Uma ukutshala isitshalo seqanda kufanele ucabange ngezici ezimbalwa zayo: kuyinto ekhetheke kakhulu ngokushisa nokukhanya.
Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya liwela phansi ngaphansi kuka-+20 degrees, yonke inqubo yomsebenzi wayo obalulekile (ukukhula, izithelo ezithengiswayo) iyanciphisa kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iyama ngokuphelele.
Ukushisa okungaphansi kuka-+15 degrees kuholela ekuweleni kombala ne-ovary. Umthunzi wezihlahla eziseduze, izihlahla, ukuhlwanyela kakhulu, amafu ahlala isikhathi eside - konke lokhu kungancipha kancane, futhi kuholele ekunciphiseni ubukhulu bezithelo ngisho nokuvunwa okuphansi.
Izinsuku zokufika
Ama-eggplants atshalwa ngokusebenzisa izithombo kanye ngqo ensimini, kuye ngokuthi umbuso wokushisa wesifunda. Uma uhlwanyela imbewu yokutshala isitshalo seqanda kuyadingeka ukuba ucabange ukuthi ngisho nokunakekelwa okufanele, it ukukhula kuthatha isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile isitshalo sitshalwe ngokusebenzisa izithombo.
Imbewu yokuhlwanyela ihlwanyelwa izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kokufakelwa ngokuqondile emhlabathini ovulekilei.e. ngoFebhuwari nangoMashi.
Uma utshale ama-eggplant maphakathi no-Mashi, ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela avele, adinga ukunikeza ukukhanya okungeziwe ngezibani ze-fluorescent kuze kube ku-watts angu-80 emandleni ngaphambi kokushayela (cishe inyanga).
Baxhunyiwe ngezinga elide ebangeni lika-50 cm kusuka ezitshalweni futhi baxhunywe emahoreni angu-8-20, futhi ebusuku kufanele bavaliwe.
Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala zivuthiwe ngokulinganisa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-90. Izimbali zenzeka ezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-+20 degrees emva kwezinsuku ezingu-40, futhi ungakwazi ukuvuna isitshalo sokuqala kwezinye izinsuku ezingu-30-32.
Ukulungiselela ukutshala izithombo
Amathangi okufika
Amandla okutshala izithombo zeqanda noma yikuphi okufanelekile.
Umoya nomswakama kudlula phakathi kwe-peat base kahle, engavumeli umswakama obusile ukuba uhlale.
Futhi ukutshala isitshalo seqanda izithombo sebenzisa kahle izindebe zeplastiki noma amakhasethi akhethekile. Ukuzijabulisa kutholakala ukuthi imbewu ngayinye iyingxenye ehlukile futhi akudingeki ukuba idonsele, kuphephile ukudlulisela endlini ukuya ensimini, izimo ezifanayo zidalwa isitshalo ngasinye.
Uma kungekho okunye okungenhla, ke etshalwe ngamathreyi noma amabhokisi ane-dive eqhubekayo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lolu msebenzi luholela ekulimaleni okungenakugwema ohlelweni oluyisisekelo esingasetshenziswanga nokukhula kancane, uma nje isitshalo singaguli.
Indlela yokulungisa inhlabathi yezitshalo zeqanda?
Ukuze ulungiselele inhlabathi ukuze uqhubeke nokutshala izithombo, kuyadingeka ngaphambi kwekwindla ukumba ingadi ukuze iyenze ku-1 sq.m. 4 kg we-humus ne-500 g we-superphosphate.
Engeza 100 - 150 g we-chloride ye-potassium.
Kunconywa ukuba ufike endaweni yasendaweni esedlule engakapheli amabili, kodwa mhlawumbe iminyaka emithathu.
Umhlabathi wezithombo ngezandla zabo
Ngokusekelwe ebhakedeni elilodwa, izingxenye ezine ze-peat zixutshwe, izingxenye ezintathu zama-humus noma umquba, isihlabathi somfula sisetshenziselwa ukubeka ingxenye eyodwa. Uma ingxube isilungile, kunezinhlamvu ezi-3 ze-superphosphate kanye nengilazi yezinkuni zengezwa kuso (isigamu sendebe se-potassium sulfate sizosebenza). Bese uhlanganise ingxube elandelayo.
