Indlela yokutshala nokukhula ukhukhamba "isimangaliso Chinese"

"Isimangaliso saseChina" - amakhokhamba ahlukahlukene angaba nomqondo wale mifino ebonakalayo evamile. Izithelo ezinkulu ezingalindelekile ziheha ukunakwa kwazo. Kodwa inqwaba enkulu yemifino idinga ukunakekelwa okufanele. Indlela yokukhula kusayithi lakho isizwe esikhulu esiMbuso oPhakathi futhi uyamnakekela - sizoxoxa esihlokweni sethu.

Okuqukethwe:

• Izithelo nezivuno
• Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
• Umhlabathi nomanyolo
• Izimo ezikhulayo
• Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya
• Ukulungiselela imbewu
• Okuqukethwe nezindawo
• Inqubo yokutshala imbewu
• Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
• Ukutshala izithombo phansi
• Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo zokulima imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile
• Izimo zangaphandle
• Inqubo yokutshala imbewu emhlabathini
• Ukunisela
• Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula
• Masking
• Ibhande le-Garter
• Ukugqoka okuphezulu
• Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela
• Ukuvuna nokugcina
• Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka
• Ukubuyekeza

Incazelo ehlukahlukene

"Isimangaliso saseShayina" - ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene ukhukhamba, ebumbene igama elivamile "Chinese". Phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo, lokhu kuqhathaniswa nobukhulu bezithelo zawo - 0.4-0.6 m ubude. I-Zelentsy inesimo esifanele se-cylindrical kanye nenani elincane lameva. Inyama yesimangaliso esinjalo ayibuhlungu, kodwa inomsoco kakhulu, kanti uma uluma i-crunch ebizwa ngokuthi i-crunch iyabonakala, imbewu imincane kakhulu.

Hlola izinhlobo eziningi ezingavamile zamakhukhamba.

Ukushisa kungaba isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke i-garter iyadingeka kwisitshalo. Uhlelo lwempande luqinile futhi luthuthukile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Ngesilinganiso esidingekayo sokunisela okulula nokuwanele, ikhukhamba iyokujabulela ngokugcwele ukuzala kwayo, ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane kanye nezidingo ezilinganayo zokunakekelwa. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zamaShayina zidliwa kuphela. Umehluko "wesimangaliso saseShayina" esivela ezihlotsheni zakhe eziseduze ukuthi kungenziwa usawoti noma kugcinwe.

Kubalulekile! Ikhaya isici "Isimangaliso saseShayina" kuqukethe ukuthi ingxenye yesithelo esakhulayo ingaqedwa, okunye kuyoba okujwayelekile ukuqhubeka nokukhula.

Izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene:

• isivuno esikhulu;
• izithelo zibukeka zikhangayo;
• ukuphikiswa kwezifo eziphakeme, ukumelana nezinambuzane nezimo zezulu;
• ingadliwa hhayi kuphela eluhlaza, kodwa futhi ekheniwe (usawoti);
• I-Zelentsy inambitheka kakhulu (ungaba nomunyu), ungaphenduki, ungenawo amathanga angenalutho, usayizi omncane wezinhlamvu.

Ukukhathazeka kwamakhukhamba we-Chinese Miracle:

• gcina ingubo yokuhweba ingaphezu kosuku, ngalesi sikhathi kumele idliwe;
• zidinga i-garters emihle edingekayo (ngenxa yobukhulu be-green mass, ubukhulu bezithelo nobude besitshalo), kaningi izikhathi ezingu-2-4 ngezikhathi ezithile.

Izithelo nezivuno

"Isimangaliso saseShayina" sibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo eziseduze, kodwa kuhlawulela lesi simo ngesithelo esikhulu kakhulu.

1. Ukufika emhlabathini - April-May.
2. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa siyizinsuku ezingama-60-75.
3. Ukuphakama kwesibhamu kungu-1 m nangaphezulu (uma kungenjalo kunqunywe, kukhula ku-3.5-4 m).
4. Ukutshala okuphakanyisiweko - 1 isitshalo / i-sq. imitha
5. Izithelo zivuthiwe kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba. Isibhamu esisodwa singaholela ku-25-30 kg yemifino ngenkathi ngayinye.
6. Ubude / isisindo se-fetus - 45-60 cm / 0.4-1 kg.

Uyazi? Igama lesiRashiya elithi "ikhukhamba" livela emvelaphi yesiGreki lasendulo, lapho isithelo saziwa khona ngokuthi "Aguros" - "engavuthiwe, engakazalwa".

