Isitshalo seqanda yisitshalo esidumile semifino esilula kakhulu ukukhula ngezithombo. Izimila zifuna kakhulu ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi, azikwazi ukuhluma futhi zidinga isitsha esilondoloza ubuqotho bezimpande ezibuthakathaka.
Kunesinye seziqukathi ezijwayelekile kanye nezinkomishi. Phakathi kwezindlela ezivivinywe eziye zabonisa imiphumela emihle ziyizithombo ezikhulayo ezibhebheni ze-peat, izinkinobho, noma ephepheni lezindlu zangasese.
Izithombo zezitshalo ze-isitshalo seziphilisi ze-peat - ukutshala nokukhula
Izitshalo zokutshala isitshalo seqanda ezibhebheni ze-peat - zanamuhla futhi indlela elula kakhulu. Iqeda ukuhlukunyezwa kokuzixuba i-substrate, ukuchithwa kwe-disinfection, ukuhlolwa, ukufaka umquba emhlabathini.
Indlela ekahle ukusebenza nge-imbewu encaneizinhlobo ezivuthiwe neziqakathekile zesitshalo seqanda. Ukulima izimboni kungase kungabi lula kakhulu.
Amaphilisi e-Peat: kuyini?
Amaphilisi e-Peat ayindlela elula, elula futhi ephephile yokukhula izithombo. Ngokungafani nezimbiza, amaphilisi ayinalo izindonga ezinamandla zekhadibhodi elicindezelwe, elingenakukwazi ukungena ezimpandeni ezibuthakathaka zesitshalo seqanda.
Amaphilisi okwenziwe kusuka ku-peat ephakeme, okuyinto okunezakhi ezingezansi: ukugqugquzela ukukhula, ama-disinfectants, izithako zokucindezeleka. I-asidi ye-peat ayithathi hlangothi, ifanele izitshalo eziningi, kufaka phakathi isitshalo seqanda.
Amathebulethi angasetshenziselwa umjikelezo ogcwele wokukhula wezithombo, ukuphatha noma ukukhetha akudingeki. Izitshalo zePodroschennye zizothunyelwa endaweni ehlala njalo, kanye ne-tablet, izimpande eziboshwe.
Iziphakamiso ezithinta amaphilisi e-peat:
- umnotho;
- kulula ukukhula;
- ezemvelo ukuphepha;
- isiqinisekiso ukuhluma okuhle kakhulu;
- ekahle ekukhuleni izinhlobo ezahlukene zesitshalo seqanda;
- Asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa izikhuthazo ezengeziwe noma umquba;
- Amaphilisi avimbela izifo ezijwayelekile zomoya (blackleg, izimpande zokubola);
- esifanele umjikelezo ogcwele wokuthuthukiswa kwezinsimu, kusuka ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu ekutshalweni kokushisa.
Indlela yokusebenzisa amaphilisi: imiyalelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Amaphilisi e-Peat wesayizi oyifunayo asethwe kwisitsha esijulile wathela amanzi afudumele.
Kunconywa ukubeka amathebulethi ngembobo, uzobekwa kuyo imbewu ye-isitshalo seqanda. Ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala, i-peat ephoqelekile izokwandiswa izikhathi ezingu-7-8. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthululela izingxenye zamanzi, njengamanzi.
Indlela yokutshala ama-eggplant on izithombo ezibhebheni ze-peat? Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu akudingi noma yimiphi imisebenzi yokulungiselela. I-granular material yokutshala kungcono ukuthulula amanzi amancane, bese uphonsa ngobumnene igobolondo nge-toothpick ukusiza ukuhluma. Imbewu yesitshalo seqanda ifakwa emgodini phezulu kwepilisi futhi ngokucophelela ifakwe ngeminwe yakho.. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokulungiselela imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
Ukuze kube lula, ungasebenzisa induku yokhuni, kuzosiza ukwandisa kancane umgodi. Ngakho-ke, zonke izinto zokutshala zihlwanyelwa, khona-ke amaphilisi afakwa esitsheni esijulile esobala.
Ideal - I-mini-greenhouse ekhethekile, okwenza i-microclimate ekhululekile yezithombo.
