Ukuhlakulela ama-eggplants kuye kwacatshangwa njalo ngabalimi njengendlela yokuhlola ikhono. Isiko esithisa ukushisa singenasisekelo, sikhethekile, sidinga ukunakekelwa njalo.
Kodwa-ke, ukuvela kwezinhlobo ezintsha nezinhlamvu, izindlela zanamuhla zobuchwepheshe bezolimo zenza ukuba sikhule isitshalo seqanda ngaphandle kokushiya indlu.
Izinhlobo ezitshalo zeqanda ezizenzelayo
- I-Diamond. I-glossy, ne-pulp eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngaphandle kokufutheka.
- I-Albatross. Iphatha isikhathi sonyaka.
- I-Afghan ebomvu. I-Ultrafast. Isikhathi sokukhula - izinsuku ezingu-100 kusukela kumahlumela okuqala. Amafomu emabhulabhisi omzimba, obomvu, izithelo ezincane.
- A-163 okunambitheka. Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala. Izithelo zokuqala zisuswe emva kwezinsuku ezingu-115-125 emva kokuhluma.
- Ngaphambi kokuqala 921. Izinhlobonhlobo eziningi.
- Lolita. I-Hybrid. Kunconywe ukutshala okunwetshiwe kanye nobusika-entwasahlobo.
- I-Maikop -15. Ukudlela okuya khona, okuphakathi kwesikhathi.
- I-Solaris. Ukumelana nokushisa okushisa. Izithelo ezinhle zihlanganisa.
- I-Universal 6. Izithelo zifakwe njengezibuko zesikhumba esimnyama, esicishe sibe mnyama.
Izindlela ezimbili zokukhula efasiteleni
Ukukhulisa
- I-autumn efakwe endaweni evulekile, ezihlahleni eziphansi lapho i-ovary ehlala emibhoshini engekho ngaphansi kwamalitha angu-5 futhi ibuyiselwe kabusha efulethini.
- Inhlabathi emgodleni webhodlela ngasezindongeni. Uphuze kahle. Unqume iziqu ezengeziwe namaqabunga, gqoka i-sill evikelwe ezikrinini.
- Kuze kube yilapho isitshalo sithatha izimpande, ihlanzwa njalo futhi iphuziswa.
- Okulandelayo, kutshalwa njengezitshalo zeqanda izitshalo ezikhulile.
- Ukukhula kuqhubeka izinyanga ezingu-1-3.
Imbewu yokutshala isitshalo seqanda kusuka ekhaya
Ukulungiselela imbewu:
- Bamba ukukhipha omisiwe, ezilimele, imbewu encane.
- Isikhwama sembewu ukhethe izithelo ezithambile ezivuthiwe ngokugcwele. Sika ezinhlangothini eziningana zesikhathi eside. I isipuni sokususa ngokucophelela imbewu. Omile.
- Imbewu engahlanjululwa kumele kuhlanzwe. Ukwenza lokhu, lungiselela isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate kanye nembewu ye-pickle kuyo imizuzu engu-20-30.
- Gcoba imbewu endwangu emanzi.. Shiya ukuhluma endaweni efudumele.
Kubalulekile! Qaphela lapho uthenga imbewu esitolo. Hlola usuku lokuphela kwesikhathi. Khumbula ukuthi imbewu etholakala ezitshalweni zazo ihlala isebenza iminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka emine.
Umhlaba. Lungisa inhlabathi yokutshala. Indawo yaseJalimane, egibele kanye ne-lowland peat ixubene ngamasheya alinganayo. Ingxube igcwele izimbiza ezilungiselelwe, izinkomishi. Wathwala isisombululo esibomvu se-potassium permanganate. Shiya umhlaba ukuze uhlale futhi uchithe.
Kubalulekile! Ukutshala kwalesi siko se-solanaceous sikhula kancane. Bala izinsuku zokufika ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi izithelo zivuthwe ngokuphelele ezinsukwini 130-160 emva ukuhluma.
Isithombo. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwama-20-25 ° C kusengaphambili, imbewu ehlwanyelwe ihluma ngezinsuku ezingu-3-5, engezange ihlume - emavikini amabili. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, isikhathi sokuvela kwamahlumela senyuke ngezinsuku ezingu-10-15.
Lapho kuvela amahlumela amahlumela agqoke amafasitela sillsebheke eningizimu, eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Amafasitela akhanjiswa. Ngaphansi kwezimbiza zifaka ibhodi, ishidi lamaplastiki.
Baqaphela umswakama nokushisa kwenhlabathi emabhokisini. Amanzi ngamanzi afudumele.. Lapho kunamanzi amaningi, izithombo zomhlabathi ezibandayo zibola. Ngokuntuleka komswakama kubuna, kuyoma.
Isitshalo seqanda esaba ama-drafts, ngisho nomoya ovuthayo uholela ekufeni kwezithombo. Lapho ama-eggplants akhula eduze nokushisa amabhethri, akhulisa umswakama emoyeni ngokupuniza izihlahla ezivela ebhodleleni le-spray.
