I-Spring ifika, futhi nayo iyinhlekelele yonyaka ehambisana nomsebenzi wensimu. Ukushisa kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile: ifreyimu idinga ukulungiswa, inhlabathi kumele ikhuliswe nge-disinfected futhi ivuselelwe. Abalimi bamasimu bayazi ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela emihle kakhulu yokushisa okwakhiwa kahle, ngakho-ke abaziniki isikhathi noma imali yokulungiselela.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba endaweni yokushisa ngaphambi kokutshala kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli futhi kuhlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi edingekayo: ukungcola komhlaba, ukufudumala kwenhlabathi, ukwanda kwenhlabathi.
Yiziphi izindlela zenhlabathi yokucwiliswa kwegazi?
Ukuchithwa kwenhlabathi kukuvumela ukuba uvikele izitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzane. Abanye balimi bayazikholelwa ukuthi phakathi namaqhwa ebusika wonke ama-microorganisms ayingozi ayafa. Akunjalo.
Ama-bacterium kanye ne-fungi basinda kalula emazingeni aphansi aphansi, kanti entwasahlobo bavuka futhi baqhubeke bekhula ngamandla, okwenza kube nomonakalo ongenakuqhathaniswa nezitshalo eziluhlaza ezitshalisayo. Ngakho kanjani ukucubungula abamba ukushisa emva ubusika?
Ukuchithwa kwe-disinfection Ukukhipha ukushisa kwe-greenhouse entwasahlobo kufanele kuncishiswe ingozi yezifo, kodwa kungonakali izinga lomkhiqizo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-bleach
I-lime yama-chloric isetshenziswa ekwindla, ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna, futhi entwasahlobo. 
Lokhu kungenye yezindlela ezivunyelwe zokukhulelwa kwenhlabathi. Ekubeni, inhlabathi ye-greenhouse ingasuswa ngokucophelela ngekhambi lokugxila lekhayi, kodwa entwasahlobo udinga kuphela ukufiphaza kancaneukuze ukubunjwa kungonakali ukukhula kwezitshalo ezizayo.
Ngama-alitha ayi-10 wamanzi, hlaziya u-400 g we-lime futhi uvumele ukuba ufeze amahora angu-4. Ngemuva kwalokho, isisombululo esibuthakathaka esakhiwe kufanele sisetshenziswe ibhodlela le-spray ukuze lifake inhlabathi, futhi okunye okumele kusetshenziswe kufanele kusetshenziswe emaphandleni nasezindongeni zokushisa.
Bleach iqeda:
- imilenze emnyama;
- izintelezi;
- indolode yematode;
- i-phytophtora;
- ukubola okumhlophe.
Ukwelashwa kwesibabule
Ukuqubuzela ukushisa okushisa kwesibabule - Indlela evamile yokubhekana nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Ngenxa yomswakama sulfure, kukhishwa ama-oxide we-sulfuric ne-sulfuric acid, elwa namabhaktheriya ngokuphumelelayo. Okuwukuphela kwengozi yale ndlela ukuthi i-dioxide eyakhiwe yile sulfure ayikwazi ukukhuphuka ngokuphelele: iyohlala emhlabathini futhi izodlula ezitshalweni zezitshalo ezitshalwe.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuphatha isulfure:
Ukushisa Amakhadi Anesulfure. Ukucubungula i-m3 ye-greenhouse, udinga ukuthatha ama-50-150 g wesibabule (kuye ngokuthi inani lezinambuzane zonyaka odlule). Ama-crystals kufanele abekwe ematayini ensimbi, abekwe emagumbini ahlukene we-greenhouse, bese ehlelwa ngomlilo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezibhamu ezikhethekile ze-sulfur. Badinga ukubeka emagumbini okushisa futhi abashaye.
Kubalulekile! Zombili izindlela zidinga ukuthobela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilula. Ukuqubuzana kuyokwenziwa ngumuntu ophethe i-mask igesi kanye namagilavu okuzivikela. Ngemva kokushisa kwama-crystals noma "abahloli" ku-greenhouse ngeke kube khona.
Ekamelweni elitholakalayo kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa eliphansi - 10-15ºС. Ngemuva kokucubungula, i-greenhouse kufanele ivaliwe, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezintathu - emoyeni.
