Ukulimala kwesikhathi eside kungenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu ezithinta izitshalo ezithandanayo. Ngokuvamile, balimi babhekene nalesi sifo lapho bekhula amazambane kanye utamatisi. Ake sibone ukuthi siyini lesi sifo, indlela yokulwa nayo futhi sigcine isivuno.
Incazelo
Isifo se-fungal sekwephuzile sekwephuzile sibizwa nangokuthi amazambane abola noma ukubola okubomvu.. Lesi sifo siyingozi ngoba sihamba ngokushesha futhi ngesikhathi esifushane singasakazeka kulo lonke isitshalo. 
Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kokulimaza okuphelile Okokuqala, yi-amazambane oguga, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-15, i-fungus iphinde iphathele amathe utamatisi. Ibonakala ngendlela yamabala ezindaweni ezingenhla zezitshalo, izithelo nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Funda kabanzi ngalokho okumele ukhathalele nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezinambuzane zezamatamatisi, amazambane, indlela yokuvimbela nokulwa nokulimala kokuphela kwesikhathi kwamazambane, kanye nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi ezinqabile ukulimala okuphelile.
Ukuqubuka kwezifo zalesi sifo kuhlobene ngokuqondile nezimo zezulu ezimbi: ihlobo elinezimvula ezinezinguquko ezinkulu emini nasebusuku izinga lokushisa yisikhathi esihle kakhulu somsebenzi we-fungal.
Ukunqunywa izimpawu
Lesi sifo senyamazane singase senze ngezindlela ezahlukene, kuye ngokuthi i-pathogen eyayiphakamisa, kanye nezimo zezulu.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokuba khona kwe-phytophtora zibhekwa njengezilandelayo:
- Emagqabeni ezitshalo, amabala ombala omnyama noma obomvu anama-white edging.
- Ishidi leshidi eliphansi limbozwe nge-spider patina emhlophe.
- Ukuphuza, ukubopha, ukomisa nokufa kwezinhlamvu.
- Iziqu kanye nama-petioles ahlanganiswe nezindawo ezimnyama ezikhula ngesivinini somlilo futhi zithinta zonke iziqongo zesitshalo.
- Ukujikeleza kuqukethe.
- Ukufiphaza futhi ukuchitha izimbali nama-ovari.
- On izithelo utamatisi kubonakala ngendlela amabala, okuyinto kamuva kuvuselela nokubola of utamatisi.
- Izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane zigcwele izindawo ezinomsoco.
Utamatisi othintwa yi-photofluorosisKubalulekile! Isikhathi sokutshala isikhathi sokulimala sekwephuzile sihluka kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-7 ukuya kwezingu-10.
Idluliselwa kanjani futhi yande
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-phytophtoras kukhuthazwa yizici eziningana, okokuqala - lezi zimo zezulu ezingalungile, okungukuthi, izinguquko ngokuzumayo kokushisa nomswakama owedlulele..
Ubukhuni obude, amazolo amaningi nemvula kaningi kubangelwa ukungcoliswa kwesitshalo. 
Izimpawu ze-phytophthora kumazambane Amazinga amancane wokutshala noma umhlabathi onegciwane angase abe umthombo wesifo.
Esinye isizathu sokwenzeka kwe-phytophthora yi-agrotechnology engafanele, ikakhulukazi, ukutshala okunamandla kakhulu nokutholakala kokhula kusayithi.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ukhetha ukutshala impahla, ukhetho kufanele lunikezwe ezinhlobonhlobo ezingamelana nokulimala okuphelile.
Indlela yokulwa
Ukunqoba lesi sifo kunzima kakhulu. Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi esifanele kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba uma uqala isifo, isivuno asikwazi ukulondolozwa.
Kungenzeka ukwelapha nokuvimbela i-fungus ngezindlela eziningana, yini ngempela - ake sicabangele.