Uma ama-eggplant ehlwanyelwe ebhokisini, dive.
Emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga e-cotyledon, amahlumela nge-clod yomhlaba asetshalwe ngokucophelela zibe iziqukathi ezinkulu. Uma uhlelo lwempande lonakaliswa lapho kukhethwa, lisekela izitshalo nge-stimulator yokukhula kaKornevin.
Ukukhula okusebenzayo nokubeka ama-ovari Ama-eggplant adinga ukukhanya nokushisa amahora angu-12-14 ngosuku.
Izibani ezikhethekile zezitshalo ze doshochivaniya zihleliwe ekuphakameni kuka-15-40 cm kusukela ezitshalweni.
Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Mashi, izithombo zivaliwe nge-greenhouse mini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ucingo noma izinsika zakha ifreyimu futhi zimbozwe ngefilimu enzima. Esikhathini sokushisa, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ku + 20-25 ° С esimweni sezulu esishisayo, + 17 ° С ezinsukwini ezinamafu, + 14-17 ° С ebusuku.
Izitshalo se-isitshalo seqanda ukondla kanye ngezinsuku ezingu-7-10 noma yikuphi umquba owenziwe ngamanzi omhlaba wonke oncike kwi-biohumus noma i-droppings ye-bird ehlanjululwayo, i-mullein, i-compost ephukile. Isikhathi sokugcina ngaphambi kokutshala kabusha senza umanyolo ogcwele ombumbulu. Ukutshala izitshalo kuhambisana nokuchelela okuningi.
Dlulisa izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda eneminyaka engama-70-80 emva kokuba izimbiza zigcwele ngokuphelele izimpande. Ukuze izithombo zasekwindla ziyizinkulungwane zokuqala zikaMashi. Khetha amahlumela okungenani amaqabunga angu-8 weqiniso kanye namafihlethi 2-3.
Izimbiza zokukhula njalo kufanele zibe ububanzi buka-20-25 cm, ukujula kwamakhasethi, amabhokisi 15-20 cm.
Umhlabathi we-eggplant omdala okhulayo uxubaniswe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo zeshlabathi, i-peat, i-sod. Ngaphansi kwe-tank ngayinye kwabeka ama-5-7 amagranule womanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wohlobo lwe "Ispolin", i-superphosphate ukuze kusebenze ama-ovari.
Emakhasethi, izimbiza, amabhakede, amaqanda okutshala amaqanda atshalwe phakathi, kanti ama-25-30 cm asele emabhokisini phakathi kwezitshalo.
Ngesilinganiso esanele somhlaba noma uma kwenzeka ukutshala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ukukhula kwezithombo kuyayeka, izimpande zibe zibomvu.
Kulesi simo, lesi sitshalo siphinde sithathwe emithonjeni ngo 2-3 cm esiphezulu kulawo angaphambilini, umanyolo wezolimo utamatisi nesitshalo seqanda, isibonelo, i-Senor Tomato ifakwe emhlabathini.
Ilinde isivuno
Ama-eggplants asetshenziselwa isidlo esikhulu abonakala emafasiteleni eminyakeni eyishumi kaFebhuwari.
Ukuphuza njalo. Kusukela ngoMeyi - nsuku zonke. Inhlabathi kufanele ihlale imanzi njalo.
Ngokuntuleka kobumswakama izitshalo zizoqala ukuphonsa imbali efihlekile kanye nama-ovari, ukunambitheka kuyonakele, ukufutheka kuzovela.
Ngokukhula okusheshayo, iziqongo zeziqu ze-lateral zikhonjiwe. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, uthele u-2-3 cm wenhlabathi entsha kuya neziqu. Lapho ama-ovari eqala ukwakha, inqubo iphindaphindiwe.
Impova yokufakelwa eyenziwa uma izithelo ziboshwe ngendlela engasebenzi, kancane kancane.. Izitshalo zezimbali zidonsa ngokucophelela, thepha ku-stem ngeminwe yakho noma udlulise impova kusuka embuzweni owodwa kuya kwesinye ngebhashi.
Izithelo zokuphepha okungcono zinqunywe ngommese. Izithelo ezingu-20-35 ezinesisindo esingama-50-150 g zivunwa ehlathini. Uma zifuna ukuthola izithelo ezinkulu zamaqabunga, zisusa ingxenye yama-ovari, zishiya ama-eggplant angu-4 kuya kwesitshalo esisodwa.
Indlela yokukhulisa ama-eggplants ebhodini:
- Emabhaloni angenalutho, loggias, ama-verandas ama-eggplants asekhulile ahlala ngasekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
- Ukushisa kwekamelo kufanele kube ngaphakathi kuka-23-28 ° C.
- Banikeza ilungiselelo elinjalo lezitshalo ukuze nikwazi ukudlula ngokukhululekile phakathi kwezihlahla ngaphandle kokuthinta amaqabunga namameva.