Isibabule siphelile:
- isikhunta;
- isikhunta;
- imikhaza;
- slugs
Ukukhipha ukukhipha isisombululo ngesisombululo se-formalin
Inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokutshala i-greenhouse ingacutshungulwa Isixazululo sika-40% se-formalin. Ngaphambi kwenqubo, izinga lokushisa lokushisa kufanele lifinyelelwe ku-10-12ºС ukuze i-formalin ingabi yi-evaporate. Ukucubungula kwenziwa emaskini egesi. Ngemuva kwenqubo, izinga lokushisa lokushisa kufanele likhule lifike ku-25 ° C, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo - ukuvula igumbi.
I-Formalin ibhubhisa:
- isi-spider mite;
- i-fungus;
- isikhunta;
- i-whitefly.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Copper sulfate
Ukucubungula ngokuphelele I-sulfate yethusi ikhiqizwa ekwindla; entwasahlobo, izindonga nophahla lwama-greenhouse kumele zifakwe ngesixazululo se-10% yalesi sici.
I-sulfate ye-Copper ibhubhisa:
- i-phytophtora;
- isikhumba se-powdery;
- isi-spider mite;
- ukubola;
- isikhumba
Ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile
Manje izitolo zinikeza ukukhethwa okukhulu kwezidakamizwa ezenzelwe ukulwa nge uhlobo oluthile lwamabhaktheriya, ngakho-ke abalimi bangazikhethela okuhamba kahle kakhulu ekushiseni kwabo abamba ukushisa. Ukwakhiwa okukhethekile nakho kuhle ngoba akudingi ikhefu elide: emva kwabo ungaqhubeka usebenza kubamba lokushisa.
Lezi zidakamizwa zinomphumela onenzuzo inhlabathi yokuzala: balungisa i-nitrogen, bachithe izibulala-zinambuzane, bahlanganisa izinsimbi ezinzima, bakhiqize ama-hormone okukhula emvelo.
Ukuguqula umhlaba
Kuyinto indlela enhle kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo ukulawulwa kwezifo eziphilayo: inhlabathi ethinteka yi-bacteria isuswe ngokuphelele futhi ishintshwe ngokuphelele.
Ukuguqula umhlaba - umsebenzi kunzima futhi kubizangakho-ke akufanelekile ukugcina izithombo ezinkulu zokugcina izithombo.
Ukufaka esikhundleni sokutshala izitshalo
Abalimi bamasimu bayazi ukuthi izitshalo ezahlukene zihambisana nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kulula ukutshala enhlabathini engcolile isiko elisha elingavumelani namagciwane akhona.
Indlela yokushisa
Iningi lamagciwane lingasuswa ngokucophelela. gcwalisa inhlabathi ngamanzi abilayo. Ngemuva kokuphuza imibhede, gcoba nge-cellophane ifilimu ukuze umusi uphume ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zenhlabathi futhi ubavimbele.
Isithombe
Bheka isithombe: indlela yokucubungula ukushisa ngaphambi kokutshala
Indlela ukuqeda phytophthora?
Abalimi abaningi bakhathazeke kakhulu ngombuzo: indlela yokucubungula ukushisa okuvela ku-phytophtoras entwasahlobo?
Phytophthora - Iphupho elibi kunoma yimuphi umlimi wensimu. Leli fungus elichaphazela zonke izitshalo ezinomsoco - utamatisi, amazambane, isitshalo seqanda, pepper. I-Phytophthora ingaphazamisa noma yikuphi isitshalo kusuka ezimpandeni kuya ezitshalweni.
Izithelo zesitshalo esithintekayo, ayikwazi ukudliwa, futhi isitshalo ngokwaso kufanele sisuswe masinyane futhi sishiswe ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukuba sisakaze esihlahleni esinempilo. Kodwa-ke, lezo zindlela ngokuvamile azilethi imiphumela: uma sekuvele, i-phytophtora ingaphaza ingxenye yesitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvimbela i-phytophthora kufanele kuqale ekwindla. Emva kokuvuna, udinga ukuqeda ngokucophelela zonke izinsalela zezitshalo bese uzishisa ngaphandle kwensimu.
Uma ku-greenhouse kwakukhona ukuqubuka kwesibindi esiphelile, kubalulekile ukuphatha inhlabathi ngokulungiselela okukhethekile - "Fitosporin". Ngaphambi kokutshala okulandelayo, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe okungenani izikhathi ezingu-3.
