Izingubo ezingama-Catchy zivame ezitshalweni noma ezilwaneni ezifaka ingozi kwabanye. I-Actinidia ingaphezu kwemithetho yemvelo. Lesi sitshalo esimangalisayo esikhanyayo sinamahlamvu amahle namajikijolo athambile we-emerald anezindawo zokuphulukisa futhi azoncintisana nabamele abaziwayo be-zingotic.
Ukukhula kwe-Actinidia esiFundeni saseMoscow
I-Actinidia ingumvini onobuhlakani, kodwa ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuyingqayizivele iye yasinda ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu esinamandla futhi namuhla ikhula eMpumalanga Ekude, China kanye namazwe amaningana aseCentral naseMpumalanga Asia.
I-Actinidia ingatshalwa hhayi eMpumalanga Ekude, kepha futhi nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba
Ukuthi izinhlobo ezingafani zamabhele zikhula emadolobheni amancane, sikweleta i-E.I. I-Sausage.
Kusukela ngo-1958, u-Ella Johannovna wafunda i-actinidia kanye ne-lemongrass - izitshalo zasendle zaseMpumalanga Ekude, iziqhingi zaseKuril nasePrimorye. Amasampula aqoqwa ngumcwaningi ngesimo sembewu kusuka ezithelweni zemivini yasendle futhi alethwa enhlokodolobha ngomsebenzi wokuzalela. Ngeminyaka yama-1980s, edolobhaneni laseMikhnevo, esifundeni saseStupino esifundeni saseMoscow, kwatholakala izinhlobo ezingama-27 zezitshalo ezinamalungelo okubhalwe phansi, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho zabhalwa kuRegista Yombuso yokufezekisa okukhethiwe.
Ama-Actinidia akhula kahle futhi athela izithelo hhayi empumalanga yeRussia kuphela, kodwa nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba ngenxa yabazalisi basekhaya
Ukutshala i-Actinidia
I-Actinidia ithanda inhlabathi ene-acidic ne-acidic (noma engathathi hlangothi), enamanzi kahle, kepha ngaphandle kokuqina kwamanzi. Kuyadingeka ukubeka eceleni indawo enokhanyo kahle, engcono kakhulu ohlangothini olusempumalanga futhi, uma kunokwenzeka, emthambekeni. Uma inhlabathi kule ndawo inenhlokomo, isindayo, ungangeza isihlabathi somfula kuyo.
Ama-currant bush azoba yindawo enhle yemivini, kepha kungcono ukutshala i-actinidia esihlahleni sama-apula ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ungasitshala kanjani umvini:
- Ukuze zifike, zimba izimbobo ezingamasentimitha angama-50x50 ngosayizi, ukujula kofosholo lwe-bayonet eyodwa, nengxenye yokuphumula kwamamitha ayi-1.5-2. Izithombo zezitho zobulili ezihlukile zikhethwa kusengaphambili; kungcono ukuba okungenani nezitshalo sowesifazane ezingama-3-5 ngohlobo lowesilisa.
- Okokuqala, imisele ibekwa ezansi komgodi wokufika: isitini esaphukile, ubumba oluthuthukisiwe, noma amatshe ayigugu. Inhlabathi ithululelwa ngaphezulu kokudonsa. Abalimi batusa ukuthulula indunduma, nokutshala i-actinidia kuyo. Kunengqondo ukuprakthiza uma kungekho gobho endaweni. Ngakho-ke amanzi ngeke ame futhi akhukhule izimpande.
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, i-actinidia yisithombo eniselwa kakhulu. Otshalwe emgodini, embozwe inhlabathi nazo zonke izithasiselo, unyathela kahle futhi wanisela futhi.
- Intamo yempande ayikwazi ukujula. Abalimi bancoma ukuthambisa umbuthano oseduze we-actinidia ngemuva kokutshala ngotshani obunjiwe.
Kwi-actinidia kungcono ukwenza igquma lobumba ukuze umswakama ungagxili
- Njenganoma yiliphi i-liana, i-actinidia idinga ukusekelwa kwentuthuko evamile kanye nokwenza izithelo. Kungcono ukufaka i-trellis eqinile kusengaphambili ukuze kuthi ngemuva kokutshala izitshalo zingalimazi izimpande ngokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezisekelayo.
