutshala idinga ukucwiliswa nokulima. Ama-humus amasha angeke asetshenziswe njengomanyolo, ngakho-ke i-superphosphate noma i-ammonium nitrate iyoba efanelekile.Futhi, i-peat iyilungele i-viola njenge-primer, njengoba igcina ukushisa, umswakama awuhlali kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-peat iqukethe izakhi ezidingekayo ukuze i-viola, ngakho-ke abalimi bavame ukusebenzisa amaphilisi e-peat okutshala ukutshala.
Indlela yokutshala phansies
Ngokuvamile, i-viola yokutshala yenziwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli noMeyi, njengoba lesi sitshalo sithanda ukupholisa. Ukulinganisa kwenhlabathi kungcono ukukhetha okulandelayo:
- umhlaba we-sod - izingxenye ezimbili;
- peat - izingxenye ezimbili;
- humus - izingxenye ezimbili;
- isanti - ingxenye engu-1.
Kulula kakhulu ukulandela imithetho eyisisekelo yokutshala izimbali ze-viola endaweni evulekile nendlela yokufeza ukunakekelwa okulandelayo.
Ngezimbewu, imithombo isilungisiwe (ibanga eliphakathi kwabo lingu-10-15 cm), izimbali zibekwa lapho, khona-ke zifafazwe ngomhlaba, kancane kancane zizungeze inhlabathi, futhi ukuchelela kuyenziwa.
Kungcono ukutshala izinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuhlukana komunye nomunye, ngoba lesi sitshalo siwela impova.
Uyazi? Owokuqala owethulwa kulo mkhuba kwakuyi-violet ephunga elimnandi, bese - i-violet yentaba. Ama-hybrids wokuqala ama-violets ayengabalimi ngo-1683.
Imithetho Yokunakekela i-Viola
Ngokuvamile abalimi bacabanga ukuthi bangaba kanjani ukuhlukumeza okuhle nokunempilo. Ngalokhu udinga ukususa njalo izimbali ezifakiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhulisa izimbali ze-floores kuzosiza ukuhlanganisa izimpande zesitshalo eshisayo. Qinisekisa ukuthi ususe futhi amabhokisi ambewu avuthiwe.
Uma i-viola ikhula kakhulu, kungabalwa amahlumela amasha, khona-ke ungakwazi usike lesi sitshalo, ngenkathi ushiya ubude bezinhlamvu ezingaba ngu-10 cm. Ngemuva kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuwapha futhi ukondle i-viola kakhulu, okuzokwenza ukuba sikhule masinyane amahlumela abasha futhi ikhule ngamandla amasha.
Kubalulekile! Ukugcina i-viola ebusika, ihlanganiswe namagatsha ase-sawdust noma amagatsha ase-spruce.
Indlela yokuphuza i-bottomes
Ngokuvamile ekushiseni kombangela wokomisa ezimpandeni ukusondela kwabo emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, ukuphuza ama-violets engadini kumele kwenziwe njalo, kodwa hhayi ngokukhululekile, ukuze izimpande zingavali. Ngokuqondile - izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto, futhi ekushiseni kungenzeka ukuphuza ukuhlukunyezwa nsuku zonke.
Umanyolo nezimbali ezifaka umquba
Ukondla i-Viola kufanele kwenziwe kanye ngenyanga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-superphosphate noma i-ammonium nitrate ngamaphesenti angu-25-30 kuya kwemitha ngayinye. Kukhona futhi umanyolo oyingqayizivele, obunomqondo we-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen, izakhi zokulandelela. Amafomulisi anjalo athengiswa ezitolo futhi asetshenziselwa ngokwemiyalelo.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Izimbali zisebenza ngokungathobeki, kepha ngesikhathi sokulima kufanele kugcinwe endaweni ethile yomhlabathi. Njengoba izimpande zingekho kude - ngokujula kwamaphesenti angu-15-20 kuphela, sidinga ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi futhi sikhulule inhlabathi ukuze ifinyelele izimpande. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukususa ukhula ngesikhathi esivela kusayithi lapho i-viola ikhula khona.
