Izimfihlo zokuvuna okucebile: ama-nuances okutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile kanye nezici zokunakekelwa kwazo

Ukutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile - owodwa wemisebenzi ebalulekile kumgadi wensimu. Ukuvuna kwesikhathi esizayo kuxhomeke kwisayithi elikhethiwe kahle, indlela kanye nenqubo yokutshala, "omakhelwane" abadingekile kanye nabandulela utamatisi.

Ukutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile kunezici ezithile, ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi kunzima yini ukutshala isivuno esihle.

Lesi sihloko sichaza ngokuningiliziwe izimfihlo zokuvuna okucebile: ama-nuances okutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile kanye nezici zokuzinakekela.

Izindlela zokutshala nokunakekela imifino

Ukulungiselela ukutshala izithombo

Indlela evame kakhulu yokutshala utamatisi ukutshala izithombo.. Ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo kufanele "zizwe". Kuze kube sekugcineni, amabhokisi anezitshalo ezinsukwini ezingu-15 kuya kwezingu-20 zenziwa emgwaqweni, lapho ahlala khona isikhathi esithile (kusuka emahoreni amabili kuya kumahora angu-10 nsuku zonke).

Isikhathi esincane sokuqina siyizinsuku ezintathu, kodwa kungcono ukwabela lesi sigaba isikhathi esiningi: kunomphumela omuhle kumakhono afanelekayo ezitshalo ezincane. Izinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, ukuchelela kufanele kuncishiswe, futhi kungakapheli isonto kumele bayeke ngokuphelele, kodwa kusasa losuku lokutshala, amahlumela amancane athululelwa ngamanzi.

Utamatisi uphuziswa futhi, ungakwazi ukuwubopha ngokushesha emgodini, ukuze isitshalo esibucayi singaphuli emoyeni. Ukunakekela kuhlanganisa amaphuzu amakhulu alandelayo: ukuchelela, ukufaka umanyolo, ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukukhuphuka, ukubunjwa kwehlathi.

Indlela efanele nokuthi yikuphi ibanga lokubeka imbewu kusuka komunye nomunye?

Muva nje, phakathi kwabalimi, indlela yokutshala utamatisi engenambewu isiye yaziwa kakhulu - imbewu yokuhlwanyela ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu kudingeka zicutshungulwe.: faka esikhwameni sesigqoko bese uyigcwilisa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate (1 g yama-manganese for 1 tbsp yamanzi) imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwangu-20, bese ugeza ngamanzi asebenzayo. Ungabakhipha amahora angu-12 kwisisombululo sokukhula okukhuthazayo.

Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha emithonjeni (ibanga eliphakathi kwabo lingama-30 - 40 cm, phakathi kwemigqa - 60 - 70 cm): imbewu engu-3 - 4 ifakwa enhlabathini enomswakama kuya ku-3-4 cm. Umhlabathi uhlanganiswe ngesundu ukuze uxhumane kangcono nenzalo ngomhlabathi. Uma amaqabunga amabili eqiniso ebonakala ehluma emgodini, isithombo esisodwa esithuthukile sishiywe, zonke ezinye zisusiwe. Ukunakekela izitshalo ezinjalo kufana nokunakekela izithombo.

Yini okufanele icatshangelwe uma iphuma ukuze ithole isivuno esihle?

Ukuze utshale kahle utamatisi, cabangela lokhu okulandelayo:

• Utamatisi kukhona izitshalo zokushisa nezithandane, ngoba kubalulekile ukukhetha izindawo ezikhanyisiwe, ezivikelwe emoyeni nasezingxenyeni. Futhi, izwe akufanele lizungezwe noma ezindaweni eziphansi: ukuqina okuqhubekayo kokuswakama kuzothatha ukusabalalisa izifo zezitshalo ezitshalayo, ukuvela kwezinqubo ze-putrefactive zesimiso sezitamatisi.
• Inhlabathi emagqumeni we-tomato ivame ukumba kabili (ekwindla nasentwasahlobo) ukuyigcwalisa nge-oksijeni, ukuyenza ibe lula, ukuthobeka nokuvuna izimpande zokhula. Uma ugoba, ungenza umquba emhlabathini ukuze ucebise (isibonelo, i-mullein, i-superphosphate, i-potashi usawoti). Futhi ngesonto ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, ngincoma ukwelapha inhlabathi ngesisombululo sulfulus sulphate sokungcola.
• Omunye umthetho: awukwazi ukutshala utamatisi esakhiweni esifanayo iminyaka emibili ngokulandelana. I-gap encane yokutshala utamatisi endaweni efanayo kufanele ibe yiminyaka engu-3 kuya kweyine.
• Ukuqaphela kufanele kuhokhwe emigodini lapho izithombo zizotshala khona. Ngamunye wabo kufanele agonywe ukujula kwamasentimitha angu-20 kuya kwangu-25. Ngaphansi komunye ngamunye ungafakwa njengezinto eziphilayo (humus, umquba, umlotha, ubhanana, i-eggshell, ikhasi le-anyanisi, imvubelo), amaminerali (superphosphate, magnesium sulfate) izidakamizwa (Kemira Lux, Kemira Universal).
• Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isihlahla esisodwa samatamatisi sinesilinganiso samamitha ayizi-0.3, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela utamatisi ngenxa yezithombo, kubalulekile ukuthila ukuthi zingaki ezitshalo ezingasetshala kulesi sakhiwo ukuze ungalahleki izithombo ezengeziwe.

