Ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia, imifino nemifino zikhule kahle ekushiseni okushisa.
Utamatisi, upelepele, ama-eggplant namakhukhamba izithelo ezinhle kakhulu, uma zakha i-microclimate ekhululekile.
I-greenhouse evela emgqeni wesihlahla esiphezulu iyafaneleka kulezi zinhloso.
Kungani kubhuni?
Kunezakhiwo zokhuni izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile futhi, ikakhulukazi:
- izindleko eziphansi - Amasipha alezi zinto, ezenziwe ngezandla zakho, eshibhile kunesimo esenziwe ngokulungele iphrofayli ehambelanisiwe;
- ukuqina - umklamo ukhonza okungenani iminyaka engu-5-7, futhi ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele izikhathi ezintathu;
- ubungane bemvelo - izinkuni zithinta i-microclimate ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse futhi azikhipha izinto ezilimazayo emkhathini.
Yini okufanele uyihlanganise?
Asizange sikhulume lokho izinkuni zohlaka lwezinkuni njengokwethenjelwa nokuzinza, okungukuthi ikhono lokumelana nanoma yikuphi ukugqoka, kusuka ku-agrofilm elula ukuya engilazini enzima kakhulu.
Kunezinketho eziningi ezihlukene zokugubha izithombo zokugcina ngesisekelo sohlaka lwokhuni.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwezokukhangisa lunezinzuzo zalo nocansi, sizogxila kubo ngokuningiliziwe.
Ifilimu ye-polyethylene
Izinzuzo:
- ukutholakala - umkhiqizo ungatholakala kunoma imuphi imakethe nasitolo sezinto zokwakha;
- izindleko eziphansi.
Umthengi:
- ukusetshenziswa kwesikhashana;
- ukungabi khona ngokwanele kokukhanya kwelanga;
- Amandla aphansi (aphule ngokushesha);
- ukusebenza okungekho emthethweni kokusebenza.
I-Glass
Izinzuzo:
- ukucaca okuhle kakhulu;
- ukumelana nezinguquko ezisheshayo ekushiseni;
- ukuguqulwa okuhle okushisa;
- ukumelana nemidiya enobudlova;
- lula ukunakekelwa.
Umthengi:
- inselele ethile yenqubo yokugaya;
- isisindo esibalulekile futhi, ngokufanele, izidingo ezikhudlwana kuhlaka;
- ukwehluleka nokungabi namandla phambi kwemimoya eqinile nesichotho;
- ukuvikelwa okwanele emisebeni ye-UF.
I-Polycarbonate
Izinzuzo:
- ukukhanya;
- amandla;
- ikhono lokudlulisela ku-80% wemisebe yelanga;
- ukuhlukahluka (kungahle kugoqwe futhi kugcwawe amafreyimu nganoma yisiphi isimo).
Umthengi:
- ukufakwa okulukhuni;
- esishisayo kushisa kakhulu;
- I-polycarbonate esezingeni eliphansi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-1-1.5 yokusebenza iba yi-brittle, njengeglasi.
KUBALULEKILE! Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokumboza kuncike esifundeni sokuhlala, izinhlobo zemifino ekhulile, okuthandwa ngumnikazi nesabelomali sakhe.
Ukukhetha izinkuni
Esifundweni esiseduze sokubaza ungathenga ibha lezinkuni ekwakheni ifreyimu yokushisa.
Kungcono uma ethanda izinkuni zezimboniIsibonelo, i-pin noma i-larch.
Izinkuni ezibiza kakhulu (i-oak, beech) zinzima ekusetshenzisweni, ziyabiza, futhi azisebenzi kangcono kunama-coniferous.
Ngisho izinkuni ezishibhile zingalinganiswa nezici zayo kuya ekahle, uma zikhethiwe kahle futhi zilungisiwe.
Imigomo yokukhethwa kwezinhlaka:
- ukungabikho kwemifantu, ama-chips, amafindo amakhulu, kanye nezimpawu zokubola;
- izinkomba zomswakama azikho ngaphezu kuka-22%;
- i-geometry ephelele (ibha kufanele ibe flat futhi iqonde).
Ekugcineni lezi zidingo uhlaka lwesibamba sokushisa luzoqina lube luqinile futhi luzinze ngokumelene nokuhlukahluka kwamazinga okushisa. I-Beam ye-base kufanele ibe nobukhulu be-100 x 100 mm; for racks 50 x 50 mm.
KUBALULEKILE! zonke izici zokhuni zendawo yokushisa kufanele zicutswe ngokucophelela, ziphathwe ngenhlanganisela yokulwa nesifo sofuba ukuze kugweme ukubola nokubonakala kwezinambuzane. Ngaphambi kokuqoqa ifreyimu, ingaba ne-linseed, ukuze ibonakale ihle. Kulungile, kuyisifiso sokupenda isakhiwo esiphelile sokhuni.