Izindlela Zokukhiqiza Viola
Uma ufuna ukuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo isitshalo esisha se-viola ngezimbali ezinhle, ngokukhula kufanelekile ukukhetha indlela efanelekayo futhi efanelekayo ngamakhono akho. Phakathi kwabo, ukukhiqiza imbewu, ukusika phansi, kanye nokukhiqiza ngokubeka.
Uyazi? Ama-pansies ahlukaniswe abe ama-large-flowered (ububanzi bembali kulezi zinhlobonhlobo ngu-10 cm), nezinhlobo eziningi-ezinwabuzelayo - izinhlobo ezinezimbali ezincane ezine-6 cm.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Ungakhula imbewu ye-viola. Ukuhlwanyela kwenzeka ngamagama amaningana, kuye ngokuthi ufuna nini ukuphuma.
Ukuhlwanyela phansies ngoJanuwari-Febhuwari, uzobona izimbali zokuqala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zefulethini kunzima ukuthola izithombo ezinhle, njengoba imbewu ehlwanyelwe idinga ukuphola nokukhanya okuningi.
Uma uhlwanyela imbewu ye-viola ngoMashi, izimbali zizoqala ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi-Agasti. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kokubili izitshalo kanye nezinye izitshalo zizokwenza izimbali zihlinzeke kahle.
Uma ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa ehlobo, izimbali zizovela ngonyaka ozayo entwasahlobo. Kodwa-ke, ehlobo, ungakwazi ukuhlwanyela ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile, ngokweqile ukutshala izithombo ekhaya.
Kukhona imithetho jikelele yokutshala imbewu ye-viola:
- Imbewu ithululelwa enhlabathini enomswakama, ifafazwe kancane ngomhlaba phezulu.
- Ukushisa lapho izithombo kufanele zibe yi-15-20 ° C. Kubalulekile ukugcina umswakama obanele njalo.
- Izithombo kufanele zibe endaweni emnyama kuze kuvele amahlumela.
- Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-14, imbewu izohluma, bese udinga ukuhlinzeka ngokukhanyisa kahle, futhi unciphise izinga lokushisa ku-10 ° C.
- Ngemuva kwamasonto angu 2-3 kufanele udonsa izithombo.
Uyazi? Izinhlobo eziningi ze-viola zenza ukuzihlwanyela kwamabhokisi ezinhlamvu ezivuthiwe.
Ukukhiqizwa yi-cuttings
I cuttings of floores kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo ngezigaba eziningana:
- unqunywe kusukela phezulu emahlumela aluhlaza, okumele kube ama-2-3 ama-node;
- watshala lezi zitshalo endaweni emthunzini kuya ku-0.5 cm ejulile. Kufanele abe eseduze komunye nomunye;
- cuttings ngobuningi wanisela, siphothiwe.
Ukuqothulwa komzimba kwenzeka ngenyanga. Kusukela esihlahleni esisodwa ungathatha cishe ama-cuttings angu-10 ngesikhathi. Uma usakaza i-viola nge-cuttings uthatha isinqumo eduze kwasekwindla, izimbali zizovela ngaphambi konyaka ozayo entwasahlobo. Uma entwasahlobo, khona-ke phansies kuyaqhakaza ngasekupheleni kwehlobo.Iphuzu eliyinhloko lale ndlela yokukhiqiza ukuvuselelwa kwesihlahla kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimbali ngenxa yalokho.
Ukukhiqizwa ngokubeka
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-bottomes zakha amahlumela amakhulu. Ngo-September, bangafafazwa ngobumnene ngomhlaba, futhi ekupheleni kwekwindla bazothatha izimpande.
Ngentwasahlobo, lezi zingxenye zingafakwa endaweni entsha, futhi uma zithole amandla anele, izimbali zizoqala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze izici zezinhlobonhlobo, ezithwala izici zokhuni lomama.
Izinhlobo ezithile zizikhandla, kanti ezinye zingaba priteen encane ukwenza amahlumela aqhubeke.
I-Viola isitshalo inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-400. Kukhona ama-viola angama-monophonic, amabala, aqoshiwe, anezimpande ze-wavy, i-terry. Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo, imibala kanye namafomu, inqwaba nobude bezimbali zikhomba ukuthandwa nokusabalaliswa kabanzi kwalezi zitshalo ezinhle.