Ukukhethwa kwezithombo

Uma ukhetha indlela yokutshala, futhi wanquma ukuthenga izithombo emakethe, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela ukukhetha kwayo. Ikhwalithi yokutshala impahla ixhomeke ekutheni uyothola uhlobo luni lokuvuna. Ukuthenga izithombo emakethe kuyindlela eyingozi kakhulu, uma-ke, ungenalo isitayela esivamile esikukhiqizayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuya izithombo, zijwayele ngeminye imithetho elula:

1. Iminyaka engcono kakhulu yezithombo zokutshala emhlabathini - amasonto amane.
2. Isiqu kufanele sibonakale siqinile futhi sinempilo, akufanele sibe nezindawo ezomile kuso.
3. Izinhlobonhlobo zinezimpande ezinamandla kakhulu, ukusebenza okujwayelekile okumele kube khona isitshalo kule substrate, kanti izimpande ngokwazo zibukeka zihlanzekile futhi zinempilo.
4. Imbewu efanele yokutshala emhlabathini kufanele ibonakale kanje: ukuphakama - 37-43 cm, amaqabunga eqiniso angama-4-6, amaqabunga aphansi ngesikhathi sokutshala kufanele asevele abe ngu-8-9 cm ubude. Konke okunye, ihlumela kufanele lihambisane ngaphandle nencazelo ezigabeni zangaphambilini. Uma uthola isithombo esinjalo, ucabanga ukuthi unenhlanhla kakhulu.

Kubalulekile! Zonke ukhukhamba zamaShayina zihlobo lwe-parthenocarpic, okungukuthi, ziyimpova ngokuzimela.

I-VIDEO: INDLELA YOKUKHETHA ISIKHATHI ESIKHULU

Umhlabathi nomanyolo

Inhlabathi ene-humus yokuqukethwe kanye ne-pH engathathi hlangothi ifaneleka kakhulu kulezi ezihlukahlukene. Inhlabathi yomswakama noma izindawo ezinamanzi ezinamanzi okugcina amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngokuvamile aphikisana nekhukhamba yamaShayina.

I-ideal ingabizwa ngokuthi ukwakheka okunjalo kwenhlabathi:

• i-turf - 1/4;
• peat - 3/8;
• humus - 3/8.

Beka udinga ukukhetha ilanga elanele, uma kunokwenzeka, ngaphandle kwemidwebo. Ngemuva kokuthi indawo ikhethiwe (lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ekwindla yokuqala), ungaqala ukuyihlela.

1. Lezo zindawo lapho kukhona izitshalo ezisetshenziselwa ukukhula akufanele zicatshangelwe, njengemibhede engaba khona, ukhukhamba zihluma kakhulu kubo.
2. Kodwa noma yikuphi amakhukhamba, kuhlanganise nabaseShayina, azizwa kahle lapho etshalwe esakhiweni lapho utamatisi kanye neklabishi bevame ukukhula, futhi kuyamukeleka kakhulu lapho ama-radishes, beet kanye ne-izaqathi ekhula khona.

Okokuqala udinga ukumba imibhede ezayo. I-cut is not less than 30 cm, lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuletha ukujula (okusekelwe ku-1 sq. M):

• i-mullein noma i-humus ebolile - amalitha angu-20;
• i-sawdust - 5 l;
• izinkuni - 50 g;
• potassium sulfate - 10 g;
• superphosphate - 50 g;
• urea - 10 g

Ngaphambi kokwenza umquba, i-sawdust kufanele ifakwe kwisisombululo se-ammonium nitrate (40 g ngalinye ngamanzi angu-20 l) futhi yomile amasonto amabili. Kukhona indlela elula yokufaka umanyolo ekwindla. Ngemuva kokumba, khetha imibhede ezayo, ukumba imitshingo ebanzi nge-bayonet eyodwa no-0.5m phakathi kwawo. Gcwalisa imigodi ye-2/3 nge-mullein, uyimboze kusukela phezulu ngenhlabathi. Endaweni yalezi zingqimba ezimboziwe kuyoba nemigqa ephakathi.

I-VIDEO: INDLELA YOKWENZA KANYE NOKUSEBENZISA ISIZO

Izimo ezikhulayo

"Isimangaliso saseShayina" siyizinhlobonhlobo ezingenakuzithoba, kodwa, lapho sikhula, kudingeke sikhumbule amaphuzu abalulekile:

1. Inhlabathi kaHumus nge-asidi engahambisani ne-acidity - indlela engcono kakhulu "ye-Chinese", ubumba kanye nomhlabathi wamanzi awufanelekile.
2. Ukutshala kabusha isiko endaweni efanayo akufanele kube ngaphambi kwonyaka wesithupha.
3. Ukushisa kwenhlabathi okungaphansi kuka-15 ° С.
4. Ukushisa kwe-air - + 20-27 ° С.
5. Ukuphuza ngokweqile izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngeviki, emva kwenqubo kuyadingeka ukuba uthole phansi.
6. Ukusetshenziswa okugunyaziwe kwe-garter.
7. Ukufaka umanyolo obunzima ngokweqile ngamanyolo we-potassium.
8. Indawo yokubeka imibhede kufanele, uma kungenzeka, ihlukaniswe kusuka emisebenzini futhi ivuleke kahle.

Uyazi? Esikhathini sesigaba sezitshalo, izithelo zekhukhamba yezitshalo zibizwa ngokuthi ithanga. Igama elifanayo linalo izithelo zelungu, isikwashi, i-zucchini, ikhabe.

Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya

Eningizimu yeRussia futhi cishe yonke insimu ye-Ukraine, "isimangaliso saseChina" singakhula ngembewu, sihlwanyele emhlabathini ovulekile noma esitheni sokushisa. Kodwa nokho, indlela yokutshala iyathandwa kakhulu ekulandeleni kwethu. Isikhathi esithile sokuqala inqubo yokuhluma imbewu - isigamu sesibili sika-Mashi-ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Idethi elungile kakhulu ingatholakala kanje: kubalulekile ukutshala izithombo endaweni evulekile lapho izinga lokushisa lizohlala lihlala endaweni + 18-20 ° С emini. Ngalesi sikhathi, izithombo zakho kufanele zibuke njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla (ubude be-stem - 40-45 cm, amaqabunga angu-4-5, njll). Okusho ukuthi imbewu yezithombo kufanele idalwe cishe inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kosuku olulindelekile lokutshala emhlabathini.

Bheka ezinye izinhlobo zamakhukhamba aseShayina.

Ukulungiselela imbewu

Ukulungiselela imbewu yokuhlwanyela kufanele kuqale ngokulinganiswa nokulahlwa okungenalutho. Ubungako obuhle bembewu buyi-3-5 mm ububanzi futhi bude buyi-7-9 mm. Imbewu emikhulu kakhulu ayinalutho, futhi imbewu encane kakhulu izonikeza izithombo ezifanayo.

Thela imbewu ingilazi bese uwagcwalisa ngamanzi apholile. Ngemuva kwekota yesigamu sehora, leyo mbewu ehlala emanzini ingaphonswa, ngoba ayikho.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo yilona ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokutshala kwembewu nge-antiseptics kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhula. Kunezindlela ezanele zokukhiqiza ezimbonini ezenzelwe lezi zinhloso, kodwa ungasebenzisa okuthuthukisiwe:

• fakela isisombululo se-potassium permanganate (1 g ngalinye ngamaminithi angu-100 wamanzi) okwesine kwehora;
• cwilisa ngobusuku besisombululo soda (1 g soda nge 200 ml amanzi), i-agent ayinayo izimfanelo ze-aseptic kuphela, kodwa futhi i-catalyst yokuhluma imbewu;
• Ungasebenzisa ithuluzi elithi "Fitosporin".

Ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwemithi enjalo isetshenziswa:

• esetshenziselwa amahora angu-2.5 kwi-sodium humate (1 g of humate ithululelwa ngaphezulu ngamalitha amabili amanzi);
• ubanjwe ngobusuku obuncane kwisisombululo semithi "Epin" (8 amaconsi kuya 2 amalitha amanzi).

Ngemuva kokungcoliswa kwemithi, imbewu kufanele ibe nzima:

1. Dampa ithawula elincane ekhishini ngamanzi, ukugoqa imbewu kulo bese uyibeka efrijini.
2. Ngemuva kosuku olulodwa, susa imbewu bese uyibeka endaweni enezinga lokushisa eliphakeme (ibhethri elifudumele, eduze negesi noma isitofu kagesi, njll).

Lapho imbewu ingasetshenziswa i-disinfected, iphathwa ngokukhula okukhulayo futhi ilukhuni, ungaqhubeka nokuhluma.

Kubalulekile! Izinkinga zingase ziphakame ngokuthola i-potassium permanganate yokusetshenzwa kwe-aseptic yezinhlamvu. Ingashintshwa yi-streptomycin (25 g nge 0.5 l). Esikhathini sesisombululo esilandelayo, imbewu ihlanjululwa amahora angu-24, bese ihlanza kahle ngamanzi asebenzayo.

Okuqukethwe nezindawo

Indawo engcono kunazo zonke izithombo ziyifasiteleni. Ukushisa kufanele kuguquke cishe 22-25 ° С. Ukuze imbewu ihlume, kungcono ukusebenzisa izimbiza ze-peat; ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izinkomishi zepulasitiki (0.5 l) nezimbobo zokudonsa ezenziwe ngezansi zifanelekile.

Funda ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani izimbiza ezifanele zezithombo nokuthi ungasilungisa kanjani amagciwane ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo.

Inqubo yokutshala imbewu

Ukuze uqale, kufanele ulungise ingxube yomhlabathi izithombo. Ungakwazi ukuthenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo, futhi ungasebenzisa i-substrate yokukhiqiza kwayo. Kunezindlela zokupheka eziningi zokulungiselela ingxube, sizoxoxa ngamanye awo:

• humus - izingxenye ezingu-4;
• i-turf evundile - ingxenye engu-1.

Kuwo wonke ama-5 amalitha enhlanganisela yenhlabathi udinga ukwakha 0.5 tbsp. izinkezo zomlotha, 0.3 g we-ammonium nitrate kanye no-1 g we-superphosphate.

