Ukutshala imifino ebamba lokushisa - indlela elula futhi ephumelelayo unikeze umndeni wakho ngemikhiqizo ebalulekile futhi ewusizo. Iningi labanikazi bepulazi isebenzisa izithombo zokugcina kanye zokugcina izithombo entwasahlobo nasekwindla, okwandisa isivuno kuze kube seqhwa.
Kodwa-ke, indawo yokushisa efudumele ifakwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho. kuzosiza ukuqoqa imifino emisha ngisho nobusikalapho amavithamini adingeka kakhulu. I-greenhouse iyokuvumela ukuba uhola ngemifino ekhulayo ngenkathi ebandayo, lapho ukufunwa kwabo kuphakeme kakhulu. Indlela yokutshala imifino endaweni yokushisa ebusika, cabanga ngezansi.
Izidingo zokushisa
Indlela yokuhlomisa ukushisa ukushisa imifino ekhulayo ebusika? Ukwakha u-greenhouse unyaka wonke, kubalulekile ukugcina zonke izimo zokukhula kwezitshalo eziphumelelayo: ukuhlinzeka izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, ukukhanya kwelanga, kungenzeka ukuhamba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukubala izindleko zokushisa nokukhanyisa ukushisa ukuze kungabikho izinzuzo zemifino yasebusika.
Unyaka wokushisa obanzi ngonyaka kumele abe nesisekelo esiqinile. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphakama okufunayo kwezitshalo, ungakwazi ukujula kancane isakhiwo. Leziqhinga ezincane zizosiza ukusindisa ekushiseni futhi ungalahleki ukukhanya kwemvelo okudingekayo.
Kungcono ukutshala imifino endaweni yokushisa ephakathi, kuze kufike kumamitha angu-20 ubude no 2.5-3 m ububanzi. Ukwakhiwa kwephahla oluhle - i-pitch single. Udonga olusenyakatho lungenziwa ngamatshe e-slag noma ibha lezinkuni, livikele izitshalo kusukela emoyeni wasebusika. I-greenhouse kufanele ibe nemasango kanye neminyango emibili. Kuyadingeka kakhulu umoya wokuqhuma umoya.
Ngokuvamile iningi lokugcina izitshalo zokugcina izitshalo zenziwe ngesikhumba esinezikhukhula ngezingubo zokuvimbela ukubola. Isisekelo esinjalo sizohlala iminyaka eminingi, ukushisa okushisa kuyoba okuqinile futhi okuthembekile. Njengengubo yokugqoka, ungasebenzisa i-polyethylene encane noma ingilazi yezimboni ezimisiwe. Kodwa izinga eliphezulu kakhulu futhi eliphezulu izinto - i-polycarbonate yeselula. Idlulisela kahle ukukhanya futhi igcina ukushisa ngisho nasebandleni ezinzima kakhulu.
Amapayipi afanelekayo okushisa afakwe ezinhlangothini zombili zokushisa. Umthombo wokushisa uzoba ibhuyili kagesi. Ungashisa isakhiwo nezitofu zanamuhla zokhuni ezigcina uphethiloli.
Ukwandisa izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwebamba lokushisa kuzosiza futhi i-biofuel - umquba obolileexutshwe ngotshani. Ingxube ibonakala ngaphansi koqweqwe oluphezulu lwenhlabathi. I-biofuel ifanele ukukhuphula ukhukhamba, ama-radishes nezinye izitshalo ezifuna ukushisa ngokukhethekile.
Ukukhethwa kwemifino
Esikhathini sokushisa okubusika kungaba ukutshala noma yikuphi izitshalo, kusukela utamatisi odumile kuya ekhanda le-ulethisi nemifino ebabayo. Phakathi kwemifino ethandwa kakhulu futhi enezithelo:
- ukhukhamba;
- utamatisi;
- isithombo;
- iklabishi ulethisi;
- ama-eggplant;
- ikhasi elimnandi;
- izinhlobo ezahlukene zeklabishi;
- zucchini.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izitshalo zinezidingo ezihlukene zomswakama nokushisa, ngakho-ke kudingeka zifakwe ezindaweni zokugcina zokugcina. Isibonelo Utamatisi kanye nama-pepper amnandi zidinga umswakama olinganiselayo (hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-60%) nokuvama njalo. Le medi ingalimaza ukhukhamba, okudinga umoya omanzi neshisayo.
Esikhathini esibandayo, umphumela wokushisa obuningi obunomswakama ophezulu ulula ukulondoloza.
Ukukhetha izinhlobo kudingekile ukunikeza okuthandwa yizinhlamvukutshalwa ngokuqondile emhlabathini ovaliwe. Lezi zitshalo zinesikhathi esifushane sokukhula; asidingi impova ngezinambuzane. Izinhlobo eziningi zokushisa zinezivuno ezinhle kanye nezinambuzane zokuphikisa.
Ukulungiselela isithombo
Abanye balimi bathenga izithombo ezimakethe nakwamanye amapulazi. Kodwa khula izithombo zakho kusuka eningi imbewu inzuzo engaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo ingaqaliswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, okuzoqinisekisa ukuvunwa ngonyaka.
Kungcono ukukhulisa izithombo endaweni yokushisa eyodwa noma endlini. Izimo zokuhluma imbewu zihlukile. kusukela kulabo asebekhulile khona izitshalo. Kwezinye izimo, kuyadingeka ukushisa okuphansi noma umswakama ophezulu. Enye yokushisa elungile, ungafaka izithombo zezitshalo ezahlukene ngezidingo ezifanayo zokulima.