Ukuze ukuphuza akugezi inhlabathi, kusukela ebusweni bomhlaba kuya emaphethelweni angaphezulu kwebhokisi shiya igebe elifinyelela ku-2 cm.
Ukulungiselela imbewu ye-eggplant yokuhlwanyela izithombo
Cabanga ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani imbewu yokutshala izitshalo zeqanda?
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu kudingekile ukuba kwenziwe ukucubungula kokuqalaukuthuthukisa ukuhluma. Okokuqala udinga ukufeza inqubo yezinhlamvu zokubulala amagciwane. Iyenziwa ngokusebenzisa isisombululo sama-manganese-acid potassium imizuzu engu-25.
Khona-ke imbewu ihlanzwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile futhi ifakwa emaphaketheni emigqonyeni endishini enekhambi lezakhi ngosuku olulodwa. Ihlanganisa: 1 litre lamanzi, igcwele ama-25-28 degrees, 1 tsp. nitrofoski (uma kungenjalo, ungashintsha i-nitrophore nge-wood ash noma i-sodium humate).
Le nqubo kusiza ukuhluma okusheshayo kwembewu kanye nokwanda okusheshayo kokuvuna kokuqala esikhathini esizayo.
Lapho izikhumba zembewu zihamba ngendlela yokugcoba ngesisombululo somsoco, zidinga ukususwa futhi zifakwe kancane ngamanzi. Khona-ke izinsuku ezingu-1-2 ekushiseni kwama-degrees angu-30 ngaphambi kokuhluma kwembewu ukushintsha epulatifeni.
Izimpahla kufanele zigcinwe ezinomanzi. Uma kwenzeka imbewu etshalwe isitshalo seqanda izitshalo kakade zihluma, khona-ke amahlumela angalindelwa kakade ngosuku lwesihlanu noma lwesithupha.
Imbewu uma kudingeka kungenziwa lukhuni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, badinga emva kwesisombululo sezakhi sokushintshela eshefini esezansi sesiqandisisi (2-5 degrees) izinsuku ezingu-2, bese usu-1 usuku ukubeka endaweni efudumele (ama-degrees angu-18), bese uphinde ubuyele esiqandisini izinsuku ezimbili.
Uma ukulungiswa kwembewu ye-eggplant yokutshala ezitshalweni kwaphumelela, khona-ke amathuba okuthola ukwanda okuhle kokuvuna.
Dive
Izithombo ze-isitshalo seqanda zingatshalwa noma ngaphandle kokudonsa. Izitshalo se-isitshalo seqanda ukudlulisela kakhulu ukukhetha, njengoba uhlelo lwempande lubucayi kakhulu futhi lungabuyiselwa kahle. Kodwa uma kunesidingo sokungena ngekusasa, isibonelo, azikho izimbiza ezengeziwe zokutshala, ngakho-ke imithetho ethile kumele ilandelwe.
Ngenkathi izithombo zisesiteji sokukhula, saso wathela umanyolo omncane emmpandeni esikhundleni samanzi.
Ngendwangu yesithombo, izitsha zokutshala zigcwele ingxube ye-7 cm yenhlabathi, bese ihlanganiswa futhi ihlanganiswe kancane. Imifula yenziwa kude 5-6 cm kusuka komunye nomunye ngo-1-1.5 cm ngokujula, ichitheka ngamanzi, khona-ke imbewu ifakwa kubo ebangeni eli-2 cm komunye nomunye.
Okulandelayo, ama-grooves alala futhi ahlanganiswe kancane. Izitshalo eziphezulu ezigcwele ingilazi noma ifilimu ukugcina umswakama nokushisa (ngokwesilinganiso, ama-20-26 degrees). Amahlumela azovela ngosuku lwama-6-10.