Amaphethini wokubekwa kwezitshalo

1. Izitshalo zokutshala utamatisi omude.
   • Indlela yokukhiya isikwele. Ngalendlela, izitshalo zitshalwe emagumbini wesikwele esingacabangi, zakha uhlobo lwesikhala. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla liphakathi kuka-50-60 cm, futhi phakathi kwezikwele endaweni ehamba phambili, u-80 cm (kule gap kuyindlela yokunisela). Lolu hlelo lunikeza lula ukucubungula emkhatsini wemigqa, kusiza inqubo yokukhulula inhlabathi nokubhujiswa kokhula.
   • Indlela yombane. Enye indlela enhle yokubeka utamatisi ekutshaleni yindawo yokuthambisa. Okubalulekile kwalendlela kubandakanya ukumba ngamadrabhoni angu-100 cm, emaphethelweni alowo omabili (40 cm) amahlumela omatamatisi atshalwe, okuphambene nomunye. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla ezilandelanayo lingu-70 cm. Leli lungiselelo lilungele izinhlobo ezingapheli ezidinga i-garter, njengoba kuzoba lula ukuyiqalisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yale ndlela, isikhathi silondolozwa ekucubunguleni izitshalo, ukukhulula inhlabathi, nokulawula ukhula.
2. Izitshalo ezithakazelisayo ezitshalwe phansi.
   • Indlela yeTape. Ukutshala utamatisi omfisha, okuvuthiwe usebenzisa le ndlela, kubalulekile ukumba umsele, okuyizingalo ezingaba ngu-30 cm ejulile, bese ugoba imigodi emgodleni u-30 - 40 cm eceleni. Ibanga phakathi kwama-trench ngu-80 cm.

     Uma izinhlobo ezide zihlwanyelwe ngendlela enjalo, kufanele kube yi-90 cm ephuma emseleni kuya emseleni. Le ndlela yokutshala ivikela kakhulu indawo yokutshala, futhi kulula ukunakekela izitshalo ezitshalwe ngale ndlela ngenxa yokufinyelela okuhle kakhulu ehlathini ngalinye. Inqubo yokunisela iphinde ihlinzekwe kakhulu: kwanele ukuphonsa i-hose emgodini noma ukuletha uhlelo lokunisela.

   • Indlela ye Chess. Le ndlela ifana kakhulu ne-tape-nested method. Umsele uphinde ukhishwe, kodwa amahlathi asohlangothini lwawo aguqulwa ngokuhambisana ne-chess order: utamatisi womugqa owodwa ukhonjane nezikhathi eziphakathi kwamatamatisi omunye ulayini. Ibanga eliphakathi kwamathanga liyi-100 cm, phakathi kwezihlahla ezilandelanayo - 30 - 40 cm, phakathi kwemigqa - 40 - 50 cm. Inhloso eyinhloko yalolu hlelo ukugcina isikhala.

Omakhelwane kanye nabandulele

Enye yamaphuzu ayisihluthulelo: ukutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile kumele kwenziwe ngokucabangela ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo ezifanele.

Iyiphi indawo engcono kakhulu eseduze?

Utamatisi - isitshalo seSananaceae yomndeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umndeni uhlanganisa amasiko afana namazambane, isitshalo seqanda, pepper yemifino, pepper, ugwayi. Iqiniso lokuthi izitshalo zivela emndenini owodwa kubangela ukukhulelwa kwabo ezifweni ezifanayo, ikakhulukazi isitha sabo esivamile - ukulimala kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuwafika ezindaweni eziseduze akukhuthazwa.