Ukulungiselela
Ama-fungicides afanele ukulawula ukulimala kwemuva; lezi zilungiselela ziqukethe ithusi, ephumelelayo ngokumelene le fungus:
- i-sulphate yethusi. Izinsuku ezingu-20 emva kokuhluma, izitshalo ziphathwa ngesisombululo se-0.02% semithi. Inqubo iphindaphindiwe phakathi nenkathi yezimbali;
- Bordeaux liquid. Amazambane kanye notamatisi baphathwa ngesisombululo se-1% salezi zinsuku izinsuku ezingu-20 emva kokuvela kwamahlumela, bese kuthi ngesikhathi sezimbali;
- "I-Ridomil Gold". Isetshenziselwa ukucubungula izitshalo ezivela ku-phytophthora ngaphambi kokuchichima ngesilinganiso sama-25 g wezidakamizwa ngamamitha ayi-square square. m;
- "Revus". Ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ama-buds okuqala, zilashwa ngezinga lika-6 ml nge-100 sq. M. m;
- "Bravo". I-fungicide enamandla, isetshenziselwa lapho kusongelwa ukushaywa kwesifo esibucayi sekwephuzile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, inqubo yokutshala ngesilinganiso se-20 ml yesidakamizwa ngamamitha ayizi-square eziyi-100. m
Kubalulekile! Ukucubungula utamatisi nge-fungicides, uma nje kunesidingo sokugcina isivuno, kwenziwa ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingama-21 ngaphambi kokuba izithelo zivuthwe.
Izindlela zomphakathi
Abalimi abanolwazi bathi kukhona izindlela eziningi eziphephile zokubhekana nalesi sifo, ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuvunyelwe kuzo zonke izigaba zonyaka okhulayo futhi kukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze izitshalo nezitshalo. Ake sicabange ngempumelelo kakhulu:
- Ubisi nge-iodine. Emalitha angu-10 yobisi, kufanele wengeze amaconsi angu-30-40 we-iodine uphinde ufefa izitshalo ngenhlanganisela. Ungasebenzisa futhi le serum.
- Ukwehlisa i-garlic. Ukuze ukwenze, udinga ukusika ama-clove angu-10-15 wegalikhi bese ufaka amalitha ayishumi amanzi. Ingxube ka-garlic-garlic ishiywe ukunika amahora angu-10-12, bese uhlunga bese uphefaza izitshalo ezithintekile ukulimala.
- Isixazululo segalikhi kanye ne-potassium permanganate. 1.5 Ubuciko. i-garlic eqoshiwe ixubene ne-1.5 g we-potassium permanganate futhi uthele ama-10 amalitha amanzi. Bese uhlanza ingxenye engenhla yesitshalo.
- Isixazululo se-iodine ne-potassium chloride. 30 g we-potassium chloride kanye namaconsi angu-40 e-iodine kufanele achithe ngo-10 l amanzi. Ingxube eholelekile isetshenziselwa ukunisela ngesilinganiso se-0.5 amalitha ngetamatisi esihlahla noma amazambane.
Funda futhi ngamakhambi asebenzayo omuntu we-phytophtora kumatamatisi.
Ukwelashwa komhlabathi
Ukuze unciphise amathuba okulimala okwesikhashana, inhlabathi kufanele ilungiselelwe kahle ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi namazambane.
Ukwenza lokhu, entwasahlobo kubalulekile ukususa indawo yokukhula kwentsha kanye nonyaka odlule futhi ukhulule umhlabathi kahle. 
Ngemuva kwalokho, inhlabathi kumele ikhutshazwe nge-disinfected, ingenziwa ngosizo lwamakhemikhali noma amakhambi omuntu.
Noma yimaphi amalungiselelo anethusi afaneleka ukubulala amagciwane emhlabathini; ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala okuhlosiwe. Abalimi abanolwazi nabo basebenzisa umlotha okhuni kanye nesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate kule njongo.
Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela
Ngeshwa, ukuvikelwa okungu-100% okumelene ne-phytophthora akukhona, kodwa ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela ngaphambi nangemva kokutshala izitshalo kunciphise amathuba okuba khona.
Ukuvimbela lesi sifo besebenzisa imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali nemvelo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi amakhemikhali angeke asetshenziswe phakathi nazo zonke izinkathi zonyaka okhulayo, ngoba izinto ezinamandla zingena ngaphakathi izithelo futhi ngaleyo ndlela zenze isivuno sibe yingozi empilweni.
Uyazi? Esinye sezizathu zendlala yase-Ireland ngo-1845-1849, lapho kubulawa abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yesine yalesi siqhingi, kubhekwa njengengozi ephuzile, okwabhubhisa cishe yonke isivuno sezambane, futhi ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyisidlo sokudla kwabantu base-Ireland.
Ngokuqondene ne-biopreparations, ingasetshenziswa cishe noma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo, ngaphandle kokwesaba imiphumela emibi esithelweni nasemvelweni.
On utamatisi
Ukuvimbela ukutholakala kwe-phytophthora kumatamatisi, lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo kufanele zithathwe:
- Khetha ukutshala kuphela ikhwalithi ephezulu, impahla enempilo.
- Disinfect imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kwisisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engu-20-30.
- Utamatisi wezitshalo kude namazambane.
