I-Nematodes ifaka ama-roundworms amancane, okungafani kwabo kufinyelela ezingaphezu kwezingu-25 zezinhlobo zama-nematodes. Ezinye ze-nematodes azilimazi ngokuphelele futhi zikhona ngokukhululekile ezweni, elwandle noma emanzini ahlanzekile, okunye kuholela endleleni yokuphila yokuphazamiseka, okuthinta izilwane noma izitshalo.
Lezi zindawo zihlala emanzini emhlabeni noma ngqo ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo zezitshalo.
Imiphumela yokuphila kwabo iyathinteka izifo izingxenye zezitshalo (kusuka ezimpandeni kuya efihlekile kanye namaqabunga), ezomile futhi zinyuka, kanye nokwakhiwa okuthiwa Ama-Gauls - "amantongomane" amancane noma ahlambalaza emaqabunga, enhlabathini, njll.
Nematodes kakhulu buthaka izitshaloukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa nokunciphisa umjikelezo wabo wokuphila. Uma izibungu ziqala ukugxilisa izimpande, sonke isitshalo sihlupheka. Ukuthi i-nematodes iqala engadini ingaqondwa ngokubheka izingxenye zesitshalo - ukuqina okungokwemvelo kwesisekelo samaqabunga, ukukhula emaqabungeni noma umthunzi omnyama wesimiso uzotshela ngakho.
Izindlu zezindlu ngokuvamile azikwazi ukulondolozwa uma ukutheleleka i-nematode isiqalile kakade. Ziyini izinyathelo zokulawula?
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinobuthi emvelweni wangaphakathi akusebenzi kangako futhi kuyingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni ezifuywayo.
Izimbali Ezilahlekile Kakhulu Ngokushesha lahla.
Indlela yokubhekana nematode engadini?
Qaphela kuqala ukuvimbela, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukutholakala kwamahlamvu nematodes kusayithi lakho.
Kunconywa ukukhetha izinhlobo ezinjalo zezitshalo ezizobe zikhona njengezinzile ngangokunokwenzeka kuya nematodes.
Amasiko athile njalo nge ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, qaphela izinga lokuchelela, gcina inhlabathi ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo hhayi emanzini kakhulu, sebenzisa inzalo yesisindo.
Tshala amaqabunga ngamanzi kungakapheli ayisithupha kusihlwaukuze bakwazi ukuma ngaphambi kokuhlwa. Ehlobo, qiniseka ukuthi izitshalo zinokufinyelela okwanele ekukhanyeni kwelanga - i-ultraviolet okonakalisa ama-nematodes amaningi awonayo.
Izindlela zokulwa
Ngokumelene ne-stem nematodes kufanelekile izindlela zomsebenzi. Izisulu ezivame kakhulu zalolu hlobo lwezibungu yizimbali ezihlukahlukene zokuhlobisa ezifana ne-tulips, hyacinths noma i-carnations. Ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwama-parasites, ukuqeda izitshalo ezithintekile kanye nezimpande bese ubashisa.
Okufanele ama-bulb ukuphathwa ngokushisa okukhulu: zigcine emanzini ashisayo okungenani imizuzu engu-10-15, bese uhlanzekile futhi usomile ngaphambi kokutshala. Izimbiza nezinye iziqukathi kufanele zigezwe ngamanzi abilayo.
Isibonelo, iphunga elimnandi lamarigolds amancane alijabulisi kakhulu kwi-nematodes, futhi uhlelo lwempande rudbeckia, gaillardia noma i-coreopsis wesabe izibungu izinto ezikhethekile.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zine-swellings yemvelo noma ukukhula okuncane ezimpandeni, okusebenza njengehlobo lokugcina izakhi. Kungcono ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi akuzona izindlu ezishiywa yi-nematodes ukuze zingabhubhisi isitshalo esinempilo. Isibonelo i-chlorophytum noma i-arrowroot.
Ungayilahla kanjani enhlabathini?
Indlela yokukhipha ama-nematodes enhlabathini? Izimpande eziqhamukayo, ezibangela ama-ghiza ama-rhizomes ezitshalweni, zibuye zilawulwe izindlela zokuvimbela. Lapho utshala izitshalo (ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezithandayo nezomthunzi), sebenzisa kuphela amathuluzi angadini ahlanzekile.
Ungatshali izitshalo imibuthano enesihluku, kungcono ukwabela isihlahla ngasinye embizeni okwesikhashana.
Ukufudumala noma ukulima isiphuzo esishisayo hhayi imizuzu engaphansi kwengu-40.
Zonke izitshalo kufanele zihlolwe noma yikuphi izifo noma okungavamile.
I-rhizomes yembali esanda kutholakala kufanele ihlanzwe futhi ishiywe imizuzu engu-15 isisombululo esikhethekile.
Ungasebenzisa ngale njongo isixazululo se-0.5% i-fosdrin noma isixazululo se-insecticide esingu-0.5% i-parathion. Ekupheleni kwenqubo, hlambulula izimpande futhi, zime bese zifakelwa isitshalo enhlabathini entsha.
Izitshalo ezivame ukwedlula zonke ezivezwe ezigwedleni ziyaba i-aloe, i-cacti kanye nabahlali abamba ukushisa. Badinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela kanye nezinyathelo zokuzivikela ezivamile ukuze zivikele emelene nematodes.
