I-Rudbeckia iyisitshalo saminyaka yonke noma sonyaka sivela emndenini wakwa-Aster. Ungowokuzalwa eNyakatho Melika. Izimbali ezinjenge-Daisy-ahlukaniswa zi-petals eziphuzi kanye nomgogodla ovuthiwe we-convex. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo, i-rudbeckia iyisimenywa esivunyiwe engadini. Iqhakaza kakhulu futhi ngokuqhubekayo, iguqula ingadi yezimbali ibe ichibi legolide. IRudbekia idume ngokubizwa nge- "Hat hat" noma "Suzanne onamehlo amnyama." URudbeckia akadingi ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile. Le mbali eqinile izothokozisa abanikazi endaweni eyodwa kuze kube iminyaka emihlanu.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Rudbeckia isitshalo esiqhakaza izimbali. Isiqu esiqondile singenawo amandla futhi simbozwe nge-villi emfushane, eqinile. Ubude bawo bungamasentimitha angama-50-200. Amaqabunga aphelele noma ahlakazekile ahlangene anamaqabunga amaqabunga e-ovval noma ama-ovate ubude obungu-5-25 cm. Amahlamvu aphansi akhula kuma-petioles amade, kanti angenhla ahlala ngokuqinile esiqwini. Amacembe aphambene. Phezu kwamaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama impumuzo ebonakalayo yemithambo emide.
NgoJulayi, phezulu kwesiqu sikhuphuka bese siphenduka abe yi-peduncle. Kubhasikidi kubhasikidi we-inflorescence. Ngasemaphethelweni kukhona izimbali zomhlanga ezingalawuleki. Amacembe aguqe phansi aphenduka aphuzi, owolintshi, kwesinye isikhathi abomvu. Umgogodla ovuthayo uqukethe izimbali ezinama-tubular bisexual. Adwetshwe ngombala onsundu, acishe abe mnyama. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, ububanzi bebhasikidi buyi-3-15 cm. Ukushintshana ngakunye, izimbali zihlala ezihlahleni kuze kube yiqhwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, iphunga elimnandi le-tart lisakazeka phezu kwesihlahla sezimbali. Iheha izinyosi, izimvemvane nezinye izinambuzane ezizuzisayo. Ngemuva kokuvota, amabhokisi we-polyspermous oyindilinga, kwesinye isikhathi anomqhele, ovuthiwe. Inezinhlamvu eziphakeme, ezinemibala enombala onsundu.
Izinhlobo ze-rudbeckia
Kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-40 kuhlobo lwe-Rudbeckia. Zonke zihlobisa futhi zifana kakhulu. Abalimi bahlukanisa izinhlobo zemvelo ngomjikelezo wempilo. Ngakho-ke, i-rudbeckia yonyaka imelelwa izinhlobo ezilandelayo.
I-Rudbeckia enoboya (i-shaggy). Lesi sitshalo siphila iminyaka engaphezulu kwemibili futhi sisatshalaliswa yimbewu. Amahlumela alula noma ahlutshiwe afinyelela ku-1 m ukuphakeme ambozwe ngamaqabunga ama-ovoid noma ama-wide-lanceolate. On amahlumela kanye namahlamvu jagged kukhona inqwaba kanzima. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, isihlahla simbozwe kakhulu ngama-inflorescences-basiketi. Uchungechunge lwamapharele egolide ayindilinga ozimele oyisisekelo onsomi-onsomi. Ububanzi be-inflorescence buyi-10 cm. Izinhlobo:
- Amaqabunga e-Autumn - isitshalo esifinyelela kuma-75 cm ukuphakama sihlotshiswe ngama-inflorescence ngezinsimbi zethusi, ezinsundu noma ezibomvu ezizungeze umongo onsundu;
- I-Shaggy rudbeckia moraine - ihlukile kunhlobonhlobo yangaphambilini ezinhlotsheni ezibomvu ngokunsundu ngomphetho ophuzi, ehlelwe imigqa eminingana;
- I-Goldilocks - amahlahla angama-40-60 cm amade ancibilikisa ama-inflorescence e-terry ama-cm ane-diameter kufika ku-10 cm;
- Amehlo aluhlaza - izimbali ezinediski yangaphakathi yomnqumo oluhlaza okotshani ezintabeni ziyaqhakaza ezitshalweni ezifika ku-70 cm ukuphakama;
- I-Cherry brandy rudbeckia - i-inflorescence iqukethe amacembe abomvu anemithambo ebubende phakathi nendawo nomgogodla onsundu.