Ijusi le-Actinidia liyindlela yokwelapha amakati, ekufuneni kwalo lapho ligaya izimpande lilimaze neziqu ezincane. Ngenkathi i-liana ikhula, kungcono ukuyivikela ezilwaneni ezinomhede wensimbi.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Ama-Actinidia athande umswakama. Ezikhathini ezomile, ngokunisela okuqondile kubalulekile - lokhu kuzosindisa umvini ekulahlekeni kwamahlamvu.
Ngenxa yobubanzi bezimpande, ukugaya okujulile kwenhlabathi ezungeze indawo yokutshala akunconywa. Ukutshala okungaphezulu kuphela kanye nokulawula ukhula kwezithombo ezincane kuyavunyelwa. Izitshalo ezikhula kakhulu zivimbela ukhula uqobo.
Lapho ukhetha ukugqoka okuphezulu, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-actinidia afakwa kumanyolo kamanyolo we-lime ne-chloride.
Isimo sezulu sesiFunda saseMoscow ngokuvamile sihle ngokutshalwa kwe-actinidia. Izinhlobo eziningi zibekezelela iqhwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga kuze kufike ku-30-35mayelanaC. Abalimi bancomela ukuhambisa izithombo ezincane kuphela; izitshalo ezindala azisuswa emigqonyeni futhi azimbozwa. Uma ngabe amahlumela athile alimala ebusika kusuka eqandeni, lapho kamuva alulama ngokushesha.
DUkuze uthole izithelo eziningi ze-actinidia, kunconywa ukusika amahlumela okweqile. Akunconyelwe ukunquma ngesikhathi sokugeleza okusebenzayo kwe-sap, lokhu kungadala ukufa kwesitshalo. Isikhathi esifanele sokuxhunyeleliswa ukuqala kwehlobo, ngaleso sikhathi ukuthenwa kucishe kungabi buhlungu kulesitshalo sikamama.
Ukuthena akunconywa hhayi kuphela ekubumbeni, kepha futhi kuthwale kangcono i-actinidia
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthengiswa okungapheli kwamajikijolo, izitshalo zabo bobabili ubulili kudingeka zitshalwe. I-Actinidia isitshalo esijabulisayo, futhi abalimi, yize babelana ngolwazi lwabo lokuvuna kusuka kwabesifazane kuphela, nokho bazi ukuthi lapho befaka abanye abesilisa, isivuno sanda kaningana.
Embuzweni ophathelene nezinhlobo ze-actinidia ezicebile, umuntu ozongena emkhakheni wezesayensi yezolimo uN.V. UKozak uphendula:
Zonke izinhlobo ze-actinidia zi-dioecious. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyo yonke impilo yesitshalo ngasinye ubulili bayo abuguquki. Ngakho-ke, izimbali zezitshalo zesifazane kufanele zifakwe impova impova yezitshalo zesilisa. Futhi yize izimbali zesifazane zinama-stamens ngama-anthers, impova yazo iyinyumba, okungukuthi, ayinakukwazi ukwenza impova yezimbali zezinye izitshalo, noma eyayo. Ngakho-ke azikho izinhlobo ezivuthiwe ngokuphelele ezifuywayo ze-actinidia colomict. Engadini ye-actinidia, kuyadingeka ukutshala, kubo bonke abesifazane besifazane abangama-5-7, imivini engu-2 yeduna (mhlawumbe yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene), futhi nohlobo oluthile, ngoba ukungcoliswa kwe-colomicta nesithembu kungenzeka kuphela ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo zazo, futhi yizinhlobo ezisondele kakhulu ze-actinidia ezilungele ukungcoliswa okubili: , giralda and nsomi.
N. Kozak, ukhetho lwezesayensi yezolimo Iphephandaba I-Kaya House No. 2 (Januwari 2016)
Uma uhlose ukusebenzisa lesi sitshalo ukuhlobisa isiza noma i-facade yendlu, akunandaba ukuthi umvini otshaliwe ubulili ubuliphi: bonke bahlukene. Okwakhiwa kwe-actinidia ngenxa yokungabikho kwezimpande zezindiza akubeki engcupheni.
Ividiyo: Ukulima kwe-Actinidia
Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-actinidia ezingatshalwa emadolobheni aphansi
Namuhla esiteshini sokukhulisa isitshalo saseMoscow, kukhiqizwe amasampula angaphezu kuka-200 e-actinidia. Ukubhaliswa Kwombuso Kwezwe LaseRussia kufaka:
- izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa (Amagilebhisi, Far East, Omningi, iNdlovukazi yeNgadi, Ipaki, Flat, Omuhle, Ohlala Ekhaya);
- ukukhula okuphakathi (iWaffle, Smooth, Nomusa, Maritsa, Coin, Early Dawn, Slasten, Magpie, Universitetskaya);
- ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile (Moma).
Ezinhlotsheni ezikhula engxenyeni yeRussia, eyokuqala etholakala i-actinidia colomicta, kusukela lapho ezinye izinhlobo zokukhetha ezifuywayo zavunwa.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziphambili ze-colomict kukhona okuqukethwe kumajikijolo awo enani elirekhodiwe le-vithamini C: isilinganiso esingu-1000-1200 mg nge-100 g.Kumajikijolo ama-blackcurrant kanye ne-raspberry wale vithamini - 100-300 no-25 mg / 100 g, ngokulandelana, kulamula - 50-70 mg Ama-Actinidia amajikijolo - ikhambi elisebenzayo lokulimala kwemisebe, okufaka isandla ekususweni kwama-radionuclides emzimbeni, ukuvimbela ukufakwa kwe-isotopes ezinomsindo ze-potassium ne-chlorine. Amajikijolo amahle kakhulu futhi ahlukahlukene ekunambithekeni kwawo. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobonhlobo ze-Lakomka neWaffelina zihlukaniswa ngephunga le-actinidium eliqinile nezithelo ezinkulu (ezifika ku-6 g). IMarmeladka inephunga eqinile le-sitrobheli, iMaritsa inezithelo ezinhle nephunga lamakhiwane. Ukunambitheka kukaphayinaphu ezinhlotsheni zikaphayinaphu, i-VIR-2, iLeningrad enezithelo ezinkulu.
Tatyana Savina //lubgazeta.ru/articles/313346.
Izinhlobo ze-actinidia ezidumile esifundeni saseMoscow - itafula
| Ama-Actinidia ahlukahlukene | Isikhathi sokuvula | Izithelo Incazelo | Izici zokunambitha |
| Ingxabano yepayinaphu | Izici ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ukumelana neqhwa ... Ukuvula akunzima. | Izithelo zi-oval, 3 cm ubude, zinombala obomvu, onephunga elimnandi kakhulu | Ukunambitheka kukaphayini obikiwe |
| Isigingci | Isikhathi sokuvuthwa esimaphakathi. Ibekezelela iqhwa elinzima. | Izithelo zi-oval, green-olive, zinamanzi, zinkulu, zinesisindo esingu-9.5 g. | Amajikijolo anambitha amnandi futhi anamakha. |
| Issai | Izithelo uvuthwe maphakathi no-Okthoba. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyazithela, zikhethwe amaJapane, kepha uma kunabavimbi abasondelene, amajikijolo makhulu. | Izithelo - i-mini-kiwi, efinyelela ku-4 cm ngosayizi, i-oval ngesimo. Umbala wezithelo uluhlaza, une-fluff yegolide. | Ukunambitha okumnandi ngoshukela, amakha. |
| Gourmet | Izola maphakathi no-Agasti. | Ukwakheka kwamajikijolo kuyinto ecylindrical, icindezelwe kancane ukusuka ezinhlangothini. Izithelo ezinombala we-olive, ezinemibala emincane. Isisindo esijwayelekile sama-amajikijolo yi-4.4 g. | Ukunambitheka kumnandi, nephunga lephayinaphu. |
| Stranger | Ukuvuthwa kokuqala. | Izithelo zingama-cylindrical, acindezelwe kancane kamuva, umbala kusuka ekukhanyeni kuya kumnqumo omnyama. Isisindo esijwayelekile samajikijolo yi-1.9 g. | Ukunambitheka okumnandi, ngamanothi wephayinaphu. |
| Magpie | Isikhathi sokuvuthwa esimaphakathi. | Izithelo zingama-cylindrical, acwebile, anesikhumba esincane. Amajikijolo anesisindo esingama-2,5 g. | Ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kumuncu ngamanothi we-apula. |
| U-Ella | Isilinganiso sokuvuthwa, izinhlobo ezivimbela isithwathwa. | Amajikijolo aluhlaza okotshani, aluhlaza cylindrical, anesisindo esingu-3 g ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo samajikijolo amakhulu afinyelela ku-5.8 g. | Amajikijolo ukunambitheka okumnandi, okumnandi nokunambitheka. |
Izinhlobo ze-actinidia: igalari yezithombe
- I-Actinidia Argument Pineapple inikeza izithelo ezi-oval ngesikhumba esibomvu
- Izithelo ze-Issai - mini-kiwi, ukuya ku-4 cm ngosayizi
- Izithelo Gourmet omnqumo onombala omncane, onesikhumba esincane, esinephunga likaphayinaphu
- Izithelo ze-Actinidia Magpie zicebile kakhulu ku-vithamini C, aze afike ku-2200 mg /%
Ukubuyekezwa
Lo nyaka uhambe ngezindawo ezizalela i-actinidia. UKolomikt uthole ithuba lokuzama eMikhnevo e-MOVIR, futhi bekunesifiso sokuthi angaphinde amthathe emlonyeni wakhe futhi, akanambitha. Ngale ndodana uKlbasina, eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule, wangiqinisekisa ukuthi ikholomu iyona efaneleke kakhulu nge-actinidia, engingayiboni njengengalungile ngokuphelele, ngoba eMoscow State University ngazama ikholomu yokunambitha kwamagilebhisi isikhathi eside (ngalowo mbono omusha). Ngizamile Izimpikiswano kulo Mfumfu (October) engadini yezitshalo yaseKenya futhi ngizobe sengithandile ukube bekungeyona eka-Issaya, manje osevuthiwe nami futhi ungikhumbuza ngempela nge-marmalade emnandi. Izimboni ze-actinidia argut ezivela eMelika nazo zathola ithuba lokuzama iminyaka embalwa edlule zilandelana. Yize imnandi, inamanothi we-turpentine ngokunambitheka, okuyinto engemnandi kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, munye kuphela kubo owile othandweni, futhi ukungabaza kuyahlasela, mhlawumbe kungabekwa i-gooseberry endaweni yayo?
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=3667&st=40
Ngombono wami, ukusinda kwe-colomictic akuxhomekile ezinhlobonhlobo, kepha phansi, yebo. Izinhlamvu zabesilisa zinethenda ethe xaxa. Ngikhula kuma-Palmette kanye ne-iron trellis ohlangothini oluseningizimu mpumalanga yendlu. Ngokuya ngezidingo eziphansi zenhlabathi nobuchwepheshe bezolimo obuyisisekelo, isiko lama-colomics, ngokungafani ne-arguta, alidali zinkinga. Yonke imininingwane edingekayo ingatholwa kalula ngemisebenzi kaE. I. Kolbasina neN.V. U-Kozak, kanye nenethiwekhi yokuthunyelwe okuningi kwesisebenzi saseBelarusian uS.F. Nedyalkov.
umzimba//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=810
Ngifuna ukujoyina bonke abalandeli be-actinidia. Kusukela ngo-2000, bengilokhu ngikhula izinhlobo ezi-3 ze-actinidia colomict: i-Pavlovskaya, Septhemba nezinye ezinye ezingaziwa. Futhi umfana ohambisana nokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene nakho akwaziwa. Iningi njengePavlovskaya yokukhula okuvinjelwe, izitshalo ezinkulu ezinzile nezithelo ezinkulu. Uma sikuqhathanisa neSentyabrskaya, okuyinto, kubonakala sengathi, inamandla amakhulu ekukhuleni kunoPavlovskaya, khona-ke owokuqala uhlala ebuka ukungcoliswa kwezimbali ngazinye. Izithelo zihlukahlukene kakhulu, okungenakushiwo ngePavlovskaya, lapho wonke amajikijolo emunye. Zonke izindengezo zabesifazane zangena phakathi kwezimbali zesitshalo sowesilisa ngenkathi yezimbali ... Futhi kulo nyaka, ezinye izinhlobo ezintathu ze-colomicta zatshalwa: iChampion, iGourmand nePamyat Kolbasina. Cishe i-15galut (ngomqondo obanzi) nesithembu nazo zitshaliwe, kodwa kusesekuseni kakhulu ukukhuluma ngazo.
Foxbane//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=810
I-Actinidia yavela emadolobheni amancane futhi yasakaza ukubonga kwabathakazelayo, ikhula ngemizamo yabahlali basehlobo kanye nabalimi bezentengiselwano, futhi abaningi sebevele babona ukunambitheka okumnandi kwalawa majikijolo.