Ukukhetha indawo
Enye yemibuzo esemqoka abalimi abayifunayo - lapho ngokuqondile ukuthola indawo yokushisa. Inketho engcono kakhulu yindawo engavunyelwe, esendaweni eqondile kusuka ezakhiweni zasemadolobheni kanye nezihlahla ezinkulu. Ngamanye amazwi, akunakwenzeka ukuvumela isithunzi ukuba siwele esakhiweni ngisho nehora elilodwa ngosuku, ngoba lokhu kuzosithinta kakhulu isivuno semifino.
KUBALULEKILE! umnyango kufanele utholakale ohlangothini lwe-leeward (hhayi enyakatho hhayi kulowo umoya uvame ukukushaya khona).
Usayizi wokushisa
Sekuyisikhathi sokunquma ukuthi sizokwakha. Ngakho-ke, kuyoba yindawo yokushisa emelayo enezilinganiso ezilandelayo:
- ubukhulu ngokwe-2 x 5.4 m; ubude bodonga - 1.5 m;
- uphuzu ophahleni, u-2;
- tape isisekelo, iqiniswe;
- ukugqoka ifilimu.
Idizayini ibalwa ukuze kusetshenziswe ngenkathi efudumele. Amasayizi akhethiwe ngokusekelwe ebubanzi be-sleeve yefilimu ye-polyethylene - 3m. Uma uhlanganisa uhlaka oluqediwe, ifilimu akudingeki ihlulwe futhi ihlelwe.
Idivayisi yesisekelo
Umbuzo: kanjani ukwakha i-greenhouse ngezandla zakho ngokhuni? akulula kangaka. Kudingekile ukuxazulula imisebenzi eminingi ephakathi - kusukela endaweni yokushisa okubamba ukushisa kuya ekukhethweni kwezinto zokuhlanganisa.
Yisiphi isisekelo sokukhetha, ukhonkolo noma izitini, ehlelwe ngendlela yekholomu, wonke umuntu uyazikhethela yena.
Esimweni sethu, lokhu kuyisisekelo se-monolithic strip.
Umsele omncane ongama-55-60 cm ngokujula ugugu ngaphansi kwawo, eduze kwesakhiwo sesikhathi esizayo, lapho kukhonjiswa khona ukhonkolo M 200 noma 250.
Ukusebenzisa ifomu, kufanele uphakamise itheyipu ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi kuya ekuphakameni kwama-25-30 cm.
Isisekelo kungaba futhi kufanele iqiniswe ukwandisa izici zayo zamandla nokuvikelwa ekucwileni. Kufanele futhi unakekele ukungena kwamanzi, ukuze kamuva ukwakhiwa kungasetshenziselwa uhlaka lwokhuni kuphela, kodwa futhi, ngokwesibonelo, ngesakhiwo sensimbi kanye nokugqoka kwe-polycarbonate.
Ukushisa okushisa okwenziwe ngokhuni kwenze ngokwakho
Izinkuni yindabuko yemvelo eRussia, kanye nekhono lokusebenza nayo egazini lamadoda ethu. Ngakho-ke, izinkinga ekwenzeni ifreyimu kufanele zivele. Nakhu okumele kubonakale kufana nalokhu:
Isikimu sohlaka
Izithombe zakha ukwakhiwa kwesibamba sokushisa okwenziwe ngamapulangwe ezivela ebhasini ngezandla zabo zivela kamuva kulesi sihloko.
(Isk. 1 Isikimu sohlaka lwe-greenhouse of wood)
Umklamo unomumo we-trapezoidal (ukuqaliswa okuvame kakhulu nokulula kwefomu le-arch). Qaphela: emfanekisweni we-greenhouse kunezinhlangothi ezimbili, omunye umnyango ongena kuwo uzofakwa kamuva. Kuze kube sekugcineni, ibhodi eliphezulu lodonga lokugcina lizonqunywa. Nansi ukuthi ifreyimu ibonakala kanjani lapho ihlangene e-dacha:
Ukwakhiwa kwe-greenhouse kusayithi
(Umdwebo 1a Ukwakha i-greenhouse esakhiweni)
Isinyathelo soku-1: Ukugcizelela isigxobo sezintambo esisekelweni
Ngaphambi kokuba imigoqo eqondile ifakwe kwisisekelo njengesisekelo sohlaka, sincoma ukubeka unogwaja ngaphansi kwesibamba sokushisa esizayo esetheni elihle lokuvikela ama-moles nezinye izinduku. Igundane elincane lingenza intukuthelo enkulu futhi isabise wena ngokubonakala kwayo kungazelelwe. Amagama ambalwa mayelana nebheja lokuthwala - kufanele libe lincane kakhulu kunalolu phiko ngokwalo oluzokwenziwa. Udinga futhi ukulungisa ngaphambi kokusungula ama-antiseptic. Ukuyibeka kwisisekelo kwenziwa ngezingalo zensimbi (zifakwe esiteji sokugcwalisa), izikhonkwane ze-anchor, nokufakwa.
KUBALULEKILE! isisekelo kumele senziwe ngamapulangwe aqinile, hhayi okwakunezingxenye ezixhunyiwe komunye nomunye. Kulokhu kuncike ekuqineni kweklamo yesikhathi esizayo.
Isinyathelo 2: Ukwenza udonga
Ngemuva kokuba isisekelo sokhuni sihlanganiswe nesisekelo, qhubeka emhlanganweni wefreyimu bese uqala ukwakha udonga. Lena inqubo enzima kakhulu.ikakhulu kulabo abakwenza okokuqala. Kodwa-ke, uma le ndaba iphezulu yezinga eliphezulu futhi izilinganiso zinembile, ukufakwa kulula.
Ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kokushisa okushisa
(Umdwebo 2 Udonga lwe-greenhouse oluhlangene)
Isibalo phambi kwakho ngumdwebo womhlangano wangaphakathi odongeni (ubukhulu buka 5.4 x 1.5 m). Njengoba ungabona, ukukhethwa kwemikhawulo kukhethiwe. Nabo akuyona nje elula kakhulu, kepha futhi futhi ephephile, njengoba banda ukuqina kohlaka oluqediwe ukuze kube nemithwalo yemimoya. Ukuze ulungise izindonga kwezinye izakhi zezingqimba (ama-rafters, ama-vents, ama-lail aphansi), izikrini zokuzibamba, iphrofayili yensimbi, ikhoneni, izikhalazo kuzodingeka. Inombolo yezindonga ezinemingcele engenhla yilezi ezimbili.
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Faka isimiso se-rafter
Ekukhiqizeni uhlelo lwe-truss alukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwemithombo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayodinga okungaphezu kwezindonga. Noma kunjalo, kufanele uzame ukwenza konke ukuze iplanethi ephahleni iphinde ibe yindlala futhi umoya ongobucwebe befilimu uyinto encane kunazo zonke.
Manje sinquma ukuthi ubude bomlenze wezinyawo. Uma abantu bokuphakama okuphakathi bezosebenzisa i-greenhouse, ubude bayo kufanele bube ngu-1.27 m. Uma ubude, ukwandisa ubude bomlenze wokugubha ube yi-1.35 cm.
Izinombolo ezinjalo ngqo kanye Imingcele eqinile ingamangalisa. Eqinisweni, konke kulula: ububanzi be-sleeve yefilimu ye-polyethylene buyi-3 m, okungu-6 m kwifomu eveziwe. Ngakho-ke, inani lemikhumbi emibili ye-truss kanye nama-rack amabili kufanele abe ngu-5.8 m. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukukwenza ngefilimu yokumboza engu-6 x 6 m, ngaphandle kwezinsalela nokuchitha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwama-pair of rafters ikhoneni lezinkuni (fastener) futhi i-bolt ifakiwe. Inombolo yezigqoko zihambelana nenombolo yama-racks. Yile ndlela indlela umbhangqwana obukeka ngayo ufana ngayo:
Ama-Rafters
(Umdwebo 3 ama-Rafters)
Isinyathelo 4: Faka amabhodi we-skate kanye namoya
I-rafter system ibhekwa njengephelele futhi ithola amandla anikeziwe kuphela emva kokufakwa kwamabhodi omoya nophahla lwephahla. Bahlanganiswe ekugcineni futhi kufanele kwenziwe ngamapulangwe aqinile (kanye nemigoqo ngaphansi kwesakhiwo). Emfanekisweni ongezansi, lawa mabhodi amathathu agcizelelwe ngobunzima:
Ukuqinisa amabhodi omoya owenziwe ngezinto eziqinile
(Umdwebo 4 Ukuphoqa amabhodi omoya ovela ezintweni eziqinile)
KUBALULEKILE! Amapulangwe namapulangwe omoya akudingeki ukuthi abekwe kahle ngendlela efanele, kodwa futhi kufanele asetshenziswe kahle (ukuthinta kanye nesihlabathi) ukuze ifilimu yeplastiki ephambene ingabhidli phezu kwendawo engalungile.
Isinyathelo sesi-5: I-Door ne-Vane Installation
Njengoba izinga lokushisa lethu elincane, lilinganiselwa ku-5.4m ubude, umnyango owodwa wokungena (ekupheleni) kanye neqabunga elilodwa lewindi (ekuhambeni okufanayo noma okuphambene nalokho) lanele.
Umnyango
(Isitho 5 Isango newindi lewindi)
Ungabona ukwakhiwa okuningiliziwe futhi okuqinile kwe-greenhouse ebhodini lezinkuni kule vidiyo:
Ungalokothi ukhulume ngenye inzuzo yesikhwama sezinkuni nesistimu yezintambo ophahleni. Idizayini ikuvumela ukuba ungachithi isikhathi nemali ekukhiqizeni ama-tapestries, futhi ubophe izitshalo ngokuqondile ezigodini.
Ngaphandle kokushisa okushisa kunzima ukuthola isivuno esihle imifino ethisa ukushisa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ekuthengiseni namuhla ungathola ukukhetha okucebile okwenziwe okwenziwe ngezithombo zokugcina zokugcina izithombo kanye nama-hotbeds, inzalo ekwakheni izandla zayo ikhula unyaka nonyaka.