Indlela yokubhekana namazambane nematode?
Uma i-nematode yamazambane itholakala - indlela yokubhekana nayo?
Yiziphi izindlela zokubhekana nazo? Phakathi kwamakhemikhali avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ensimini yeRussian Federation ibhalwe ohlwini i-percalcite (okungalungile). Inethonya kumaqanda nakwabantu ngabanye be-imago. Isonto ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane ngo-200-300 g / cm2 kuya ekujuleni kwe-10-15 cm ngaphansi komhlaba umuthi ukwethulwa.
Enye ikhambi le-nematode yegolide yamazambane i-carbamide (urea). Ukuze kube nomphumela osizayo, kuhle ukusebenzisa 100 g / m2, inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
Ungakwazi kakhulu ukuthuthukisa izinga lokudla okunomsoco wezwe ngenxa i-mulching. I-pre-hay ibhekwa njengokudla okuhle kakhulu kwezinsizakalo ezincane ezizuzayo ezizovikela kamuva ama-rhizomes ezitshalo kusuka kuma-nematodes nezinye izinambuzane. Ubuningi bombhede kufanele bube ngu-10 cm.
Ukuqhaqhazela ngotshani obolile ukulwa namazambane nematode - isithombe:
Njengasendabeni noma izitshalo zasendlini, noma yimaphi amathuluzi afana namafosholo adinga ukucutshungulwa izixazululo ze-disinfectant (formalin).
I-precursor ekahle yamazambane ryeokuyinto ecasula ngokuphelele roundworms. Futhi esiteshini esicwecwe izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinezinambuzane neziqongo kufanele zikhule ubusika rye, ngakho wacindezela isikhungo sokusakazwa kwezidumbu.
Okunye ukutshala izinhlobo zamazambane ukuze izinhlobo ze-nematode eziguquguqukayo zishintshe eminyakeni embalwa. engazinzile. Lokhu kuzovimbela i-nematodes ukuthi ingasetshenziswa noma ithuthukiswe. Kungcono ukutshala inhlabathi i-ash ash noma i-superphosphate ye-granular.
Mayelana nezinyathelo zokuvimbela, ukuthi ungashiywa ngaphandle kwezitshalo zamazambane, uzofunda kule vidiyo:
Kusho nokulungiselela
Indlela yokuthola i-nematode? Kukhona inqwaba yezinhlayiya zesistimu nokuxhumana okuhloswe ngazo ukupuniza izitshalo. Izixazululo zivamile phakathi kwe-nematocides. mercaptophos, lindanefuthi i-methyl bromide, i-chloropicrin, i-carbation futhi izakhi ze-organophosphorus.
Amalungiselelo ahlelekile angena emzimbeni wesitshalo ngokusebenzisa izimpande futhi esevele eseqhamuka amaqabunga futhi anesifo semithi esinobuhlungu. Ama-Organophosphate compounds (phosphamide, karbofos, methylmercaptophos) ifakwe esitshalweni sezihlahla noma izihlahla zezithelo ukuletha ama-nematodes amaqabunga.
Phosphamide - Isidakamizwa esiyingozi ngokwemvelo kubantu nasezilwaneni, kodwa inobuthi obukhulu kakhulu yezinambuzane zokuvotela. Kuphumelela ngokumelene kokubili izibungu zezitshalo noma ama-aphid, kanye nezimbungu. Izihlahla zezithelo ezifana nama-apula nama-pears zifakwe ngesixazululo esingu-0.1% noma i-0.2% ngesibalo se-0.8-4.0 kg ngehektare ngalinye, u-0.8-3.0 kg ukwanele ama cherry nama-plums. Iyacubungula kumele ume inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokuvuna. Ochwepheshe ungasincoma sishaye eduze kwemifino, imifino kanye namajikijolo.
Enye ikhambi BAK "Ecogel", ezemvelo futhi ephephile, ivikela izitshalo ezivela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ne-gall nematodes. Isetshenziswe emhlabathini futhi inomphumela omubi kokubili amaqanda nezimpethu ezindala. Isikhathi somphumela amaviki angu-3-9. Kungenzeka cwilisa imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala noma ukufiphaza izitshalo nge-1% isisombululo se- "Ecogel".
Isidakamizwa "Nematophagin BT" ngokusekelwe ku-fungus edlalayo futhi efakwe emhlabathini (kuya ekujuleni kuka-15-20 cm).
Yena ngokuphelele ephephile uma kuqhathaniswa namalungiselelo amakhemikhali, futhi i-mycelium ye-nematodes ye-fungus ibulala izimpethu ngemuva kosuku.
Ukulwa nakho kungenziwa ngosizo lomuthi "Fitoverm". Ikhiqizwa ngesimo se-0.2% powder futhi, lapho isenzo se-nematodes kanye nezibungu zabo, zibavimbela amandla okudla ngokujwayelekile. Ulethwa enhlabathini ngaphansi kwezitshalo ezinegciwane.
Uma ulandela izincomo zokulungiselela ukuhlanzeka nokukhulelwa kwenhlabathi, yenza ukwelashwa okuvamile kwezwe, izimpande kanye nembewu, ungakwazi uvikele amasimu akho kusukela ekusakazeni kwama-nematodes. Khetha izitshalo nge ukuzivikela okukhulusondela sitshala abavikeli (marigolds, rye) ukuthusa ama-roundworms.