Enye iresiphi yezithombo: i-peat, i-humus, i-turf, i-leaf litter ehlanganiswe ngokulinganisela okulinganayo. I-Opad ifafazwe kahle ngamanzi abilayo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

Inhlanganisela yenhlabathi eseqediwe, ngisho nalapho ithengwa esitolo, kufanele ibalwe kuhhavini (imizuzu engu-15 nge-t + 190-210 ° C), futhi ingaphathwa ngamanzi abilayo ngokufaka i-potassium permanganate (1 tsp ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi) . Uma uthatha isinqumo sokusebenzisa indlela yesibili, kufanele kwenziwe ngokucabangela isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze inhlabathi yomile ngemuva kwezinkinga ezinzima ngamanzi (izinsuku ezingu-2-3).

1. Izimbiza (izindebe) zigcwala i-substrate, futhi ziyanisela izinsuku ezingu-2-3 ukuze ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela inhlabathi iyanamanzi.

2. Phezu komhlabathi, phakathi, ngomunwe, umgodi wenziwa u-1-1.5 cm ojulile.

3. Beka inzalo elungiselelwe emgodini, uyimboze nge-substrate bese umboza ibhodlela ngefilimu.

Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kwembewu yokuhluma kungu-26-31 ° C. Kufanele futhi nsuku zonke, kusukela ngosuku lwesithathu, amahora angu-5-10 ukususa ifilimu. Esikhathini sokuqala, izinga lokushisa libaluleke kakhulu, lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala, ukukhanyisa kuzodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngokushesha lapho amahlumela aluhlaza eqhuma, ifilimu isusiwe ngokuphelele.

Uyazi? "Lifent Senius", "Lno-Min" nethi "Min-Sintyay" - izinhlobo zezinkokhelo zendabuko zaseChina, ngokunqamula ukuthi abaphili bamaRussia bakwazile ukuletha izinhlobonhlobo "Isimangaliso saseShayina".

Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo

Ngemva kokuvela amahlumela okuqala, izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele linciphise libe ngu-22-26 ° С. Uma igumbi liyashisa, kuyadingeka ukuba uhlale uhamba emoyeni ekamelweni. Ukumisa kahle, inani elanele lokushisa nokukhanya okunamandla - lezi yizici zokuhluma ngempumelelo kwezithombo.

Uma izinga lokushisa emoyeni ekamelweni liphansi, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa ama-fitolamps noma ama-heat-kind type ("wind blowers"). Ama-phytolamps ayethandeka ngoba, kanye nokushisa, banikeza ukukhanyisa okuhle, ngakho kuyadingeka izitshalo.

Ukuphuzisa izithombo kufanele kuhlukaniswe ngamanzi, okushisa kungabi ngaphansi kuka-26 ° C. Kubalulekile ukulawula ukuthi i-substrate ihlale isesimweni sokukhanya (hhayi ngokweqile!) Umswakama. Uma kwenzeka inhlabathi isomile, yiphakamise nge-sprinkler, uma imanzi kakhulu - ungayiphuzi isikhashana, faka ingilazi ngendwangu endaweni efudumele, ngakho-ke umswakama obangele uzothuthuka ngokushesha.

Akufanele sikhohlwe ngokuqina kwamahlumela amancane. "Isimangaliso saseShayina" sibhekisela ezinhlotsheni eziseduze, uzohlwanyela imbewu izithombo ngaphambi kuka-Ephreli. Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli nasekuqaleni kukaMeyi, isimo sezulu sivame ukuhamba ngezinqubo zomoya.

Isimo esiyinhloko ukungabikho kwemimoya. Ngosuku oluhle kakhulu olukhanyayo, vula amafasitela e-windows sill, lapho izithombo zakho zimi khona, ungathatha ebhodini noma emgwaqweni. Kumele uqale ngeseshini sama-5-7-minute, kancane kancane ukwandisa isikhathi esichithwa emoyeni omusha. Ukuzivumelanisa okunjalo kunethonya elihle ezitshalweni.

Njengoba izithombo ziqala ukwelula, izimpande zazo zingase zibe zibala. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kufanele uthule i-substrate zibe izimbiza. Emva kokuvela kweqabunga lamaqabunga wangempela okudingekayo ukondla. Ukuze ukhuculise, ungathenga umanyolo esitolo, futhi ungakwenza ngokwakho:

• amanzi ahlukanisiwe - 2 l;
• izinyoni zezinyoni - 30 g;
• superphosphate elula - 3 g;
• i-ammonium nitrate - 1 g.

Ikhambi elifanayo liphinde londle izithombo emva kokuvela kweqabunga lesibili, umahluko kuphela ukuthi amanzi athathwe izikhathi ezimbili ngaphansi (ngaleyo ndlela ukwandisa ukuhlushwa komanyolo). Sebenzisa umanyolo onjalo njengokunisela okujwayelekile ngamanzi.

Ukutshala izithombo phansi

Isimo esikhulu sokutshala izithombo emhlabathini:

1. Ukushisa kwemoya yansukuzonke okungenani + 18-20 ° С, ebusuku ukuze ingawi ngezansi + 13 ° С.
2. Ukushisa kwelanga akuphansi kwe-15 ° С.