Kuthiwani uma umhlaba 'ukhathele'?
Ukukhathala komhlaba emhlabeni wokushisa - lokhu akufani nokuntuleka kokuzala. Njalo ngonyaka, izitshalo zithatha zonke izakhi ezivela emhlabathini, zichithe futhi zibuthakathaka. Ukuze uthole isivuno esisha, kudinga i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-calcium, i-potassium, nokuningi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlinzekwa kwezakhi kumele kugcwaliswe.
Indlela elula yokuthuthukisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi yiyona ukutshala ama-green mans ku-greenhouse. Ngakho-ke kuthiwa izitshalo okwesikhashana zakha inani elikhulu lobukhulu obuhlaza: phacelia, cress, vetch, lwesinaphi, rye, oats, clover. Amahlumela kanye nezimpande zabo ziwumthombo omuhle wezinto eziphilayo nezinhlabathi ezincane zemvelo. I-3 kg yemifino enjalo ithatha indawo eyi-1.5 kg yomquba, okuye kwacatshangwa ukuthi umanyolo ongcono kakhulu enhlabathini.
Uma izimpande zihluma futhi zikhula, ziyakunqunywa, bese zihlonywa emhlabathini kuze kube yi-2-3 cm ejulile. Izimpande ezifile zezimpande ziba ukudla kwezibungu ezikhulula inhlabathi, zithuthukise isakhiwo sayo futhi zigcwalise inhlabathi emoyeni. Emva kwamasonto amabili, izitshalo eziyinhloko zingatshalwa endaweni ehlwanyelwe.
Indlela yokutshala umhlaba?
Lapho ulungisa i-greenhouse yokutshala, umanyolo udlala indima ebalulekile. Umlimi wezandla angasebenzisa umanyolo owenziwe noma owenziwe ngomumo izinsimbi zamamineraliokuqukethe zonke izakhi ezidingekayo.
Umanyolo we-Organic we-greenhouse
Ngekhwalithi umanyolo ophilayo I-sludge yomfula, i-peat, isihlahla somuthi, umhlanga, ama-humus, ama-drop droppings, ama-algae asetshenziswa. Inzuzo engafanelekile yokufaka umquba okunjalo kungokwemvelo.
Zigcwalisa inhlabathi ngezakhi zomzimba futhi zithuthukise umsebenzi obalulekile wezincane ezincane ezizuzisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphela ngosizo lwabo ungakwazi ukufudumala kalula inhlabathi, okuzovumela ukutshala izitshalo zokuqala ekuqaleni.
Umanyolo owusizo kakhulu enhlabathini ngumquba. Inayo yonke izakhi. Inhlabathi ehlwanyelwe umquba iyabonakala, ilula, i-airy.
Umquba ungafakwa emhlabathini kokubili ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Ekwindla, ungasebenzisa izinto ezintsha: kuze kufike entwasahlobo, izoba i-perepret iphinde iphenduke i-dressing egqoka kakhulu izitshalo ezizayo. Kodwa entwasahlobo kungcono ukusebenzisa umquba obolile: izinto ezicatshangelwayo ezitholakala emthonjeni omusha zingalimaza uhlelo lwempande zezithombo.
Amaminerali amaminerali
Ukwanda okwenziwe kwezitshalo kuhlinzekwa ngokufaka umanyolo emhlabathini ngezingxenye zamaminerali. Kodwa kufanele isetshenziswe ngokucophelela: isilinganiso esingalungile singaphazamisa wonke umhlabathi ovundile womhlaba. Umlimi oyisivande othakazelisa ukutshala umhlaba obamba ukushisa ngamaminerali okugqoka kumele afunde imilayezo.
Kukhona umquba ohlinzeka umhlabathi ngesici esithile: phosphorus, nitrogen noma potassium. Babizwa ngokuthi balula. Kodwa ethandwa kakhulu izimila eziyinkimbinkimbiohlinzeka izithombo konke kanye kanye nesethi yezakhi.
Yonke insimu iyazi ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukulungisa ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi ku-greenhouse yokutshala. Emva kwakho konke, kuphela uma ulandela ngokucophelela zonke izincomo, ungathola isivuno esihle futhi unikeze umndeni wakho ngemikhiqizo enobungane ebusika.