- Qaphela ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla, ukuhlwanyela okugxilile kunomthelela ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwesifo.
- Sebenzisa ama-fertilizer e-phosphorus-potassium njalo.
- Ungagcwalisi inhlabathi nge nitrogen.
- Yenza imithombo emihle eyovimbela uketshezi ukuthi uphume.
- Kutshalwe ezindaweni ezinelanga.
- Landela izincomo zochwepheshe ngokuphathelene nokujikeleza kwezitshalo.
- Hlanganisa inhlabathi.
- Izitshalo zokutshala izitshalo.
Ividiyo: ukuvimbela ukulimala okuphelile kwamatamatisi
Izithombo ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele zifakwe nge-copper sulfate noma ingxube yeBordeaux. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-14 izihlahla ziphinda zifakwe embhede wensimu.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini i-siderata ifanele utamatisi ngezinzuzo eziphakeme.
Noma yimaphi amalungiselelo amakhemikhali yokwelashwa utamatisi avunyelwe ukusebenzisa okungenani amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuthwa okuhlosiwe kwesithelo.
Ngakho-ke, abalimi abanemifino abanolwazi banamathuba amaningi okusebenzisa amakhambi omuntu kunokuba amafungicides athole ukwelashwa okukhathele kokwetamatisi.
On amazambane
Njengokuvimbela i-phytophthora kumazambane, umuntu kufanele ahambisane nezincomo ezilandelayo:
- Kunconywa ukuthatha izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinempilo kuphela zokutshala; njengesivivinyo sokuba khona kwe-fungus, kunconywa ukuma egumbini elifudumele elinamazinga okushisa ama-15-18 ° C ngezinsuku ezingu-10-15 ngaphambi kokutshala. Uma amazambane anesifo, amabala e-putrid azovela kuwo.
- Ungafaki izitshalo ezizenzekelayo endaweni.
- Gwema ukuqhuma okweqile.
- Nika izintandokazi ezinhlobonhlobo eziphikisana ne-phytophthora.
- Ukwenza isiphofu sokuvimbela ngamafungicides noma amalungiselelo e-biological njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhula.
- Landela imithetho yobunjiniyela bezolimo, okungukuthi, ukukhulula inhlabathi nokusila ukhula.
- Sebenzisa ama-fertilizer e-phosphorus-potassium njalo.
Ividiyo: indlela yokuvikela amazambane kusuka ekukhanyeni okuphelile
Elinye lamaphuzu abaluleke kunawo wonke ekunakekelwa kwamasimu ukukhishwa kokhula. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokhula oluvame kakhulu, kanye nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani namakhambi omuntu, amathuluzi akhethekile nokubulala ukhula.
Le fungus ingokwezifo ezingelapheki, ngakho-ke zonke izenzo zomgadi wensimu kufanele zihlose ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa nokusabalalisa kwe-phytophthora. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza ukucubungulwa kwamafayicide ngokusho kwemiyalelo yokusetshenziswa.
Kwamanye amasiko
Ukulimala okusabalalisa akuthinti kuphela amazambane, utamatisi, kodwa futhi nezinye izidakamizwa. Ngokuvamile, libhekene ne-pepper nesitshalo seqanda. Ukuze ukwelashwa kwalezi ziko, amafungicides asetshenziswa, njengamatamatisi, aphethwe ngezixazululo zamakhemikhali anjalo.
Uma ukhulisa imifino ebamba ukushisa, ukhukhamba ungaba nesifo, ngakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula izinga lokuswakama ekamelweni nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Ukwelapha ukhukhamba kungaba namakhambi omuntu kuphela ahlose ukulwa nokulimala kwekwephuzile. 
Bhisa ngamakhukhamba
Uyazi? Naphezu kokuthi abantu abaningi bathi utamatisi namazambane abathintekile yilesi sifo akunakudliwa, empeleni, akukho cwaningo olwenziwe mayelana nokudla izithelo ezinjalo. Kukhona iziphakamiso kuphela ukuthi lokhu akufanele kwenziwe, ngisho nangezizathu zobuhle, ngoba izitshalo ezimboza imifino ayibukeke nhlobo. Kodwa ukudla noma ukungadli, wonke umuntu uyazikhethela.
Ukulimala okwesikhashana kuyisifo esijwayelekile esiyingozi sefungal. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokubhekana nayo ukuzama ukuyivimbela ukuba ingaveli engadini yakho, futhi lokhu kufanele ulandele imithetho ye-agrotechnology, ekhonjiswa ku-nightshade.
Impendulo evela kubasebenzisi benethiwekhi