Kubalulekile! Uma izithombo zakho zilungele ukutshala, futhi izimo zezulu ezidingekayo zingakabonakali, kunciphise ukuchelela nokushisa endaweni yokulima kuze kufike kancane.

Uma izimo zezulu zihlangabezana nezidingo, ungaqala ukufakelwa kabusha endaweni yokushisa noma emhlabathini ovulekile. Izwe lokutshala kufanele lilungiswe ekwindla njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla.

Imibhede ngokwayo igcwele izingqimba ezilinganiselwa ku-0.3m ukuphakama, no-0.8 m ububanzi phakathi kwemigqa. Izimila zihlwanyelwe kahle ngendlela ehlelekile, ngakho zizokwenza ilanga elengeziwe futhi lihlelwe ngokucophelela. "AmaShayina" anezimpande ezimbalwa ze-lateral, ukuze amahlumela amancane atshalwe eduze: 0.3 m phakathi kwemivimbo eqondile ibanga elamukelekile.

1. Izinsuku ezingu-10 ngaphambi kokufika okuhlosiwe ekugxotsheni kwe-shaft ukumba umsele omncane ongama-20 cm ejulile. Ngaphansi kwe-groove ubeka ungqimba lwe-mullein (3-5 cm) futhi umboze umhlaba. Imibhede ngokwayo ihlanganiswe ne-foil. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokutshala umhlaba uvuselela kahle.
2. Izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokutshala, ukumba imigodi, ukuze ibhodlela likhululekile ukulifaka.
3. Emithonjeni iqale igcwele isisombululo esinamandla se-potassium permanganate emanzini abilayo. Ngemuva kokuba i-permanganate ye-potassium ixhunyiwe, umthombo uchitheka ngamanzi alula. Uma amanzi esephumile, faka umquba omncane phansi komgodi.
4. Kusukela kusihlwa ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo ziphuziswa ukuze zikhishwe ngokukhululekile ebhodweni.
5. Susa ngokucophelela isitshalo kusuka engilazi (uma usebenzisa i-peat pot, imbuto emgodini ifakwe kuso). Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ukuze i-substrate ezungeze izimpande zihlale zihamba kahle.
6. I-seedling ifakwa ngendlela yokuthi intamo impande itholakala ngamamitha angu-20 ngaphezulu kwengqimba yomgodi.
7. Lapho zonke izithombo zitshalwe, inhlabathi inqanyuliwe, uthele izithombo ngamanzi afudumele (+ 27-30 ° C), futhi ubeke umhlabathi ngamanzi noma utshani. I-Mulch ngeke ivumele umswakama ukuba uqhume ngokushesha futhi uzofaka isandla ekugcineni ukushisa endaweni yomsuka.

Uyazi? Potassium, amavithamini A noK, onke amavithamini B, i-vitamin C, i-folic acid, insimbi, i-antioxidants - Lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwamavithamini namaminerali okuqukethwe kwamakhukhamba. I-Vitamin K iyandisa ukwandisa amandla amathambo.

Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo zokulima imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile

Indlela engenambewu yokuhlakulela "isimangaliso saseShayina" ifaneleke kakhulu eningizimu yeRussia nendawo yonke ye-Ukraine. Ngalendlela yokutshala lesi sitshalo izoqala ukuthela izithelo ngemuva kwezinhlobo zazo ezikhulile izithombo. Kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukukujabulela ngokuvunwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yale ndlela, ukhukhamba zikhula zivumelane nezimo zesimo sezulu futhi zivikeleke emzimbeni ezifweni nasezinambuzane.

Izimo zangaphandle

Kungenzeka ukuhlwanyela ngembewu kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile, nasendlini yokushisa. Isikhathi sokutshala cishe - ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli-ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Inhlabathi ngaphansi kwemibhede kanye nembewu yokutshala ilungiswe ngendlela efanayo njengoba kwenziwa ngokutshala izithombo.

Bheka indawo ehlangabezana nezidingo zesitshalo (ukukhanya okwanele, kodwa ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile kanye nokuvikelwa emaphethelweni).Uma i-acidity yomhlaba iphakeme kunomuntu ongathandanga hlangothi, faka uketshezi noma isikhumba esikhishwe ekwindla, ungasebenzisa umquba owenziwe ngomumo owenziwe ngomumo.

Inqubo yokutshala imbewu emhlabathini

Ngesikhathi imbewu itshalwe, umhlabathi kufanele ufudumele kuze kube ngaphansi kuka-15 ° C. Inhlabathi iyashisa kulokhu lokushisa ngasekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, imbewu yakho kufanele ikhethwe, ikhutshazwe i-disinfected futhi iqine.