Uma kungekho nethuba lokuhlela ukushisa okwezithombo, imbewu ingahlwanyiswa emgodini ohlukile ekamelweni elivamile, eliseduze kakhulu nezibani. Imbewu ingahluma ezinkomeni ze-peat, kodwa le ndlela ayifanele ama-eggplants nezinye izitshalo ezinezimpande ezibuthakathaka. Ukuze uthole indlela yokuthutha yokunconywa yonyaka wonke.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa njalo emavikini amabili, okwenza kube lula ukuthola izithombo ezingenalutho. Uma amasiko ahlukene atshalwa, emva konyaka banconywa ukuthi bangene. Izithombo zezitshalo zokutshala izitshalo zitshalwe ezindaweni ezithathwe utamatisi, futhi ukhukhamba zithatha isithombo noma i-zucchini.
Le nqubo ayigcini inhlabathi. Ukuhlwanyela kokuqala kungaqala ngoJanuwari. Ngokuya ngenkathi ekhulayo yesitshalo esithile, izithombo ziyoba ukulungele ukufakelwa emasontweni angu-3-5 emva kokuhlwanyela imbewu.
Umhlabathi nomanyolo
Indlela yokutshala imifino ku-greenhouse unyaka wonke? Imifino idinga ukukhanya, hhayi nenhlabathi enamandla kakhulu. Izitshalo eziningi, ingxube yensimu yensimu, isihlabathi kanye ne-peat kufanelekile.
Ngaphambi kokubeka endaweni yokushisa i-primer idinga ukuba i-calcined noma i-decontaminated usebenzisa isisombululo se-aqueous sulphate yethusi. Le ukwelashwa kubulala izinambuzane ezinobungozi nezimpungushe zezinambuzane.
Ngemuva kokwelashwa, umlotha ungasetshenziswa enhlabathini noma eziyinkimbinkimbi zemanyolo yezimbiwa. Ingxube ikhululiwe ngokucophelela futhi isakazwa phakathi kwamagquma. Endaweni yokushisa ungakwazi ukuhlela kokubili ukulima kanye nokuhlakulela. Ukuhlala ngokufanele isithombo, ikhanda le-ulethisi nezinye izitshalo ezincane. Abanye abalimi bemifino bahluma ngempumelelo utamatisi kanye ne-zucchini emashalofini.
Umhlabathi wangaphakathi usuphelile ngokushesha, ngakho-ke izitshalo ezitsheni zokushisa kumele zihlale zikhulelwa njalo. Emhlabathini, umquba obolile noma umanyolo obuncithakalo obunamaminerali usetshenziswa. Le ndlela yokwelashwa iphindaphindwa njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili, ngaphambi kokugqoka inhlabathi kufanele ikhululwe futhi ukhula lukhishiwe. Phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula okukhulayo kwezithombo, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe kumanyolo we-nitrogen, ngezikhathi ezithile izitshalo zingakwazi ukondla ngezidakamizwa eziqukethe ithusi.
Izici zokunakekelwa
Ebusika, udinga ukugcina izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke eliphakathi kwama-degrees angu-18 kuya ku-22. Ukushisa ngokweqile kumatamatisi, ama-eggplant kanye ne-pepper elimnandi, futhi i-snap ebandayo ingaba nomthelela omubi kuma-radishes namakhukhamba. Ngezinsuku ezibandayo, izindawo zokugcina izithombo azitholi umoya, lapho izinga lokushisa langaphandle likhuphuka, amavents kufanele avulwe izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngosuku.
Imifino endaweni yokushisa amanzi izikhathi 2-3 ngesontolapho umhlabathi umile kancane. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amanzi okushisa okufanayo njengomoya emoyeni wokushisa. Amanzi ashisayo angabangela ukwethuka nokukhula okutshala kancane kwezitshalo.
Ngokukhula kwezitshalo zezitshalo kufanele ziboshwe. Ukhukhamba udinga ukwesekwa okukhethekile ngokukhuphuka ophahleni lwe-greenhouse. Ngesizo sabo, iziqu zezitshalo zingathunyelwa ngendlela efanele, okuyinto elula ngokukhethekile ekukhuleni okukhazimulayo.
Ngasekuqaleni kokubunjwa kwezithelo Kunconywa ukususa amaqabunga aphansi ngeziqu. Ukwanda okuluhlaza ngokweqile kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezithelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo izokwenza ngcono ukushintshaniswa kwe-air kanye nokufinyelela kwelanga, izitshalo ngeke zithinteke yizinambuzane nezifungi.
Esikhathini sokushisa kubalulekile ukulondoloza umkhathiezihle izitshalo. Izinga lomswakama lizosiza ukwandisa ukuchelela kwamapayipi okushisa nokuphansi ngamanzi, kanye nokubekwa kwamathangi avulekile ekamelweni. Ukuze ukuvuthwa okuphumelelayo kotamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa, ungafaka amathangi ngesisombululo se-mullein. Kuhle ukwandisa umswakama nemigodi yamanzi ashisayo, ngaphandle kwalokho, zihlanganisa nokushisa ekamelweni.
Ngokulima, ukuvunwa kwenzeka unyaka wonke. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo nasekwindla sekwephuzile, ukwelashwa kokuvimbela izakhiwo kunconywa, ngokushintshwa kwenhlabathi kanye nokuhlanza ngokuphelele yonke indawo. Emva kokukhipha nokufaka umquba, isigaba esisha sokutshala siqala.
Kule ndawo, kungcono kakhulu ukwandisa isikhathi sehlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba bese uqhuba ukutshala kusenesikhathi emhlabathini oshisayo. Ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezikhethiwe zemifino yemifino, ungazuza isivuno esihle.
Imisebenzi elula yokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo zokutshala imifino unyaka wonke, kuvidiyo engezansi:
