Yiziphi izitshalo ezizokhula kahle emva kwetamatisi? Ngingayitshala yini utamatisi, ukhukhamba, iklabishi noma pepper?

Utamatisi yizitshalo ezithandwayo nezithandekayo zemifino. Zakhula cishe yonke ingadi kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu. Utamatisi ungatshalwa endaweni evulekile ezindaweni ezifudumele zezwe, nasendaweni yokugcina izithombo - kwezinye izindawo ezisenyakatho. Inani lamasiko esimweni sesibili alulahlekile kakhulu. Uma uhlela ukutshala kusayithi, umbuzo uphakama ukuthi ukushiya utamatisi emibhedeni yensimu yonyaka odlule, futhi yini engatshala emva kwetamatisi ngonyaka ozayo: ingabe ukhukhamba, iklabishi nemifino yezimpande zizozizwa zihle? Uzothola izimpendulo zale mibuzo kusuka kulesi sihloko.

Kungani uqhuba ukujikeleza kwezitshalo?

Ukutshala ukujikeleza kuyimithetho yokushintsha izitshalo ngesikhathi sokulima. Izitshalo zokuthuthukiswa kwazo kancane kancane zithatha amaminerali athile emhlabathini, izimpande zazo ziphuma ezincane ze-microtoxins, kanye nama-bacteria abangela izifo ezibuthe emhlabathini. Ukuze uthuthukise inhlabathi, kulula ukubhekana nezifo nezinambuzane, kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe amasayithi okutshala kwezitshalo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zokujikeleza kwezitshalo.

Hlanganisa imithetho yokujikeleza:

• Gwema ukutshala okulandelanayo kwezitshalo ezihlobene endaweni eyodwa.
• Izitshalo ezihlukile nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zezimpande. Isibonelo, emva kwezitshalo ezinezithelo ezingenhla, izitshalo zezitshalo kanye nokunye, esikhundleni sendawo "eziqongweni nezimpande".
• Izimila ezinezakhi eziphakeme zokudla izitshalo zikhule emva kwezitshalo ngokusetshenziswa okuphakathi noma okuphansi.
• Ukuphulukisa njalo umhlaba ngokutshala izitshalo ngemvelo yemvelo - lwesinaphi, anyanisi, i-garlic.

Yini ongatshala endaweni yamatamatisi futhi ngani?

Ngokusekelwe emithethweni yokujikeleza emva kokuba utamatisi ungatshalwa.

Emhlabathini ovulekile

• Imifino (ubhontshisi, uphizi, ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi). Lezi zitshalo zigcwalisa umhlaba nge nitrogen nezinye izinhlanganisela eziphilayo. Ubhontshisi nawo ukhula kahle emva kwetamatisi.
• Imifino imifino (itheniphu, isanqante, isithombo, isithombo sebhitrudi, isithombo). Izitshalo zomsuka zidla ezingeni elijulile lomhlabathi kunamatamatisi, futhi zidla ezinye izaminerali zentuthuko.
• Imifino (i-dill, i-parsley, i-basil). Imifino kanye utamatisi kungokwemindeni ehlukene. Imifino ayesabi izinambuzane ze-Solanaceae futhi ikhula kahle lapho utamatisi ejwayele ukukhula.
• Ukhukhamba. Ukhukhamba alumelana nezifo zika utamatisi, kodwa uzwela kakhulu izinga lomhlabathi. Ngaphambi kokutshala ukhukhamba, kunconywa ukutshala inhlabathi, sebenzisa umquba noma i-mulch.
• Zucchini - khula kahle emva kokutamatisi futhi unike isivuno esikhulu.
• I-bulbous (anyanisi, i-garlic). Bakha izimpande emva kwetamatisi, kuyilapho bekhipha amagciwane kanye nokuphulukisa umhlaba.

Esikhathini sokushisa

• Imikhaya yeminye imindeni (iklabishi, ukhukhamba, anyanisi, imifino). Lezi zitshalo azitholakali nezifo zamatamatisi futhi zidinga ezinye izakhi zokulandelela zokudla. Ezimweni ze-hothouse, ngaphambi kokutshala lezi zitshalo, ukulungiselela ngokucophelela umhlaba emva kokutholakala utamatisi kuyadingeka: ukwelashwa okuvela ezinambuzane, ukuhlola ubuningi bomhlabathi, ukufaka umanyolo njalo ezinxenyeni ezincane.
• Ama-siderate (umquba, lwesinaphi). I-Siderats ivumela umhlaba ukuba uphumule futhi ululame ngemva kokutshala utamatisi. Zigcwalisa inhlabathi ngezakhi zomzimba futhi ziyikhipha igciwane ngamagciwane akingozi.
• Utamatisi. Kuyinto engathandeki ukutshala utamatisi emva kokutamatisi ekushiseni okushisa, njengokungathi ezimweni zendawo yokushisa izwe eliqhelile liphelile kakhulu, futhi amabhaktheriya anobungozi aqoqa ngokwengeziwe emhlabathini ngisho nangemva kokuba umhlabathi uhlwanyelwe.

  Kodwa uma kungenakwenzeka ukuguqula izitshalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ulungiselele kahle umhlaba ukuze utamatisi uphinde ukhule endaweni yokushisa. Ukwenza lokhu, emva kokuqoqa utamatisi nokulima umhlabathi ekushiseni okushisa, kuphakanyiswa ukutshala lwesinaphi. Ukwengeza kuyaphazamisa inhlabathi futhi kuvamile ukuba i-acidity yayo.

  Usizo! Esikhundleni samasinaphi singatshalalwa i-siderata yasebusika (izithelo, okusanhlamvu). Esikhathini sehlobo sase-spring siderata ngezimpande noma sishiye njenge-mulch, futhi ungakwazi ukutshala kabusha utamatisi.

Ingabe iklabishi izokhula?

Iklabishi ingeyomndeni wesiphambano futhi awunaki izilokazane nezifo zika utamatisi. I-Cruciferous ibekezelele ngokuthula okuqukethwe okunciphile kwe-nitrogen emhlabathini emva kokutamatisi. Ukuze ukuthuthukiswa kweklabishi kudle izakhi zomkhondo ezivela kwamanye amazinga omhlabathi, kukhula kahle emva kokukhipha utamatisi futhi kunikeza isivuno esikhulu ensimini nasendlini yokushisa.

Kungenzeka yini ukupelesa?

I-pepper, njengamatamatisi, ingowomndeni we-nightshade. Iqukethe izidingo zokudla okunomsoco ofana no-utamatisi, futhi ingaphansi kwezifo ezifanayo. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala i-pepper emva kwamatamatisi akunconywa noma kumhlabathi ovulekile noma ku-greenhouse.

Ingabe kungenzeka futhi utamatisi?

Uma isakhiwo sivumela, kuhle ukutshala utamatisi endaweni entsha njalo ngonyaka. Uma kungekho zimo zokushintsha izindawo, kuvunyelwe ukukhulisa utamatisi embhedeni owodwa iminyaka eminingana. Izindlela ezehlukene zisetshenziselwa ukwandisa isivuno:

• Ukuxhuma - Ukumboza inhlabathi ngendwangu yokuzivikela yezinto eziphilayo ezigcwala umhlaba ngezakhi zomzimba futhi kusize ukuvikela izilokazane nezifo. Ukuxubha ne-hay, utshani, i-oblique sideratami ifaneleka utamatisi.
• Ukwethulwa kwe-nitrogen ne-phosphate fertilizer. Njengoba inhlabathi endaweni eyodwa iphela kancane kancane, ukudla ngesikhathi esifanayo kusiza ukugcina isivuno esilinganisweni esifanayo.
• Ukutshala kwekwindla yemifino eluhlaza (izitshalo nezitshalo zesinaphi). Ikhiqizwa ekwindla ngemuva kokuvuna, futhi kusiza ukuthuthukisa nokondla umhlaba entwasahlobo. Entwasahlobo, umquba oluhlaza uhlwanyelwe futhi ushiywe njengendwangu.
• Ukuguqula umhlabathi ongaphezulu embhedeni wensimu. Le ndlela yokwedlula kanye neyesikhathi esenziwa uma kwenzeka ukunqotshwa utamatisi nge-phytophthora, lapho kungenakwenzeka ukukhetha enye indawo yokutshala.
• Ukukhetha kahle komakhelwane embhedeni. Imifino nemifino ivikela utamatisi ezifweni futhi igcwalise inhlabathi ngezinto ezisebenzela utamatisi.