1. Emibhedeni elungiselelwe ukukhulelwa sibonisa indawo yezitshalo zesikhathi esizayo, njengokungathi sitshala izithombo. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi ngeke senze izimbobo, kodwa izimbobo ezincane ngomunwe, 2-2.5 cm ejulile.
2. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigodi lingama-25 cm, indawo engama-80 cm. Emgodini ngamunye sibeka imbewu engu-2, siyimboza umhlaba. Ekude ka-5-7 cm ukusuka emgodini ngamunye, unamathele umthamo we-beacon.
3. Ngemuva kokuthi imigodi igcwaliswe, uthele amanzi afudumele (+ 27-30 ° C) ngamanzi.

Uma kwenzeke ukuthi isimo sezulu siphumelele ngokuzumayo, ungakwazi ukumboza izindawo zezihlumela ezizayo ngamabhodlela epulasitiki, futhi umqubuzane endaweni.

Ukunisela

"AmaShayina" adinga ukuchelela okuningi. Kubalulekile ukufeza inqubo izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto, uma isimo sesimo sezulu sivulekile, uma kwenzeka ukuchelela kwamasonto onke kunqunyelwe.

Sincoma ukuthi sifunde indlela yokukhukhamba ukhukhamba ngezindlela ezingezona ezijwayelekile: kubhakede, izikhwama, imiphongolo, usebenzisa i-hydroponics.

Iphuziswa ngamanzi ahlelekile, futhi angcono, amanzi emvula, izinga lokushisa + 24-26 ° C. Ukunisela kuyadingeka ngendlela yokuthi amanzi awenzi amaqabunga, kuphela endaweni engcambu.

Ukuze isitshalo esincane sanele 2-4 amalitha ukudubula ngalinye. Uma izibhukhula zikhula, ukuchelela isikhathi esisodwa kufanele kube cishe ngo-7-9 amalitha ngesikwele ngasinye. m. Ngesikhathi sevolumu ne-fruiting ivolumu yenyuka ibe yi-18-30 amalitha ngomitha wesikwele ngasinye. m. Ungasebenzisi i-hose yokunisela kanye namanzi okupompa. Ukunisela kungcono kakhulu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuchelela. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ekuseni, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ilanga eliqondile, noma kusihlwa, lapho ilanga lishona. Ufanelekile futhi ugobe uhlobo lokunisela.

Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula

Nakuba "isimangaliso saseChina" sinezimpande ezinamandla kakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamakhukhamba, kodwa namanje kumele siqaphele nge-weeding. Kudingekile ukukhulula umhlabathi emva kokunisela ngamunye ukuze i-crust ingafaki, izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngezikhathi zonyaka ukhula phakathi kwemigqa nemibhede ngokwayo.

Kubalulekile! Ukukhula okuvamile "Isimangaliso saseShayina" okufanelekile, okunamandla okwanele okudingekayo. Kungadingeka uyishintshe. Izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesikhathi sonyaka we-fruiting.

Masking

"Isimangaliso saseShayina" siyizinhlobonhlobo ezingadingi ukuguquka. Isizathu salokhu - uhlobo oluthile lomfazi wesibhakabhaka, kanye nokungabi khona okuphelele kwe-plant plantal lateral.

Ibhande le-Garter

Kodwa i-garter yalezi zihlukahlukene ibalulekile. Inqwaba enkulu ekhulayo idinga ukwesekwa; akunakwenzeka ukubhekana nesisindo sayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo eziboshwe ziba nezinzuzo ezibalulekile:

1. Izimila zikhula ngokulinganayo, hhayi ukuthatha isikhala esiningi.
2. Nge-whip ehlangene kulula ukuvuna.
3. Izithelo ezilele emhlabathini ziwohloka ngokushesha, amaqabunga neziqu zingagula, noma zihlaselwa yizifo eziphazamisayo.
4. I-Garter ifaka isandla ekubukeni kwama-ovari, okungukuthi, ukwandisa umkhiqizo.
5. I-Garter isiza ukwandisa inani elangeni elitholwa yisithelo.

I-Garter kufanele yenziwe ngemuva nje kokuba lesi sitshalo sifinyelele ku-0.5-0.6 m ubude. I-garter ngayinye ifaneleka kakhulu kulezi zihlukahlukene. Kodwa ungafaka isicelo kanye ne-trellis. Ama-rack ama-side kufanele afakwe ngaphambi kokuthi utshale izithombo noma imbewu emhlabathini. Futhi uma uthatha isinqumo sokwenza i-garter ngayinye yokulahla, khona-ke okuthunyelwe okumele kufakwe kusengaphambili. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kungalimazi uhlelo lwempande.

Kunezindlela ezine eziyisisekelo zokugqoka:

• okuzungezile;
• okuqondile;
• i-hybrid;
• udonga

I-horizontal ne-hybrid yezinhlobonhlobo zethu, ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, azihambisani kahle. Kodwa ngokuhlala ngokuqondile nokudonga ngokuningiliziwe:

1. I-vertical. Ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kokusekelwa kombhede kufakwe, phakathi kwabo, ekuphakameni okungaba ngu-2 m, intambo ithulwe. Ukuwehla komsila kunamathele entambo enezingqimba, ngokusho kwenani lemivimbo. "Umsila" ngamunye ubopha ukuqhuma okulodwa.

2. I-Wall. Izisekeli zifakwe ngendlela efanayo ngendlela eyedlule. Phakathi kwabo bendlala i-mesh enkulu yensimu enkulu, noma benza umshini wezingcingo zeshaya noma amawindi.

Thola ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo i-trellis grid yamakhukhamba inendlela nendlela yokuyibeka ngayo ngendlela efanele.

Uyazi? E-UK, yahlakulela ezihlukahlukene izithelo zazo zidlula ubude "Isimangaliso saseShayina". Amakhukhamba anjalo ayinayo imbewu eyandisa ukwakhiwa kwamagesi emathunjini.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Uma kunjalo, uma umsebenzi wokuqala wokulungiswa kwemibhede wenziwa kahle ekwindla, entwasahlobo ungasebenzisa kuphela izinto eziphilayo: umlotha (60 g / sq. M), i-mullein noma umquba wezinkukhu. I-litter kufanele ichitheke emanzini ngesilinganiso se-1: 3, ake ume ngezinsuku ezingu-3-5. Umkhiqizo kumele ugqugquzeleke bese uhlanjululwa emanzini (1:15). Sebenzisa umanyolo oholela ekunkeleni.

Uma ukulungiswa kwemibhede ekwindla kunqunywe, kufanele usebenzise umquba wamaminerali. Udinga ukuzenza ngokwalolu hlelo:

1. I-Nitrofoska - ihlanjululwe ku-20 l 2 tbsp. izinkezo. Emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili okuqala, ukuqhuma ngakunye kuniselwa ngamanzi amabili emkhiqizo. Yenza inqubo ngemuva kokuchelela okujwayelekile.
2. Potassium Sulphate - hlaziya ku-20 l 2 tsp. Faka isicelo sokuqala ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lesithathu (2 amalitha ngesitshalo ngasinye 1), okwesibili - emva kwezinsuku ezingu-20.
3. Urea - 20 g lihlanjululwe ngamalitha amahlanu amanzi. Uma ama-ovari evela, fundiza amahlamvu. Yenza inqubo kusihlwa.
4. "Master 20.20.20" - 40 g wezidakamizwa zahlakazwa ngamalitha angu-20 amanzi. Ngemuva kwamaqabunga ama-12 ekhula esihlahleni, engeza ama-1.5 l wezimali ezihlahleni ngasinye. Khona-ke, 1 isikhathi emavikini amabili, kuze kube yilapho isitshalo sesitshalo.
5. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuqhakaza futhi ngokushesha ngemva kokuvela kwezithelo zokuqala, i-Azogran noma i-Vermistim isetshenzisiwe. Kudingeka ukulandela ngokuqinile imiyalelo, ngaphandle kwalokho ungalimaza uhlelo lwempande.

Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela

Idonsa likaMealy. Izici zobuntu ziyi-deposit ephaphathekile engaphansi kweqabunga, efana nosawoti osele emanzini anosawoti. Esikhathini sesiteji sekwephuzile, ukuhlasela kuqhubekela phambili, kuba mnyama. Ukuze ukwelashwa okusetshenziswe "i-Oxy": 5 g wezidakamizwa uchitheka ngamalitha angu-2.5 amanzi. Phulaza kahle kusihlwa, phinda inqubo emva kwamasonto amabili.

Funda indlela yokubhekana ne-powdery isikhutha ngamakhukhamba.

I-Downy isikhutha. Amachashaza ombala ophuzi ngendlela yemibuthano, elandelayo ehlanganiswa nesibhakabhaka esimnyama se-brown or red-blue hue. Sebenzisa umuthi "I-Topaz". Emalitha angu-10 amanzi ahlaziye 1 ampoule. Sula amahlamvu ngezikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-10.

I-Downy isikhutha yisinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu zamakhukhamba.

Alternaria Ngaphansi kwamaqabunga kuthinteka izilonda ezincane ze-beige, ezanda ngobukhulu nangenombolo, ezihlanganisa indawo enkulu eyodwa yokubhujiswa. Isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa "i-Ridomil Gold". 5 amalitha amanzi 25 g wezidakamizwa. Kusihlwa kusihlwa 1 esikhathini ezinsukwini ezingu-10-12. I-Anthracnose. Isiqu sigcwele ama-longitudinal brown grooves, amaqabunga - umbala ofanayo, owonakele. Ngesikhathi esincane esifushane Zelentsy ukubola. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, basebenzisa i-Oxy, ngendlela efanayo nokuphathwa kwe-powdery isikhutha. Aphid I-parasite evame kakhulu ehlala emakhukhamba. Izitshalo lapho ama-aphid aqala khona ukuvuna masinyane, ama-ovari awela, ngokulandelana, izithelo ku-whip enjalo ayisekho.

Sincoma ukuthi sifunde indlela yokuvikela ukhukhamba kusuka kuma-aphid.