Kungashintshwa ebhokisini lekhekhe leplastiki noma isitsha esijulile esinesitimela nesembozo. Qiniseka ukuthi unezimbobo zokugeleza phansi. Lezi ziqukathi zifakwe enkundleni bese zifakwa ekushiseni ukuhluma okusheshayo kwembewu.
Amathebulethi akufanele abe nzima kakhulu. I-peat iswakanyiswe njengoba kudingeka. Isiqukathi sigcwele isembozo noma sihlanganiswe nefilimu yepulasitiki, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuyivuselela kanye ngosuku.
Ukuhluma okuphumelelayo ilanga elikhanyayo liyadingeka. Amandla ngamaphilisi angcono ukufaka efasiteleni lewindi lewindi eliseningizimu, eningizimu-ntshonalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ngenxa yokungabi khona kwelanga, ukutshala kugcwaliswa ngezibani ze-fluorescent.
Izithombo zanda ngokusebenzisa amaphilisi ayidingi ukukhetha, emibhede ihamba kanye nesisekelo se-peat. Uma i-reticulum, ekulondolozeni ubuqotho bepilisi, iphuka, isitshalo kumele isetshenziswe kwelinye isitsha.
Akudingekile ukujula amahlumela ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ukulungele ukuthuthela endaweni yokuhlala unomphela kubhekwa njengezimbewu, izimpande zazo ezizungeze iphilisi. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpande zezitshalo azihlanganisiwe..
Ngaphambi kokudluliselwa emibhedeni oyidingayo ukufaka isikhwama sokuzivikela kuthebhulethi ngayinye. Uma ushiya kahle, izimpande zama-eggplant ngeke zikwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele, lesi sitshalo sizoqala ukubola, izimbali ziyophuza. Ngemuva kokufakelwa isitshalo, ukuphuza nokufaka umquba kufakwe ngendlela evamile.
Inqubo yokuhlwanyela imbewu zibe amaphilisi ingabonwa kuvidiyo engezansi:
Imaphakethe yephepha: ezingabizi, ezishibhile, ezisebenzayo
Ikhululekile kakhulu, elula, inketho enkulu etholakalayo ukuhluma izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda - iphepha elivamile lezindlu zangasese. Le nqubo ilula, okokuqala iqeda umsebenzi ongcolile wokuqoqa, ukubulala amagciwane, ukuhlunga inhlabathi.
Indlela ivumela ukulahla imbewu encanengaphandle kokuthatha izitsha zomuntu ngamunye.
Esikhundleni sephepha langasese angasebenzisa amathawula wekhasi ekhishini. Amapulangwe noma amasheki awafanelanga, akhuphuka ngokushesha, imbewu ehluma kunzima ukukhipha ezifayilini ze-cellulose ezivuvukile.
Izinzuzo zezitshalo zokutshala izitshalo zeqanda kumaphepha angasese:
- lokhu kungukuthi indlela eshibhile, evumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo;
- njengoba isitsha, ungasebenzisa izinto eziseduze;
- imbewu ihlume ngokushesha;
- ukwehluleka kokudla okunomsoco kushukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpandengokungavumeli iziqu zibe ngaphezulu-ukudonsa;
- Izinga lokuswakama kulula ukulungisa;
- izithombo akahlupheki ngokuntuleka kokukhanya;
- imbewu engahlanyeli ingasuswa ngesikhathi.
Impendulo encane yalendlela - isidingo samaqoqo. Ngokungafani nezibhebhe ze-peat, iphepha lifanele kuphela umjikelezo wokuqala wokuthuthukiswa kwenzalo.
Indlela yokutshala imbewu ephepheni: isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo
Ngaphambi kokufika imbewu iyanconywa ukuba ifakwe kwisithuthukisi sokukhula amahora angu-10-12.
Imbewu yokuzivotela ingakaqhathaniswa nesisombululo se-potassium permanganate, igeze futhi isomisiwe. Izimbewu ezithengiwe azidingi inqubo enjalo, kumele zicutshungulwe ngaphambi kokudayiswa.