Omakhelwane abahle kakhulu utamatisi banamanisi anyanisi, i-garlic, izaqathe, i-mint, i-sage, ummbila, isithombo, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, isipinashi, iparsley, basil.

Ngakho, u-anyanisi, u-garlic, isithombo sizovikela utamatisi kusuka ezigulini zesicabucabu, ama-aphid, ama-ground flea. Futhi izimbali ezinjenge-marigolds kanye ne-calendula, ngeke nje zibenze njengomlondolozi othembekile we-solanacea ezivela kuzo zonke izilokazane, kodwa futhi zinikeze isakhiwo sedimu ngaphezulu kokuhlobisa. Ummbila omude uthembele ukuvikela utamatisi we-thermophilic emoyeni nasezingxenyeni.

Kukhona utamatisi nabaphikisi. Ngokunqoba bazokwenza i-broccoli, i-cauliflower neklabishi omhlophe, i-fennel, i-dill.

Ukhukhamba

Izitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu kuzo zonke izakhiwo zasendlini zingamatamatisi namakhukhamba. Nokho, kungenzeka yini ukutshala ukhukhamba? Ukutshala emibhedeni engomakhelwane ngeke kube khona. Into ukuthi lezi zitshalo zidinga ukunakekelwa okungafani ngokuphelele: ukhukhamba zithanda ukuchelela okunamandla namazinga aphakeme omswakama, Utamatisi ukhetha umoya omile kanye nokuchelela okuncane.

Amaqabunga amakhulu amakhukhamba aphuza umswakama obuningi, umswakama owengeziwe unikezwa ukuchelela okuningi kwalesi sitshalo, ngakho utamatisi uqala ukugula kakhulu izifo ze-fungal ne-bacterial, izimbali zazo azizona impova, isivuno siyancipha, futhi ukunambitheka kuyaba mnandi.

Yini evumelekile ukuhlakulela emva utamatisi ngonyaka ozayo?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlwanyela ama-legumes (i-peas, ubhontshisi) nemifino (i-parsley, i-dill, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi), okuyinto ehlaziya i-nitrogen enhlabathini edlalwa utamatisi. I-anyanisi negalikhi etshalwe endaweni yamatamatisi izokuthuthukisa kahle inhlabathi., ngaphandle kwalokho, bayonikeza isivuno esikhulu.

Omunye wemithetho eyisisekelo yokujikeleza kwezitshalo uthi: izitshalo zezimpande zitshalwe endaweni yesithelo futhi ngokufanayo. Mane nje, "izimpande zinezinye izindlela". Ukuvunwa okuhle kuvela izaqathe, i-beet, i-radishes, ne-radishes etshalwe kusayithi emva kwetamatisi. Abesabi izifo ezikhethekile kumatamatisi, ukhukhamba, zucchini, iklabishi.

Emva kwalokho ungakwazi futhi ungakwazi ukukhula isithelo?

Ukuze kuvimbele ukuchithwa kwenhlabathi, kubalulekile ukushintsha ukutshala kwezithelo zezitshalo kanye nezitshalo ezimpande. Utamatisi atshalwe kakhulu ezindaweni ezadlula ngonyaka odlule ebekwe eceleni kwe-turnips, izaqathe, beet, u-anyanisi oluhlaza. Kuvunyelwe uma utamatisi atholakala esizeni samakhukhamba, i-zucchini, iklabishi.

Inketho ekahle ukuhlwanyela ekuqaleni kwendawo yomhlaba, esetshenziselwa utamatisi, ama-manureate aluhlaza, umanyolo ohlaza, okwenza ngcono isakhiwo somhlabathi, usicebe nge nitrogen, nokuvimbela ukukhula kokhula. I-siderata ihlanganisa i-oats, lwesinaphi, i-buckwheat, i-clover, ubhontshisi, i-lupine.

Akuvumelekile ukutshala utamatisi esikhundleni se-nightshade.: amazambane, isitshalo seqanda, pepper, physalis, ugwayi. Kungakhathaliseki indlela yokutshala izitshalo kudinga ukugcinwa ngokucophelela. Lokhu akufanele kubakhohlwe ngumlimi wemifino, ngoba ukutshala isitshalo ngendlela efanele akusho ukuqoqa isivuno esicebile. Ukunakekelwa komgadi wensimu kuphela, ukubekezela kwakhe nokukhuthaza kwakhe kuyokwazi ukuqinisekisa ukufezwa komgomo wakhe.