I-Rudbeckia iyithoni emibili. Ukukhula okumile okungama-25-70 cm ukuphakeme kumbozwe ngamahlamvu amnyama aluhlaza e-lanceolate. Iziqu namaqabunga embozwe ngenqwaba yesiliva-grey. Ama-inflorescence anesilinganiso esingamasentimitha angama-6-8 ahlukaniswa umgogodla omncane wesisekelo se-convex nezinsimbi ezinde ezimfishane, ezidwetshwe ngemibala emi-2 ehlukile. Ngenxa yalokhu, umbuthano ogqamile uyabonakala phakathi nendawo.
I-perennial rudbeckia imelwe yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo.
I-Rudbeckia isuswe. Lesi sitshalo esikhulu sifinyelela ku-2 m ukuphakama. Iziqu eziqinile ezingamboziwe zimbozwe ngamaqabunga e-cirrus. Ema-inflorescence anesilinganiso esingamasentimitha ayi-10, izimbali zomhlanga zakha imigqa engu-1-3 yamaphembe aphuzi akhanyayo. Ikholamu eliphakathi nendawo liqukethe izimbali ezincane eziphuzi Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Golden Ball rudbeckia ezidumile zihlukaniswa ngama-inflorescence aphindwe kabili noma ama-semi-degree kufika ku-10 cm.Amapulangwe aphuzi aqhakazile abumba umnyombo ohlaza okotshani.
URudbeckia uyakhanya. Izimpunga ezimfishane ezingxenyeni engenhla zikhula zibe ngama-60 cm ukuphakama. Bangamaqabunga e-lanceolate. Ama-inflorescence afinyelela ku-9 cm ubukhulu ukuqhuma maphakathi nehlobo.Amapulangwe e-Orange avele agobile emuva, futhi isikhungo esimile ngendlela ephakemeyo sidwetshiwe ngombala onsomi.
I-glossy rudbeckia. Isitshalo esifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5,5 simbozwe ngamaqabunga e-olive l greenolate anendawo ecwebezelayo. Emaphethelweni amaqabunga ahlanganisiwe. Ama-inflorescence anama-petals ayindilinga abukeka njengama-sun amancane ane-ububanzi ka-12-15 cm.
Ukutshala imbewu
Ukusakazwa kwembewu yeRudbeckia yikhona okuvame kakhulu. Isebenza kakhulu ngonyaka, kepha izinhlobo ze-terry azisatshalaliswa ngembewu evuniwe ngokuzimele. Emhlabathini ovulekile, imbewu ihlwanyelwa kuphela enhlabathini efudumele kahle (ukuphela kukaMeyi-Juni). Bangcwatshwa ngamamitha ayi-5 ukuya kwezi-10 ezimbizeni kude ne-15 cm. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3 kuzovela amahlumela bese kuthi kuphela amahlahla aluhlaza aqhakaze ihlobo, angatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo. Izithombo zezimbali kulindeleke ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ukuze ukhule unyaka ngamunye ozojabulisa ngezimbali ngonyaka wokuqala, kuqala kutshalwa izithombo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekupheleni kukaMashi, imbewu ihlwanyelwa esihlabathini nasenhlabathini ye-peat kuya ekujuleni kuka-5 mm. Fafaza umhlaba ngamanzi bese umboza amabhokisi nge-foil. Bawaqukethe ekushiseni kuka + 20 ... + 22 ° C. I-Condensate isuswa njalo endaweni yokukhosela, futhi izilimo ziyafafazwa. Amahlumela avela ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15, ngemuva kwalokho kukhishwe indawo yokukhosela. Lapho izithombo zikhula amaqabunga eqiniso e-2, ifakwa emabhokisini ngebanga le-3-5 cm noma emabhodweni e-peat ahlukile. Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ngezinsuku ezifudumele ilanga, izithombo zikhipha amahora ambalwa emgwaqweni noma kuvulandi ukuze ziqiniswe.
Ukusakazwa kwemifino
I-perennial rudbeckia ingasatshalaliswa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Le nqubo iyadingeka ngisho nakwizitshalo ezinde kuneminyaka emihlanu. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma maphakathi nekwindla, isihlahla semba futhi sihlanganiswe izingxenye ngezandla. Izinqubo ezingaphansi komhlaba ezivulekile zisikwa nge-blade. Ama-Delenki amancane aphumela lapho atshalwa ngokushesha endaweni entsha enomhlaba omusha emigodini engajulile. Ibanga phakathi kwabo lincike ezinhlobonhlobo futhi lingama-25-40 cm.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
Izithombo zeRudbeckia zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Lesi sitshalo sinokuzithoba ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi, kepha sidinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Ngaye, khetha izindawo ezivulekile elangeni noma ezinemithunzi kancane. Ngaphambi kokutshala, bambe umhlaba. I-sand kanye ne-gravel ifakwa enhlabathini enobumba obukhulu, kanye nofulawa we-dolomite noma ushokolezo wenhlabathi ene-acidic. Ukuze kwandiswe ukuzala, umhlaba uhlanganiswa nomquba.
Izitshalo zitshalwe emigodini engashoni ebangeni elingama-30-40 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Isimo sezulu esifudumele selanga, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngaphandle komzamo owengeziwe kuzodlula ngokushesha. Ngezinsuku ezinamafu, namakhaza, i-rudbeckia imbozwe nge-lutrasil ebusuku phakathi nesonto. Ngemuva kokutshala, umhlaba uyanyathelwa, uniselwe futhi ufakwe kumanyolo wokuphakama ube ngu-8 cm.
Ukunakekela i-rudbeckia endaweni evulekile kulula. Isitshalo sidinga ukuniselwa njalo ukuze inhlabathi ingoma kakhulu, kodwa futhi ingashisi. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngokufafaza ekuseni noma amahora kusihlwa.
Eduze kwezitshalo ezincane, udinga ukukhulula umhlabathi njalo ukhiphe ukhula. Izinhlobo eziphezulu ziboshwe ngendlela yesikhathi. Ukusuka ekujuleni komoya nemvula enkulu, iziqu zingaphuka.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izihlahla zondliwa ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali. Emhlabathini ompofu ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, kuhlanganiswa ingxube ye-nitrophosphate ene-potassium sulfate. Ehlobo, badla ngesixazululo somquba obolile.
Lapho izimbali ziqala, ama-inflorescence anqunywa esiqwini sokuqala. Ngakho-ke ungakhuthaza ukuba nezimbali ezinde futhi ezinkudlwana, futhi uvikele nokuhlwanyelwa ngokwakho. Ekwindla, inhlabathi yomile iyoma bese inqunyelwa ngqo ezimpandeni. Ebusika, maphakathi neRussia, inhlabathi imbozwe ngamaqabunga awile namagatsha ama-spruce. Ebusika, kufanele uphonsa iqhwa eliningi phezu kombhede wezimbali. Entwasahlobo, kuyasuswa izindawo zokukhosela bese kukhishwa izimbotshana zokudonsa amanzi ancibilikisiwe.
I-Rudbeckia iyamelana nezifo zezitshalo namagciwane. Kuphela ezimweni ezingafani lapho uthola khona i-Powdery isikhutha. Kuyadingeka ukuncipha izinqubo ezithintekile futhi ubaphathe ngamalungiselelo asekelwe kwesibabule. Uma imbali ihlaselwe yi-nematode, sebenzisa amakhompiyutha akhethekile aleli gciwane futhi zama ukwahlukanisa isitshalo esithintekile kokuphumula.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-rudbeckia
Ama-daisy amakhulu aphuzi, owolintshi noma obomvu ngaphezulu kwezimila eziluhlaza ezintekenteke abukeka emangalisa kakhulu. Zingatshalwa ngamaqembu maphakathi notshani, eceleni komgwaqo noma kocingo. Indawo ekhanyayo yegolide izohlala idonsela ukunakwa. Engadini ehlanganisiwe yezimbali, i-rudbeckia ihlanganiswa ne-ageratum, i-chrysanthemum, i-aster, i-lobelia, i-echinacea, i-monarda, i-chamomile ne-lobularia. Izimbali zibukeka kahle ngokusikiwe futhi zime e-vase isikhathi eside.
Izimpande notshani be-rudbeckia banezinto zokwelapha. Ngisho namaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika ngosizo lwawo aqeda umkhuhlane, i-tonsillitis nomphimbo obuhlungu. Ngaphandle, ama-decoctions asetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanxeba, ukwelapha i-vaginitis kanye nokuvuvukala kwesibeletho. Futhi, ukuthatha i-decoction ngaphakathi kukhulisa ukumelana kwengcindezi futhi kuqede ukukhathala.