Ngisho nalezi zindlela ezingenhla, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesitshalo esisodwa iphela kancane kancane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinto ezilimaza utamatisi ziqoqa phansi. Uma kwenzeka izifo ezivamile kanye nemonakalo yizinambuzane, indawo yokutshala utamatisi kufanele ishintshwe. Kungenzeka ukubuyisela utamatisi endaweni yabo yokuqala eminyakeni emithathu kuya emine.

Kubalulekile! Ukuhlanza imibhede ekwindla, kufanele ususe ngokuphelele iziqu kanye nezimpande zamatamatisi, ukuze ungashiyi amagciwane emhlabathini.

Hlanganisa itafula lokujikeleza

Yini ongatshala emva kweziguli ezine-phytophthora yezitshalo zokuvuselela inhlabathi?

• Anyanisi, ugarlic. Ama-bulb acebile kuma-phytoncides emvelo aphilisa futhi aphulukise umhlaba. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokutshala, kwanele ukuvumela umhlaba uphumule kanye, emva kokutshala anyanisi noma ugarlikhi, futhi ngonyaka ozayo ungatshala utamatisi futhi.
• Siderats (lwesinaphi, okusanhlamvu, phacelia). I-Mustard nePacelia kukhona ama-disinfectants yemvelo. Ukukhiqiza okusanhlamvu nokuthuthukisa inhlabathi.

Lezi zitshalo zibuyisela i-microflora ngemuva kwamatamatisi onesifo futhi zidale izimo ezihle zokukhula kwezitshalo ezilandelayo.

Yiziphi izimo ezizozizwa zingcono engadini?

Ukuvunwa okuphezulu emva kokutamatisi kungcono ukutshala:

• iklabishi yezinhlobo ezahlukene;
• i-legumes;
• ukhukhamba;
• imifino impande.

Ukuthuthukiswa komhlabathi kungcono ukutshala emva kokutamatisi:

• anyanisi;
• i-garlic;
• isinaphi;
• phacelia

Yikuphi okungajwayelekile ukuhlakulelwa?

• I-Solanaceae (amazambane, i-pepper, ama-eggplant, i-physalis). Izitshalo zomndeni ofanayo kanye utamatisi zinesidingo esifanayo sokudla okunomsoco, zithatha izakhi ezifanayo zomhlabathi, futhi zithinteka yizifo ezifanayo. Konke lokhu kunomphumela omubi ekuvuneni.
• Ama-Strawberries, ama-strawberries. Ama-Strawberries azwela kakhulu ku-phytophthora ethinta utamatisi. Utamatisi uqinisa kakhulu umhlaba. Esimweni esinjalo, ama-strawberries akakwazi ukukhula ngokugcwele futhi athele izithelo.
• Amanoni (amakhabe, amakhabe, amathanga). Izimpande zika utamatisi namaqabunga zitholakala cishe ekujuleni okufanayo, futhi zichithe uhlaka olufanayo lomhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, ama-melon azokhula kabi futhi athuthukise emva kwetamatisi, anike isivuno esincane.

Ngemva kwamatamatisi, awukwazi ukutshala zonke izitshalo. Ingxenye yezitshalo zikhula kahle endaweni lapho utamatisi ekhula khona. Ukutshala ezinye izitshalo emva utamatisi akunconywa. Ezimweni lapho kungenakwenzeka ukushintsha isayithi lokutshala, kungenzeka ukugwema ukwehla kwesitshalo uma uveza kahle futhi ulima umhlaba kanye nezitshalo kusuka ezigulini ngezikhathi ngesikhathi. Ukwazi nokusebenzisa izimiso zokujikeleza kwezitshalo engadini, ungathola njalo imiphumela emihle.