Ukuze uhlume, ungasebenzisa ama-pallet ejulile eplastiki, amabhokisi ekhekhe ekhethiwe noma amakhukhi. Inketho elula futhi engabizi - ibhodlela lepulasitiki, linqamuke. Kuzoba khona izitsha ezimbili ezincane ezikwazi ukufakwa emgodini ukuze ugweme ukuguqula.
Iphepha le-toilet lihlukaniswa. futhi wabekwe phansi kwesitsha ku-7-8 izendlalelo. Faka phansi ngokufakwe ngamakhemikhali ngamanzi afudumele kusuka ebhodleleni le-spray, imbewu ibeke phezu kwayo futhi ichotshozwe kancane ukuze izinsimbi ezimanzi zizungeze imbewu ngayinye.
Iziqukathi ziqiniswe ngokunamathela ifilimu bese zifakwa ekushiseni. Amahlumela esitshalo seqanda avela ngosuku olungu-4-5.
Amahlumela abasha afakwa ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo. Iwindi lewindi lewindi eleningizimu, livikelwe emashikheni. Ngokuntuleka kwelanga, izithombo kuzodingeka zikhanyiswe ngezibani ze-fluorescent. Uma kudingeka, leli phepha limanzi, futhi ifilimu isusiwe ngenxa yokuqhuma nokuqina izithombo.
Lapho amaqabunga okuqala eqiniso evela ezinhlangothini, isetshenziselwa ukuba isitsheni esihlukile. Ukuze ugweme ukubola, udinga ukusebenzisa izimbiza ezingaphezu kuka-10 cm ububanzi. Amathangi agcwele inhlabathi elula enhlanganisela yenhlabathi engadini ne-humus.
Ukukhula okuphumelelayo idinga ukuchelela njalo ngamanzi afudumele nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Ama-eggplants amancane ahluma ngaphansi kwezimo zokuntuleka kwezakhi ezinconywayo anconywa ukuba atshalwe nge-fertilizer ephelele yomquba.
Izithombo zingadluliselwa ezimbizeni kancane kancane, njengoba zikhula. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusinda kwamaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili ezitshalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwazo okuhle. Izithombo ngeke zisolulwe, ukukhula kwalo kungalawulwa ngokusebenzisa izithasiselo zamaminerali noma ezinye izinyathelo ezisheshayo.
Ama-eggplants we-Snail: inguqulo yokuqala yabalimi bokudala
Indlela engavamile, elula futhi ewusizo. - izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda ku-cochlea, izithombo ngale ndlela yokukhula ayidingi inhlabathiI-Landings i-compact, ungabi nendawo encane emafasiteleni ewindi.
Le ndlela ifanele ukuhluma kwanoma iyiphi inamba yembewu. Emva kokuvela kwezithombo, izithombo zifakelwa emhlabathini, futhi imbewu ngaphandle kwezithombo ziyanqatshwa.
Izinkuni zezithombo: yini?
Izinkinobho zibizwa ngokuthi imiqulu yokuqala yefilimu noma ezinye izinto zokwenziwa, zabekwe iphepha eliphansi elincane. Imbewu ibekwe ephepheni elimanzi, emva kwalokho idizayini ihlanganiswe futhi ifakwe endaweni ejulile yokuhluma.
Ngokwenza izinkinobho ingasetshenziswa ifilimu ebanzi yokugcina izithombouthathe imivimbo emikhulu. Fit futhi usika izikhwama zepulasitiki.
Ideal - Izinto ezikhethekile ze-polyethylene noma i-isolon ekhonza njenge-substrate ye-linoleum ne-laminate.
Lezi zinto azizona ezinobuthi, zinezici ezinhle kakhulu zokushisa ukushisa, ukuhlinzeka nge-microclimate enhle yezolimo.
Ukutshala izitshalo zokutshala izitshalo zeqanda enkonzweni kunezinzuzo zayo:
- umnotho nokutholakala kwempahla;
- ukuhluma noma iyiphi inamba yembewu;
- efanelekayo imbewu ngenani eliphezulu lokulahla;
- ifilimu igcina ukushisa nokunyakaza;
- ikhulile izitshalo azihlupheki ku-blackleg ne-root root.