Abavukuzi Lapho izithelo zokuqala zivuthwa, lesi sifo singase sibonakale. Kuzo zombili izimo, izitshalo zifakwe izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa "Fitoverm" (10 ml ngamabili amalitha amanzi). Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-12-14, inqubo iphindaphindiwe. Ukuze uzame ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka ngezifo ezihlukahlukene futhi ukuvikela ngokumelene nama-parasites, udinga ukulandela ezinye izincomo:

1. Ungasebenzisi i-nitrogen eningi kumanyolo.
2. Lapho ufika, ugcine ibanga elilinganayo phakathi kwemivimbo eminyango ukuze ukugeleza komoya kungenzi lutho.
3. Uma ukhula ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa, qapha umswakama womoya. Hlola wonke amacembe namajoyini we-drafts.
4. Xhumana nesitshalo ngokucophelela, zama ukulimaza. Noma yikuphi ukuqala kungase kube iphuzu elibuthakathaka lapho ukutheleleka kwehla khona.

Kubalulekile! Ngokuba izithombo nge izithombo lapho zihluma imbewu ikhukhamba, inhlabathi kusukela imibhede lapho utamatisi wakhula kufanelekile.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Ukuvuna kuhle kakhulu kwansuku zonke. Uma uqoqa, sebenzisa ummese noma i-pruner, akudingeki ukuba ukhethe futhi uhlwithe izithelo. Ngemuva kokuvuna, ungakwazi ukuphuza izitshalo.

Ezihlukahlukene "isimangaliso saseShayina" ziwohloka ngokushesha, ngenxa yalokhu kufanele kudliwe ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuvuna. Izindlu zokugcina izithombo zokushisa zingagcinwa cishe ngesonto elilodwa ku-+ 10-12 ° С, isibonelo, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba adinga (+ 7-9 ° С) izinga lokushisa nomswakama kuleli zinga ezingeni lika 90%. Ezingeni lokushisa lika-0 ... + 4 ° C, izithelo zigcinwa isikhathi eside, kepha zilahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwazo.

Funda indlela yokulondoloza ukhukhamba ebusika.

Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka

Uma unquma ukutshala ukhukhamba ngaphandle kwezithombo ezikhulayo, uzodinga imbewu eningi kunendlela yokutshala. Izinhlobonhlobo zinomuthi omkhulu kakhulu wezitshalo, ngakho-ke, kudinga ukuphakama okusezingeni eliphezulu. Futhi nakuba "isiShayina" asikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yizinto ezingenakuqhathaniswa futhi ezifuna izinto ezihlukahlukene, imithetho ethile kufanele ikhunjulwe:

1. "Isimangaliso saseShayina" sinomthelela kakhulu emanzini omhlabathi. Umhlabathi kufanele ube njalo unomsola ngokwanele.
2. Khokha ngokukhethekile emiphongolweni ye-garter.
3. Akekho okufanelekile ukunganaki ukugqoka. Kulo likhulu, kubalulekile.

Uyazi? Emakhukhamba ngobuningi obukhulu kakhulu aqukethe i-lignans - izinto okukholelwa ukuthi zinciphisa ingozi yamanye emdlavuza.

Uma ukhula, kungase kube nezinkinga ezithile zesici:

1. Amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi futhi ahlulwe. Isimo esinjalo singase sibe ngenxa yokuchelela okungalungile.
2. Ubuningi obuhlaza bungaba buphuzi ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya emhlabathini, okushiya ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu, futhi okwenzeki ukukhipha (noma ukungabikho).
3. Ukujikeleza kwezitshalo ezingalungile kungabangela nokuphuza kwamahlamvu.
4. Izithelo ze-hook kubonisa ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen.
5. Izithelo ezifana nefomu eliphakathi kwe-pear, zikhuluma ngokuntuleka kwe-potassium, i-boron engena-spiral.
6. Ukuntuleka kwama-ovari, izithelo ezingenakusihlwa noma ukungafani nezephutha - izimpawu ezicacile zokuntuleka kwe-calcium.
7. Ngokushintsha okungazelelwe kokushisa, ukushisa okwedlulele noma ukupholisa okubonakalayo, amaqabunga angawa.
8. Ezinye izimbangela zokuwa kwamahlamvu yilezi: ukungahambisani nemigomo yokugqoka okuphezulu (ukuxilongwa kwezixazululo zomanyolo, zombili izidakamizwa kanye nezamaminerali), amanzi asemanzi noma umswakama owedlulele, ukuchelela ngamanzi aphansi okushisa.

Ukhukhamba "Isimangaliso saseShayina" esingenakuzithoba ekunakekeleni, ujabule iso ngokubonakala kwalo. Izivakashi zakho zingase zimangaliswe izithelo ezinkulu ezikhulile kusayithi lakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakhohlwa ngezici ezihlukanisa izihlobo ezivela kwabanye abantu baseShayina, - "Isimangaliso saseShayina" singagcinwa, sikhuphukile futhi sinamanzi.

Ukubuyekeza