Emva kokuhluma amagciwane, ingilazi noma ifilimu kumele isuswe futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya ekamelweni kufanele linciphise. Phakathi nosuku phakathi nesonto ukusekelwa kuphakathi kuka-+17 degrees, futhi ebusuku + degrees 14.
Khona-ke izinga lokushisa liphakanyiswa phakathi nosuku ukuya ku-+27 degrees, futhi ebusuku kuya ku-+14 degrees. Lesi simo sezulu sithandeka ekuthuthukiseni izimpande futhi silungiselela izithombo zezulu. Ukuzikhandla kuzosiza lesi sitshalo ukuba sibhekane nokucindezeleka okuncane futhi kulula ukuxazulula.
Ukunisela, ukugqoka nokukhanyisa
Izinsuku eziyishumi zokuqala udinga ukwenza ukuphuza okungaphezu kwesonto ngesonto, ukuphuza njalo kuzokwenza buthaka. Amanzi angcono afudumele ama degree angu-25-28. Uma kunokwenzeka, ngaphambi kokusuka kokuqala, sebenzisa isipirisi ukuze ungagcini imbewu futhi ungabonakali izimpande.
Kudingeka gwema ukuchelela amaqabunga ekutheniKubangela izifo ze-fungal. Amahlumela okuvimbela adinga ukuthululela isixazululo esipinki se-potassium permanganate. Esikhathini esizayo, izithombo ze-isitshalo seqanda zidinga ukuphuza kaningi njengoba isisindo soma.
Ukuntula umswakama kuholela ekugqibeleni kwe-stem nokunciphisa isivuno. Izimbiza ze-Peat zingcono kakhulu ezifakwe kuma-coasters ezidinga ukugcwaliswa ngezikhathi ezithile ngamanzi njengoba zikhukhula.
Kubalulekile! Kudingekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi apheli - ukubola kwezimpande kungenzeka. Amanzi kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi ahlukanisiwe noma amanzi.
Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa ngosuku lwama-7-10 emva kokuhluma, futhi esimweni sokudilika - ezinsukwini ezingu-10-12 emva kwalolu hlelo. Izitshalo kufanele ziqukathe i-phosphorus ukwakha uhlelo lwempande. Bese ukhiqiza izithombo zingapheli izinsuku eziyi-7-10 ukuvuselela isitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ukutshala okudingekayo ngokuphuza.
Ukuze izithombo zikhule kahle, ungadluleli ngokweqile futhi ungabi buthakathaka, yena ukukhanya okudingekayo okudingekayo. Ungasebenzisa i-phytolamps noma i-luminescent. Kufanele ishintshwe kusukela ngo-8 kuya ku-20 ntambama kufike ku-50 cm.
Ukuze isitshalo sesitshalo seqanda esikhathini esizayo singase sijabulele isitshalo, ukuphuza okunye okufakwe ngamanyolo, kanye ngenyanga, ufafaze izinkuni. Amanzi ekuseni, nika izithombo ezinzima.
Ukutshala izithombo emgwaqweni kunomusa ngoMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJune - lokhu kuxhomeke ngqo ekutshalweni kwembewu. Qonda ukuthi ilungile uma uneziqephu zangempela ezingu-12 ezenziwe kuso. It itshalwe ensimini eneqhwa elinomsoco emhlabeni kusukela ebhodweni.
Uma kwenziwa kahle, izinyanga ezintathu emva kokuvela kwezithombo, izithombo zilungele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Izinto eziwusizo
Funda ezinye izihloko mayelana nokukhula nokunakekela izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda:
- Izindlela ezehlukene zokulima: ezibhebhethini ze-peat, enkonzweni nasemaphepheni angasese.
- Zonke izici zokuhlwanyela ngokwezikhalenda zenyanga.
- Imithetho yegolide yokukhula kusuka enzalweni.
- Izici zokulima ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseRussia: ema-Urals, eSiberia nasesifundazweni saseMoscow.