Le ndlela inesidingo: ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanyisa amahlumela angase alula kakhulu. Emva kokuvela kwala maqabunga amaqabunga kufanele udibe, ngakho-ke ngaphandle komsebenzi ongcolile nomhlabathi awukwazi ukwenza.
Buka ividiyo ngokuhlwanyela ama-eggplant enkonzweni:
Isitshalo seqanda emanzini: ukutshala izithombo
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu ingaphathwa nge-stimulator yokukhula, kodwa abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukusebenzisa izinto ezimile. Ifilimu noma izinto ezivimbayo zihlukaniswa zibe yizingxenye eziyi-15 cm. Inombolo yamateyipu incike ekutheni uhlala kanjani.
3-4 izingxenye zephepha zangasese zifakwa phezu kwefilimu.iyanamanzi ngesixazululo se-aqueous of water stimulant noma efudumele distilled. Emaphethelweni wephepha zibekwe imbewu ye-eggplant ebangeni lika 2 cm komunye nomunye. Kudingekile ukushiya umugqa wamahhala ngenhla nangaphansi (1 no-5 cm, ngokulandelana). Imbewu ihlanganiswa enye ingqimba yephepha bese ihlanzwa ngamanzi avela ebhodleleni le-spray.
I-Ribbon enezinhlamvu kanye nesendlalelo sephepha yi-roll esontekile futhi efakwe kwi-pallet. Ngaphansi kwesidingo sokungena ukuze indebe ivele. Inkohlakalo ifakwa endaweni efudumele, inzalo epholile ingabola.
Ama-eggplants ahlume ngokushesha, amahlumela avela emva kwezinsuku ezingu-4-5. Ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela avele, umqulu awuhambisani., phezulu kwamaphepha asetsheni efafazwe umhlaba, exutshwe nama-humus noma i-peat.
Inhlabathi ikhiphelwa ngamanzi afudumele ngokucophelela, khona-ke i-tape igcwele futhi. Umnumzane ngokungezwa komhlaba kuvela kakhulu. Ifakwa efaleni futhi ifakwe ilanga elikhanyayo. Ngokuntuleka kwayo kokukhanyisa okungenzeka okufakelwayo.
Uma lo mbhangqwana wokuqala weqiniso uhamba uvela ezindlebeni, ungadonsa ezitsheni ezihlukene.
Ukuze izimbiza ezilungisiwe ifilimu efanelekayo esetshenziselwa izinkinobho. Ihlanganiswa ngesimo sekomishi, ingxenye engezansi ivuliwe, bese ihlanganiswa nomuntu othakazelisayo.
Izinkomishi zigcwele inhlabathi, isithombo seqanda sesitshalo seqanda sifakwa ngasinye bese sifafazwa ngamanzi. Uma uguqula emibhedeni, i-mountings ingasuswa, i-ifilimu ingavulwa, kanti isithombo esinama clod asemhlabeni angabekwa emgodini olungiselelwe.
Izinkomishi ze-Peat azifisi., izimpande ezibuthakathaka zezitshalo ngeke zikwazi ukungena ezindongeni ezincane ngemva kokufakelwa kabusha. Abanye balimi benza ngaphandle kokukhipha, ukuhambisa izithombo ezincane ezitshalwe endaweni yokushisa.
Izithombo zezitshalo zokutshala isitshalo seqanda kufanele zibe namandla, ziluhlaza okwesitshalo, hhayi ngaphezulu. Lokhu kubukeka kwezithombo kuqinisekiswa yizo zonke izindlela ezihlongozwayo.
Ungakhetha okulungile ngesipiliyoni, indlela ngayinye inebalandeli bayo abaqotho. Ukuhlakulela usebenzisa ifilimu, iphepha lezindlu zangasese noma amaphilisi e-peat nakho kufanelekile kwezinye izitshalo: ukhukhamba, utamatisi, i-zucchini, i-pepper.
Izinto eziwusizo
Funda ezinye izihloko mayelana nokukhula nokunakekela izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda:
- Zonke izici zokuhlwanyela ngokwezikhalenda zenyanga.
- Imithetho yegolide yokukhula kusuka enzalweni.
- Izici zokulima ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseRussia: ema-Urals, eSiberia nasesifundazweni saseMoscow.