Isitshalo seqanda endlini yangasese
Abanikazi bezindlu zangasese banethuba lokutshala ama-eggplants unyaka wonke ezindaweni zokugcina ezifudumele, ukuthola isivuno esihle.
- Izithombo zezitshalo zikhulile efesiteleni.
- Ukutshala amaqabunga e-greenhouse endaweni engapheliyo, izithombo zitshalwe emithonjeni yokujula okuphakathi, zichithe ngamanzi afudumele, zihlanganiswe ngendwangu encane ye-peat.
- Shiya 50 cm phakathi kwehlathi.
- Ama-eggplants ku-greenhouse adinga udaba olucebile oluphilayo, inhlabathi elula. Ama-Agronomists ancoma ukuxuba inhlabathi evamile engadini, i-rotted compost, i-peat, umquba, izithasiselo ezithukululayo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi iyashisa ngo 18-20 ° C.
- Ngokulandela ama-eggplants ungatshali ezinye izitshalo. Okuhlukile yizinhlobo ezincane zezamatamatisi.
- Esikhathini sokushisa kubamba i-microclimate njalo: ukushisa komusi +28, ebusuku + 12 ° С. Ukushisa okushisa ngaphezu kwe-35 ° C kuyingozi kumasiko.
- Ungavumeli umswakama wehla. Ukuqeda umswakama oqedile, ngokucophelela ventilate the greenhouse emva kokunisela ngamunye.
- Isikhathi sokuqala emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo, ama-eggplants ayanisela ngosuku lwesihlanu, bese kuthi nsuku zonke. Ukunisela kuyenzeka ekuseni, ngaphansi kwempande, ngamanzi anezinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwama-25 ° C.
- Ngokuvamile ungakhululeki kalula, faka umlenze wezimpande.
Amathiphu asebenzayo we-isitshalo seqanda esikhulayo:
Ukugqoka okuphezulu ezimweni zokushisa
Lapho ukhula isitshalo seqanda greenhouse Umanyolo usebenzise okungenani izikhathi ezingu-3-5 ngesinye isikhathi. Okokuqala, i-phosphorus-potassium, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-nitrogen-phosphate esebenza kahle.
Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa emasontweni amabili emva kokufakelwa izitshalo, lapho izimpande ziqothuka, zizoqala ukuthatha izakhi.
Uma izitshalo zingaqhubeki kahle, zihlanjululwa ngesisombululo se-boric acid. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amagremu ama-5 wezindaba ezomile ahlakazwa ngamalitha angu-5 amanzi ashisayo.
Nge-foliation ngokweqile, ukwakheka okweqile kobumnyama kwenza ama-potassium compounds. Izihlahla ezigulayo, ezibuthakathaka zisekelwa ngamalungiselelo anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen.
Izifo
Isitshalo seqanda esitshalwe ekhaya kanye nokugcina izithombo zasebusika zikwazi ukungena e-fusarium wilt, ukulimaza, ukusabalalisa umbala.
Ukwelashwa kuyendabuko:
- Ukuze ukwelashwa phytophthora isitshalo seqanda ezihlabayo kusihlwa okufakwe ngamalungiselelo enethusi, isibonelo, isisombululo se-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (0.2%).
- Ukuze kuvikelwe umongo, ukuphawula, sula amaqabunga okutshala isitshalo seqanda ngobisi obuhlanjululwe ngobisi.
Izinambuzane
Lapho ukhula isitshalo seqanda ekhaya I-Whitefly, isicabucabu se-spider, i-aphid yama-orange. Ukuqeda izinambuzane, izitshalo ziphathwa ngezinambuzane ze-neonicotodine Aktara, Konfidor, Mospilan, ezinomphumela wesistimu ezitshalweni - zingene ngaphakathi, izitshalo zibuthelela emanzini, zidla lapho abantu abadala kanye nezibungu zifa khona.
Ukukhishwa kwe-garlic kusiza kusuka ku-spider mite. Elinye ingilazi ye-garlic echotshoziwe ihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Sula amaqabunga abathintekile kabili ngesonto.
Ama-eggplant akhula ekhaya, efulethini, emgodini ngumsebenzi othakazelisayo, kodwa onzima futhi ongenakukhiqiza. Ukuvuna okukhulu, ngezindleko ezifananako, kutholakala ngokulima nokutshala kwama-eggplants ezindaweni zokugcina ezivuthayo emasimini asekhaya.
Izinto eziwusizo
Funda ezinye izihloko mayelana nokukhula nokunakekela izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda:
- Izindlela ezehlukene zokulima: ezibhebhethini ze-peat, enkonzweni nasemaphepheni angasese.
- Zonke izici zokuhlwanyela ngokwezikhalenda zenyanga.
- Izici zokulima ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseRussia: ema-Urals, eSiberia nasesifundazweni saseMoscow.
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